共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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气溶胶和水汽e型吸收对低层大气长波辐射冷却率的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用带模式方法计算了低层大气的长波冷却率。结果表明,在大气低层窗区ｅ型吸收的冷却率小于非窗区的水汽冷却率,约占总冷却率的１／３;气溶胶的长波冷却率小于水汽的冷却率,对总冷却率的贡献约为３０％;大气低层总冷却率的分布主要取决于水汽冷却率的分布。 相似文献
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气熔胶和水气e型吸收对低层大气长波辐射冷却率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用带模式方法计算了低层大气的长波冷却率。结果表明,大气低层窗区ｅ型吸收的冷却率小于非窗区的水汽冷却率,约占总冷却率的１／３;气溶胶的长波冷却率小于水汽的冷却率,对总冷却率的贡献约为３０％;大气低层总冷却率的分布主要取决于水汽冷却率的分布。 相似文献
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本文利用一个一维辐射传输模式，分析了模式垂直分层对辐射通量密度和加热率计算结果的影响，以示在辐计算方案的应用中选择合理的垂直分层的必要性，结果表明：长波辐射通量和加热率对垂直分层的改变反映敏感；辐射通量最大偏差出现在对流层中层，以中纬度模式大气为例，其值为１４Ｋ／ｍ＾２（相对偏差６％）；长波冷却率的偏差在低层比较明显，最大可达１．０℃／ｄａｙ；在高原地区，垂直分层对近地层加热率的影响更为明显，偏差 相似文献
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本文用一种新的红外透过率模式计算了对流层和平流层水汽的长波(0—2380cm~(-1))冷却率分布.在计算中,我们精确处理了频率积分以及非均匀大气路径效应.结果表明:在近地面层,大气窗区(730—1200cm~(-1))(主要是水汽连续吸收)对总的冷却率贡献很大,在1公里处大约占72％;通常所用的处理非均匀大气路径及漫射辐射的CG近似和1.66漫射因子近似,基本上适用于水汽冷却率的计算.在整个对流层和平流层,它们所带来的最大误差不超过0.16K/日和0.19K/日.同时,我们还考查了水汽吸收系数的温度效应 相似文献
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利用激光雷达对2006年6月17日出现浮尘天气进行观测,反演分析浮尘天气气溶胶消光系数特征,并将其消光系数放入LOWTRAN模式中模拟了大气长波冷却率。结果表明:浮尘刚出现时沙尘的消光系数较小,其峰值在地面附近,相应光学厚度也较小。浮尘发展时沙尘的消光系数增大,沙尘粒子慢慢从地面上升至高空,边界层高度达1 500 m左右,边界层内部沙尘气溶胶充分混合,消光系数趋于一致,光学厚度最大达0.41;17日浮尘期间(19:00—23:00),2 200 m以下20:00 h和21:00 h冷却率较其它时刻大,这两个时刻的沙尘浓度也较大;有浮尘时长波冷却率较无浮尘时增加,最大增加值在2 250 m的高度层达到0.04 K/h。 相似文献
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气溶胶吸收光学特性对低层大气短波加热率的影响 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
根据气溶胶折射指数的参数化方法确定其虚部ｋ的日变化，并考虑其对短波加热率的影响，发现用ｋ的日平均值代替其逐时值计算大气气溶胶国中热率，将所得结果增大最大增值可达１．６℃／ｄ。 相似文献
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利用MODIS-GOCART气溶胶资料研究中国东部地区气溶胶直接辐射强迫 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用MODIS-GOCART同化的2001年逐月气溶胶光学厚度资料，在修改区域气候模式RegCM2辐射方案的基础上，连续积分5年获得平均的中国东部地区气溶胶短波和长波直接辐射效应，并通过数值试验研究了气溶胶垂直分布对辐射强迫及其气候响应的影响。结果表明：气溶胶的短波辐射效应能冷却地表、加热大气；长波辐射效应能加热地表、冷却大气；大气顶净辐射强迫年平均为-4．1W／m^2；辐射强迫绝对值在春季最大，夏季次之，冬季最小；模拟区域中最大辐射强迫值主要位于华北、华南地区及四川盆地；气溶胶垂直分布是影响气溶胶辐射强迫的重要因素。总体上气溶胶层越靠近地面，大气顶辐射强迫绝对值越大，地表辐射强迫绝对值越小，大气顶辐射强迫对垂直分布较敏感；气候系统的反馈作用会放大气溶胶垂直分布对辐射气候效应的影响。 相似文献
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１水汽云图资料简介水汽观测通道波长６．５～７．０μｍ,在此通道附近,水汽对该波长辐射的吸收能力特别强。若大气中水汽含量多,则对该波长辐射吸收的多,到达卫星传感器的能量小,水汽图上表现为亮温低、灰度较亮的红色区。反之,则对该波长辐射吸收的少,到达卫星传... 相似文献
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The longwave (0-2380 cm-1) cooling rate due to water vapor in the troposphere and the stratosphere has been calculated by a new infrared transmission model in this paper. An exact scheme is used for treating the integration over wavenumber and the inhomogeneous path in the atmosphere. It is shown that the atmospheric window region (730-1200 cm-1) (mainly water vapor continuum) plays an important role in the total cooling near the surface, about 72% of the total cooling lying in this region at the height of 1 km; the CG approximation used for an inhomogeneous path is fairly applicable for calculating the cooling rate due to water vapor, with a maximum error of 0.16 K/day throughout the troposhere and the stratosphere; on the other hand, the error due to the diffusivity factor of 1.66 appears to be slightly larger near the surface. In this study, the influences on the calculation of above infrared cooling rate, of the temperature-dependence of the absorption coefficients of water vapor, the upper level cutoff and the integration step for altitude, and the substitution of the quasi-grey approximation for the exact integration over wavenumber, are also examined. 相似文献
