共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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利用１９８９年１２月１６日－１９９０年１月１４日在重庆市用三轴风速仪所测得的风速资料，计算了小风条件下重庆近地面层的湍流参数，欧拉时间自相关系数，湍流时间积分尺度，湍流强度，摩擦速度，湍流应力等湍流特征量，以了解重庆地区小风条件下的近地面层的湍流场特征。 相似文献
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栾川县森林火险天气等级预报方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1990~1999年栾川县森林火灾资料和气象资料,分析了森林火险与气象条件的关系,结果表明:森林火险与温度、相对湿度及风向、风速密切相关。在此基础上,建立了森林火险天气等级预报方程。 相似文献
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NIM陆面过程模式的研究Ⅱ：青藏高原夏季陆面过程的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
采用南京气象学院（NIM）5层陆面过程模式，利用1979年5－8月“青藏高原气象科学实验”资料模拟和分析了夏季青藏高原不同地区的陆面特征和地表能量特征。并将模拟值与根据观测资料计算得到的感热和潜热以及观测得到的净辐射、土壤温度、土壤热通量进行了对比。结果表明，NIM5层陆面过程模式可以模拟青藏高原夏季不同下垫面情形下的能量交换过程。 相似文献
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利用1990～1999年栾川县森林火灾资料和气象资料,分析了森林火险与气象条件的关系,结果表明森林火险与温度、相对湿度及风向、风速密切相关.在此基础上,建立了森林火险天气等级预报方程. 相似文献
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采暖期间区域气象条件与天津大气污染概率关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2002～2005年11、12、1月冬季采暖期NCEP气象分析资料和同期日空气污染物监测资料,在开设的关键区、识别区内,分析区域污染气象特征,探讨区域气象条件对天津大气污染的影响.采暖期大气污染高发是与冬季的污染气候特征和气象条件密切相关的,区域污染环流特征、大气动力特征、热力条件对污染物的扩散、积累、输送有着重要的影响.当区域大气环流由北到西北气流向西到西南气流转换时,大气稳定度逐渐增加,区域大气扩散能力随之减弱,天津大气污染概率增大.另外,区域风速与天津污染的关系,在一定程度上反映了华北区域污染对天津污染的贡献. 相似文献
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靳小兵 《成都气象学院学报》1996,11(43):316-319
根据三轴风速仪实测大气扩散参数的实测值及其表达形式，以适当的数学方式拟合成可供大气污染物浓度预测的实用公式，并提出了三轴扩散参数实用形式的应用范围，使三轴风速仪测得的参数可直接应用于环评工作中。 相似文献
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本文用1987—1990年乌鲁未齐牧业气象试验站天然牧草生育期和产量与温度、降水、日照时数观测资料,分析了气象条件对天然牧草生长发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明:不同品种牧草春季返青的温度指标不同,喜凉牧草为-1～-2℃,喜温牧草为4.6℃;黄枯期温度指标为6.3～9.1℃;热量条件可满足牧草生长发育及产量形成的需要。干草重与气象条件的相关性比鲜草重与气象条件的相关性好;不同要素中,降水量的相关性最好,积温居中,日照时数最差;用积温、降水量可监测天然草场牧草干重。 相似文献
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半干旱区不同下垫面近地层湍流通量特征分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
本文分析了2003～2005年半干旱区退化草地和农田下垫面近地层湍流通量日、季、年的变化特征, 探讨了不同年份的气候背景和下垫面土地覆被对地气交换过程的影响。结果表明: 半干旱区退化草地和农田近地层湍流通量具有明显的日变化、季变化周期; 地气间通量交换年际间的差异主要受当年的气候背景影响, 尤其是降水的影响; 同时还受到下垫面覆被的影响。潜热通量和感热通量的能量分配比率呈反位相变化, 且农田和退化草地的变化趋势相似, 在夏季潜热通量所占比例均超过感热通量; 两种下垫面的波恩比月均值变化趋势十分相似, 量级接近, 夏季低, 春、秋季高; 夏季退化草地和农田下垫面波恩比均小于或等于1。 相似文献
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台风“珍珠”登陆期间动量通量的多尺度分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用台风"珍珠"登陆前后的近地层湍流观测资料,分析了该台风经过观测场地前后地面气象要素的变化及其动量通量特征。结果表明,台风"珍珠"经过观测场地前后的近地层气象要素发生了急剧的变化,并且在台风前部存在强的中尺度对流系统,反映在风速能谱密度结构上,频率f在3×10-4~2×10-3Hz之间的中尺度信号对能谱的贡献比平稳天气形势下的能谱贡献大很多,尤其是顺风方向风速的能谱密度的峰值与湍流信号的峰值相当;动量通量分析结果表明,台风中心经过观测场地的前后三小时,近地层通量以向下输送的中尺度通量为主,湍流通量的贡献相对于中尺度通量较小,也是向下输送的;而在其他时段,近地层通量主要以向上输送的湍流通量为主,中尺度通量量值很小,可以忽略。 相似文献
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Dongxu YANG Yi LIU Liang FENG Jing WANG Lu YAO Zhaonan CAI Sihong ZHU Naimeng LU Daren LYU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1433-1443
Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux.Here,the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon surface fluxes inferred from dry-air CO_2 column (XCO_2) measurements by the Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite (Tan Sat) are presented.An ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation system coupled with the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model is used to optimally fit model simulations with the Tan Sat XCO_2 observations,which were retrieved using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing (IAPCAS).High posterior error reduction (30%–50%) compared with a priori fluxes indicates that assimilating satellite XCO_2 measurements provides highly effective constraints on global carbon flux estimation.Their impacts are also highlighted by significant spatiotemporal shifts in flux patterns over regions critical to the global carbon budget,such as tropical South America and China.An integrated global land carbon net flux of 6.71±0.76 Gt C yr~(-1) over12 months (May 2017–April 2018) is estimated from the Tan Sat XCO_2 data,which is generally consistent with other inversions based on satellite data,such as the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 XCO_2 retrievals.However,discrepancies were found in some regional flux estimates,particularly over the Southern Hemisphere,where there may still be uncorrected bias between satellite measurements due to the lack of independent reference observations.The results of this study provide the groundwork for further studies using current or future Tan Sat XCO_2 data together with other surfacebased and space-borne measurements to quantify biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange. 相似文献
