首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
王晓惠  巫黎明  杨杰  石军  陈兵  王瑞 《气象科学》2020,40(3):393-401
沿海地区的风速在海陆交界处变化极为复杂,其风速规律研究对近海风电场的发展有着极为重要的作用。本文采用江苏沿海40 km范围内38个观测站的2009年7月1日—2011年6月30日近2 a的平均风速实测资料,利用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)对沿海平均风速开展主分量特征分析,进而将江苏沿海地区划分为南北两个区域,开展江苏沿海风速衰减规律分析,风速随沿海向内陆呈现e指数衰减特征。在此基础上,构建了江苏沿海南北两个区域的平均风速在空间上的分布方程,并开展了拟合精度检验和可靠性分析。研究结果表明海陆地形影响的范围大小与海岸线上的风速并非完全成正相关的关系而存在临界值,南区、北区风速临界值分别为18. 2 m·s~(-1)和14. 6 m·s~(-1)。  相似文献   

2.
为了弥补海上风的常规直接观测资料较少的不足,探索将合成孔径雷达(Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar,ASAR)观测资料用于风场研究,以江苏近海为研究对象,利用沿海地面观测数据和2008年11幅ASAR影像反演获得的风速和风向进行对比,并将卫星反演风场同化至数值模式,分析对海上风场模拟效果的改进。结果表明:ASAR影像反演的海面风场和地面实测吻合度较高,可以作为没有直接风观测的海上区域的补充。风速反演值略大于观测值,均方根误差为1.8 m·s~(-1),83.6%的站点偏差在±2 m·s~(-1)之内;风向反演值比观测值偏北,均方根误差为39.3°,41.8%的站点偏差在±22.5°之内。将反演风场同化至WRF模式后,提高了海上风场的模拟效果,风速均方根误差1月降低至0.9 m·s~(-1),7月降低至1.6 m·s~(-1);风向均方根误差1月降低为57.3°,7月降低为50.6°。  相似文献   

3.
用支持向量机方法做登陆热带气旋站点大风预报   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
钱燕珍  孙军波  余晖  陈佩燕 《气象》2012,38(3):300-306
将支持向量机(SVM)回归方法应用于在登陆热带气旋影响下,每天00、06、12、18 UTC 4时次2分钟平均的站点风速预报。从2002-2007年热带气旋本身强度、站点地形情况和站点附近高低空环境场要素,设计相关因子,建立了4种预报模式,其中模式4的风速拟合误差的标准差为1.591 m·s~(-1)。用2008年8个登录热带气旋做独立样本检验,预报风速与实际风速的平均绝对值误差为1.750 m·s~(-1),标准差为2.367 m·s~(-1)。结果表明,在适当的样本截取和预报因子选取后,SVM方法建模的风速预报48小时内效果较好。  相似文献   

4.
本文选用了本省六个台站的日最大风速≥10.0m·s~(-1)及日瞬时极大风速≥17.0m·s~(-1)的资料进行了统计,分析了日最大风速与日瞬时极大风速的相关关系,提出了当日最大风速≥14.0m·s~(-1)时,即有可能产生瞬时风≥17.0m·s~(-1)的大风现象。  相似文献   

5.
风电场风能预报的准确性对于风力发电在并网过程中的稳定性有很大影响,提升风能预报水平能够有效减轻电网并网压力、降低经济运行成本。基于历史资料提出一种可快速更新的风速预报误差订正方法,该方法利用甘肃省风电功率预报系统的风速预报结果并结合实况资料对模拟风速的趋势、均值、方差进行订正,并应用于甘肃省内3个风电场(黑崖子、马昌山、南湫)的风速预报误差订正。结果表明:订正前风速的平均误差为2~3 m·s~(-1)、订正后为1~2 m·s~(-1),误差率改善17%~23%,本研究为风速误差订正提供了一个新思路和新方法。  相似文献   