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A simple parameterization is proposed to obtain longwave radiative cooling rates, which can be used for atmospheric boundary-layer simulations on clear days in mid-latitudes. The net flux difference which is set to zero at the surface, can be parameterized with the use of three variables: the surface temperature, the lowest level (1.5 m) air temperature, and the total amount of water vapor. If these three elements, along with the water vapor profile are known, it is possible to estimate the cooling rate due to longwave radiation. The results of this parameterization are in good agreement with those of a precise scheme (Roach and Slingo, 1979), within a range of ± 1°C/day of diurnal change for boundary-layer simulations. 相似文献
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The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to develop the structure of the ABL.The diurnal variation of the atmospheric radiative budget,atmospheric heating rate,sensible and latent heat fluxes,surface and the 2 m air temperatures as well as the ABL height,and its perturbations due to the aerosols with different single-scattering albedo (SSA) are studied by comparing the aerosol-laden atmosphere to the clean atmosphere.The results show that the absorbing aerosols cause less reduction in surface evaporation relative to that by scatting aerosols,and both surface temperature and 2 m temperature decrease from the clean atmosphere to the aerosol-laden atmosphere.The greater the aerosol absorption,the more stable the surface layer.After 12:00 am,the 2 m temperature increases for strong absorption aerosols.In the meantime,there is a slight decrease in the 2 m temperature for purely scattering aerosols due to radiative cooling.The purely scattering aerosols decrease the ABL temperature and enhance the capping inversion,further reducing the ABL height. 相似文献
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复杂地形城市冬季边界层对气溶胶辐射效应的响应 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
作者着眼于城市气溶胶辐射效应与大气边界层的相互作用问题,针对地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区,开发应用了WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting,天气研究和预报)模式,使之与包含了大气气溶胶辐射效应和气溶胶粒子扩散的综合大气边界层数值模式嵌套起来.通过个例分析,揭示了冬季气溶胶辐射效应对边界层结构的定量影响.主要特征为夜间气溶胶的长波辐射效应使地面附近的气温增高,增温幅度为0.1～0.3 K/h,使低空(25～300 m)大气层冷却,降温幅度为0.08～0.15 K/h,风速在150 m以下减小;白天气溶胶的短波辐射效应使地面层内明显增温,1 h内升温约0.5 K,增温最大值在混合层顶500～600 m高度.受增温影响,垂直风场和水平风场随之调整,风速在450 m以下增大约0.1 m/s左右,而在450 m以上风速减小0.1 m/s左右. 相似文献
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亚——非季风区非绝热加热与夏季环流关系的诊断研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于热力适应理论,本文利用 ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料对撒哈拉沙漠、青藏高原和孟加拉湾地区的非绝热加热与夏季环流进行了诊断研究。在非洲撒哈拉沙漠地区,以感热输送为主的加热仅局限于近地面层,边界层以上的大气则以辐射冷却占优势。因而除了边界层内存在着浅薄的正涡度和微弱的上升运动以外,整个对流层几乎都维持负涡度并盛行下沉运动。对于青藏高原地区,强大的表面感热通量引起的垂直扩散是近地面大气加热的主要分量,与大尺度上升运动相关的凝结潜热对低层大气的加热也有一定的贡献。长波辐射造成的对流层中、上层大气的冷却则主要由深对流潜热释放来补偿。夏季高原地区总非绝热加热是正值,且最大加热率出现在边界层内。低空大气辐合产生正涡度,而中、高层大气辐散伴有较强的负涡度。因而高原盛行上升运动,最大上升运动位于近地面层。夏季孟加拉湾地区的深对流凝结潜热释放远大于长波辐的冷却作用,因而整个对流层几乎都保持较强的非绝热加热。４００ｈＰａ层附近的最大加热率引起３００－４００ｈＰａ最强的上升运动。对流层上层是负涡度区,而中、低层为正涡度区。结果还表明,垂直和水平辐散环流与大气的热源和热汇区密切相联：在高层,辐散气流从热源区流向热汇区;在低层则相 相似文献
