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1.
9711号台风Winnie和0010号台风Bills均在中国大陆发生变性，但前者变性后再度加强，而后者变性后减弱消亡。从湿位涡理论出发，对比分析两者的变性过程，结果表明：作为变性台风，Winnie和Bilis均在北上过程中与中纬度西风槽发生作用，但前者与高空槽发生耦合，后者仅接近高空槽底部，没有发生耦合；Winnie变性加强过程表现为一个温带气旋在低层锋区上的强烈发展过程，主要与高层正位涡扰动下传、低层锋区及热带气旋低压环流之间的相互作用有关。Pm湿斜压项增长引起的倾斜涡度发展是登陆热带气旋变性加强的主要因子。在Bills变性过程中，高层无明显的正位涡扰动下传，热带气旋低压环流内无锋区面出现，大气斜压性弱且变化不明显。 相似文献
2.
台风变性加强过程的数值模拟和试验分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1997年登陆的Winnie台风经历了变性重新加强的过程,利用中尺度数值模式MM5对该过程进行了数值模拟和分析.等熵位涡分析显示重新加强过程经历了2个阶段:(1)高层扰动加强期,北上的变性气旋在其高层维持了小的位涡区,使上游东移的位涡槽加强;(2)气旋斜压发展期,低层气旋上的斜压带与高层加强的扰动耦合,气旋获得斜压发展.该过程伴随着高层风速的加强并发展为急流,这是动力平衡和低层斜压动能输送的结果.高层扰动和急流演变过程说明了变性气旋自身对其发展的重要性.通过热带气旋分离的方法,利用数值试验对变性气旋以及与气旋相关的物理因子的作用进行分析.结果显示,低层变性的气旋Winnie首先通过潜热过程加强了高层的扰动,然后在其北移过程中和高层的扰动位相锁定而得到斜压发展,演变过程说明了登陆台风自身的重要性.在这个过程中,初始气旋的涡旋环流足最主要的,其次是水汽,而斜压性影响最少.斜压性影响最少是由于在气旋环流和高湿度的环境下,斜压带得到重建,使气旋仍然可以和高层的扰动相互作用而得到斜压发展.所以,斜压性仍是变性气旋再度发展的直接原因.综观台风Winnie的变性以及重新加强过程,气旋中斜压性的产生以及维持都和与降水相关的潜热过程密切相关. 相似文献
3.
冷空气影响辽东半岛热带气旋降水的数值试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Matsa（0509）是直接登陆辽东半岛的变性台风,利用MM5v3模式对2005年8月8~9日在山东半岛和辽东半岛发生的暴雨过程进行模拟,并通过敏感试验研究冷空气对辽东半岛热带气旋降水的影响。结果表明:冷空气入侵热带气旋外围,对辽东半岛地区对流云团的强度、上升运动及其降水具有明显的增强作用。对流层中下层弱冷空气和对流层中上层较强冷空气的作用,使辽东半岛地区的回波强度和上升运动明显加强,有利于半岛地区暴雨增幅,其中对流层中上层较强冷空气对辽东半岛暴雨的作用显著。无冷空气影响或对流层中下层强冷空气作用时,辽东半岛上空的上升运动和回波强度明显减弱,强对流维持时间短,半岛地区的降水量明显减少。 相似文献
4.
利用中尺度非静力模式MM5,对9711号台风Winnie登陆转向渤海、在辽东半岛地区引发的大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析,并分析了该暴雨过程的中尺度结构特征和地形对辽东半岛降水的影响。结果表明:(1)台风Winnie影响辽东半岛期间,与其西北和东北部的冷空气相互作用,在半岛东侧和北部出现局地垂直次级环流,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。(2)地形对台风降水量有明显的增幅作用,降水量与地形的走向一致,迎风坡降水量增加,背风坡降水量减少,地形强迫抬升作用在辽东半岛地区造成的降水量约占模拟总降水量的40%,强降水区与辐合带相对应。(3)地形强迫作用加强了低层的偏东气流,有利于中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的生成、发展,从而导致中尺度对流云团的加强和维持。(4)地形强迫作用可以改变台风的局部环流。当地形强迫产生与台风环流相同的气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部增强,降水量相应增大;当地形强迫产生与台风环流相反的反气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部减弱,降水量相应减少。 相似文献
5.
利用中尺度非静力模式MM5,对9711号台风Winnie登陆转向渤海、在辽东半岛地区引发的大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析,并分析了该暴雨过程的中尺度结构特征和地形对辽东半岛降水的影响。结果表明:(1)台风Winnie影响辽东半岛期间,与其西北和东北部的冷空气相互作用,在半岛东侧和北部出现局地垂直次级环流,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。(2)地形对台风降水量有明显的增幅作用,降水量与地形的走向一致,迎风坡降水量增加,背风坡降水量减少,地形强迫抬升作用在辽东半岛地区造成的降水量约占模拟总降水量的40%,强降水区与辐合带相对应。(3)地形强迫作用加强了低层的偏东气流,有利于中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的生成、发展,从而导致中尺度对流云团的加强和维持。(4)地形强迫作用可以改变台风的局部环流。当地形强迫产生与台风环流相同的气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部增强,降水量相应增大;当地形强迫产生与台风环流相反的反气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部减弱,降水量相应减少。 相似文献
6.