6.
文章利用2010年1月1日—2013年12月31日逐日NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°)和大同地区地面常规观测资料,采用BP人工神经网络法建立大同市分站点、分季节日极大风速人工神经网络预报模型并且在对T639数值预报产品和EC细网格数值预报产品释用基础上建立了台站日极大风速的客观预报系统,对2015年9月1日—2016年7月31日进行了24h预报,试用结果显示,各季模式平均绝对误差在3.2~5.7m·s~(-1)之间,因此,该系统可以为预报员快速做出日极大风速的预报提供客观参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
利用黄陂气象站、武汉青山长江公路大桥桥位处新建的测风塔和湖北省农展中心自动气象站风资料,采用极值I型分布法对武汉青山长江公路大桥设计的风参数进行研究,结果表明:(1)桥位区10 m高度年最大、极大风速为分别为17.0 m·s~(-1)、20.9 m·s~(-1),年均大风日数为5.8 d,年最多风向为NNE;(2)气象站100 a重现期10 m高度10 min平均年最大风速(基本风速)为25.6 m·s~(-1),桥位处100 a重现期10 m高度10 min平均年最大风速(设计风速)为29.0 m·s~(-1);(3)风速较大时水平动量的垂直湍流通量较风速小时大、湍流参数较风速小时小、湍流谱密度值较风速小时增大1~2个量级;极大风速发生时1 h内的风攻角为0°~3°。  相似文献   

8.
以鄱阳湖区典型湖陆山地复杂地形为试验区域,采用WRF模式MRF和MYJ两种边界层参数化方案,对2010年该区域近地层风速进行高时空分辨率预报,并结合3个测风塔观测资料对预报结果进行检验。结果表明:WRF模式对鄱阳湖区70 m高度风速预报效果较好,预报值能够较好地反映近地层风速变化,且边界层MRF方案预报效果略好于MYJ方案。地形对近地层风速预报影响明显,地形相对平坦的吉山预报效果最好,而地形最为复杂的狮子山预报效果相对较差。不同强度的近地层风速预报效果差异较大,5~25 m·s~(-1)风速段预报效果明显优于0~5 m·s~(-1)风速段。位相偏差是造成鄱阳湖区近地层风速预报误差的主要来源,其贡献率在60%以上,而系统偏差和振幅偏差的误差贡献率相对较小,通过线性订正方法可在一定程度上提高该区域风速预报效果。  相似文献   

9.
高留喜  朱蓉  常蕊 《气象》2014,40(10):1240-1247
对QuikSCAT和ASCAT原始轨道10 m反演风场与浮标资料在中国南海北部的统计检验分析结果表明:两套卫星资料在中国南海北部具有较好的适用性,QuickSCAT反演风速偏高0.46 m·s~(-1),ASCAT反演风速在近海偏高0.45 m·s~(-1),在开阔海域偏高0.07 m·s~(-1)。超过半数的QuickSCAT反演风向误差30°。在近岸海域,ASCAT反演风向误差30°的超过56%,在开阔海域,误差绝对值30°的达到64%。小风时卫星反演风速偏大,大风时卫星反演风速明显偏小,且白天的偏差大于夜间;在5~10 m·s~(-1)风速条件下,两者的一致性较好。用WRF模式模拟的近海风能资源存在高估的可能,卫星资料对近海风能资源评估是个有益的补充,本文对卫星反演风场误差的分析结果也可以为卫星反演风场的资料同化提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
1961—2004年黑龙江省近地层风速变化趋势分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
邹立尧  国世友  王冀  韩照宇 《气象》2010,36(10):67-71
利用1961—2004年地面风速资料,分析了黑龙江省近地层风速变化趋势特征,并对比了国家气象站与农垦气象站风速变化的异同,最后探讨了黑龙江省近地层风速对气候变暖、人类活动的响应。结果表明:(1)近44年来,除极少数测站外,黑龙江省大部分地区年和四季风速呈现显著减小趋势;春季平均风速减小最大,为1.74 m·s~(-1);冬季次之,为1.40 m·s~(-1);秋季较小,为1.33 m·s~(-1);夏季最小,为0.99 m·s~(-1)。(2)国家气象站与农垦气象站风速均呈现减小趋势,但农垦气象站减小幅度小于国家气象站,这可能与1978年以来黑龙江省城市化进程加快有关。(3)黑龙江省近地层风速的减小与气候变暖和人类对土地利用方式的改变有一定关系。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号