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Radiative aerosols are known to influence the surface energy budget and hence the evolution of the planetary boundary layer. In this study, we develop a method to estimate the aerosol-induced reduction in the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH) based on two years of ground-based measurements at a site, the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System(SORPES), at Nanjing University, China, and radiosonde data from the meteorological station of Nanjing. The observations show that increased aerosol loads lead to a mean decrease of 67.1 W m-2for downward shortwave radiation(DSR) and a mean increase of 19.2 W m-2for downward longwave radiation(DLR), as well as a mean decrease of 9.6W m-2for the surface sensible heat flux(SHF) in the daytime. The relative variations of DSR, DLR and SHF are shown as a function of the increment of column mass concentration of particulate matter(PM2.5). High aerosol loading can significantly increase the atmospheric stability in the planetary boundary layer during both daytime and nighttime. Based on the statistical relationship between SHF and PM2.5column mass concentrations, the SHF under clean atmospheric conditions(same as the background days) is derived. In this case, the derived SHF, together with observed SHF, are then used to estimate changes in the PBLH related to aerosols. Our results suggest that the PBLH decreases more rapidly with increasing aerosol loading at high aerosol loading. When the daytime mean column mass concentration of PM2.5reaches 200 mg m-2, the decrease in the PBLH at 1600 LST(local standard time) is about 450 m. 相似文献
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基于激光雷达资料的气溶胶辐射效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用新型激光雷达气溶胶探测资料及综合数值模式,以地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区冬季典型天气形势下的大气边界层为研究对象,通过理想试验模拟研究了城市气溶胶辐射效应与大气边界层的相互作用。结果表明:夜间,低空(50~600 m)气溶胶所在气层冷却效应明显,温度降低0.13~0.18℃,600 m高度以上,气溶胶浓度较低,其冷却效应较小,温度降低不足0.1℃;白天,受气溶胶短波辐射效应影响,边界层内增温明显,增温最大值位于低层脱地逆温层顶300 m高度附近,600 m以上由于气溶胶浓度减小,加热率亦降低,增温由0.2℃减至0.1℃。此外,气溶胶的存在使得所在层的风速降低。可见,激光雷达探测资料在边界层模式中有很好的应用价值,对于研究气溶胶辐射效应的大气边界层响应有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文利用1987年美国FIFE资料及1986年6月TIPMEX资料,并利用大气长、短波一维辐射传输数值模式,计算了晴空大气状态下地面辐射参数(地面热辐射温度、地表反照率等)对大气长波冷却率、短波加热率廓线的影响。结果表明,地球表面对大气边界层内的热辐射结构影响很大,特别是在高原地区这种影响尤其显著。 相似文献
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Using infrared sensors to detect ice clouds in different atmospheric layers is still a challenge. The different scattering and absorption properties of longwave and shortwave infrared channels can be utilized to fulfill this purpose.In this study, the release of Suomi-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder(Cr IS) full spectrum resolution is used to select and pair channels from longwave(～ 15 μm) and shortwave(～4.3 μm) CO_2 absorption bands under stricter conditions, so as to better detect ice clouds. Besides, the differences of the weighting function peaks and cloud insensitive level altitudes of the paired channels are both within 50 h Pa so that the variances due to atmospheric conditions can be minimized. The training data of clear sky are determined by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) cloud mask product and used to find the linear relationship between the paired longwave and shortwave CO_2 absorption channels. From the linear relationship, the so-called cloud emission and scattering index(CESI) is derived to detect ice clouds. CESI clearly captures the center and the ice cloud features of the Super Typhoon Hato located above 415 h Pa. Moreover, the CESI distributions agree with cloud top pressure from the VIIRS in both daytime and nighttime in different atmospheric layers. 相似文献