台风Matsa(2005)和Wipha(2007)变性过程对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用日本气象厅热带气旋年鉴资料和JRA-25再分析资料,对0509号台风Matsa和0712号台风Wipha变性过程进行了对比分析。结果表明,台风Matsa和Wipha均是在我国登陆后转向东北方向运动过程中发生变性,但Matsa嵌入中纬度高空锋区,变性为温带气旋后有再加强过程,而Wipha仅外围环流与锋区接触,变性为温带气旋后无再加强过程。通过等熵面位涡分析进一步表明,Matsa变性加强表现为高层正位涡与低层暖平流的耦合,以及高层正位涡下传至中低层;Wipha的变性过程中,高层正位涡并未与低层暖平流耦合,高层正位涡无明显的下传。 相似文献
7.
高空槽对9711号台风变性加强影响的数值研究 总被引：26，自引：9，他引：26
9711号台风Winnie是一个在中国大陆长久维持(2—3 d)并产生强降水的热带气旋(TC),在其深入内陆过程中变性加强为一个温带气旋。用MM5V3对不同强度高空槽影响下Winnie的变性加强过程进行了数值研究。结果表明:(1)Winnie变性加强过程表现为强锋面侵入台风内部、冷空气包裹台风中心、一个温带气旋在近地层锋面上强烈发展的过程;(2)Winnie在陆上的变性加强与西风带高空槽的强度密切相关。TC与不同强度高空槽相互作用过程中,较深槽携带较强冷平流、正涡度平流以及较强的槽前高空辐散,从而有利于TC的维持和变性发展。数值试验中,高空槽越强,Winnie变性加强越明显,温带气旋的发展越快;(3)模拟结果的位涡分析表明,Winnie的温带变性发展与对流层高层正位涡下传、低层锋区和TC低压环流三者之间的相互作用有关。 相似文献
8.
影响辽东半岛的热带气旋降水分析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
选取移动路径和转向趋势极为相似的两个热带气旋——9711（Winnie）和9406（Tim）为例，对其路径、降水量、移动速度进行对比分析，结果表明，Winnie路径偏东，转向后移动速度增幅大，在辽东半岛地区的降水量大；Tim路径偏西，转向后移动速度增幅小，强降水偏西。并针对其在辽东半岛造成的降水量的差异，采用NCEP全球分析资料，诊断分析其环境流场和结构特征，分析表明，除了地形和海洋的影响，副热带高压位置、高低空急流和锋区与辽东半岛地区的强降水有直接关系。Winnie影响期间，有利、稳定的副高位置使来自东南和西南的暖湿空气输送到辽东半岛上空，并阻挡着低压系统东移出海，使降水持续增加；高低空急流在高空急流人口区上升支环流圈内耦合，对流层上层强辐散场的抽吸作用及高位涡的向下输送，有利于气旋的发展加强；东、西两侧冷空气作用使其变性加强，形成温带气旋，引起强降水。Tim影响期问，副高中心偏西、偏北，高低空急流在高空急流出口区下沉支环流圈内相互作用，其上空辐散强度较弱，只是Winnie的八分之一，不利于气旋的发展加强；Tim位于高空槽后，获得负涡度平流，在东部弱冷空气作用下，引起台风弱变性，并没有形成气旋，在东北地区被西风槽合并后消失，辽东半岛只出现10mm以下的降水。 相似文献
9.
登陆台风Matsa (麦莎) 中尺度扰动特征分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
地面中尺度自动站和多普勒雷达资料的分析都表明, 台风Matsa登陆后的低层螺旋云带中活跃着中尺度气旋性涡旋系统。本文使用新一代中尺度WRF模式对台风Matsa登陆后的变化特征进行了数值模拟, 使用四维变分多普勒雷达分析系统 (4D-VDRAS) 对台风Matsa多普勒雷达径向风进行了风场反演。在此基础上对台风Matsa登陆后中尺度扰动特性进行了初步探讨; 对台风Matsa与其螺旋云带的中尺度系统之间动能和涡度的相互转换进行了诊断分析。分析表明: (1) 数值模拟和雷达风场反演结果表明, 登陆台风Matsa的低层螺旋云带中活跃着中尺度气旋式涡旋系统, 与之相伴随的为较强的中尺度上升区, 而且, 中尺度垂直上升运动的强弱与雷达对流回波强度成正相关, 中尺度垂直上升运动越强, 雷达对流回波发展越旺盛。 (2) 台风Matsa与其中尺度系统动能转换的诊断分析说明, 低层中尺度系统从台风Matsa环流中获得动能而发展; Matsa在陆地上长久维持主要是从高层获得动能。 (3) 台风Matsa与其中尺度系统涡度转换的诊断分析说明, 低层中尺度系统向Matsa输送正涡度主要依靠中尺度垂直运动来完成; 高层正涡度的转换通过水平输送和垂直输送共同来完成。所以, 中尺度系统所产生的正涡度源源不断地向Matsa输送, 使Matsa的气旋性环流可以在陆地上长久维持。 相似文献
10.
影响河北两次相似路径台风的湿位涡对比分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用常规的探空和地面资料以及NCEP／NCAR全球再分析资料，对9711号台风温妮和0509号台风麦莎的变性过程和影响河北暴雨过程的湿位涡场进行了诊断分析。结果表明：温妮变性再加强过程是一个温带气旋强烈发展的过程，主要与高层湿位涡扰动下传、热带气旋低压环流两者之间的相互作用有关。而麦莎变性过程中，没有高层湿位涡扰动下传和热带气旋低压环流之间的相互作用过程，无再加强过程。对流层中低层MPV1〈0、MPV2〉0区域对应暴雨区，对此类暴雨具有较好的指示意义；对流层高层高值湿位涡下传，有利于位势不稳定能量的储存和释放，使降水增幅。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献