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B. A. Kader 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1992,61(4):323-347
Methods are studied which permit one to evaluate turbulent fluxes from the results of spectral measurements in turbulent laboratory flows and an unstable atmospheric surface layer. The well known dissipation method of flux measurements, which uses spectral data related to the inertial range, is reanalyzed. New theoretical ideas and the latest experimental data are used to specify this method in cases of moderately and very strongly unstable thermal stratifications.Moreover, it is also explained how to estimate momentum and heat fluxes from data in the low frequency parts of the velocity and temperature spectra in the low frequency ranges beyond the lower limit of the inertial range. This permits one to estimate fluxes using rather simple and cheap instruments (e.g., Pilot-tubes and thermocouples in laboratory flows or cup anemometers and crude resistance thermometers in meteorological studies). The equations for flux determination are based in such cases on the recent models by Kader (1987, 1988) and Kader and Yaglom (1990, 1991) of spectral shapes at mesoscale wave numbers; these models agree quite satisfactorily with many (though not all) data of direct spectral measurements. It is shown that estimated momentum and heat fluxes in the laboratory and in an unstably stratified atmospheric surface layer obtained by the method suggested in this paper agree satisfactorily with direct flux measurements. 相似文献
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On the Significance of the Webb Correction to Fluxes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
For establishing correct mass or energy balances at the Earth's surface, detailed and correct measurements of air constituent fluxes are needed. Flux measurements obtained from the eddy covariance technique have to pass several corrections of different relevance in order to give correct flux data. One of these corrections, the Webb correction, is analysed herein from latent heat flux and CO2 flux data recorded during two field experiments. The significance of this correction for the latent heat flux data varies with the air humidity and the Bowen ratio. The correction changes the latent heat flux values only a little, but significantly (by 2 to 3%). For other air constituents (like CO2), the Webb correction is much more important (20 to 30% of the flux). 相似文献
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城市近地层湍流通量及CO2通量变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用北京325m气象塔47m高度上2006年全年连续观测获得的湍流资料,分析了北京城市近地层动量通量、感热通量、潜热通量和CO2通量的典型日变化、月平均日变化和季节变化特征。分析结果显示:动量通量具有明显的单波峰日变化特征,在15时(北京时间)左右达到最大,季节变化中春季最大,冬季次之,夏、秋季最小;感热通量和潜热通量全年变化范围分别为-92～389W.m-2和-75～376W.m-2,其日变化也表现为单波峰特征。感热通量的日变化受城市下垫面和人为热源影响,入夜后虽然降为负值,但只略小于0。阴雨天感热通量和潜热通量均很小,降雨前后有明显区别。感热和潜热最大值分别在春季3月和夏季6月,最小值都在冬季1月;城市下垫面CO2通量总表现为正值,即净排放,最大值为3.88mg.m-2.s-1,不稳定情况下最小值小于-2mg.m-2.s-1。受到人类活动的影响,CO2通量的日变化特征在工作日与周末有明显区别;由于冬季采暖,CO2通量明显大于夏季;在夜间,CO2通量受进城车辆的影响也出现高值。 相似文献
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Based on the daily precipitation data taken from 17 stations over South China during the
period of 1961--2003, a sudden change in summer extreme precipitation events over South China in the
early 1990s along with the possible mechanism connected with the anomalies of the latent heat flux
over the South China Sea and the sensible heat flux over the Indochina peninsula are examined. The
results show that both the annual and summer extreme precipitation events have obvious interdecadal
variations and have increased significantly since the early 1990s. Moreover, the latent heat flux
over the South China Sea and the sensible heat flux over the Indochina peninsula also have obvious
interdecadal variations consistent with that of the extreme precipitation, and influence different
months' extreme precipitation, respectively. Their effects are achieved by the interdecadal increases
of the strengthening convection over South China through the South China Sea Summer Monsoon. 相似文献
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利用国家自然科学基金重大项目“长江三角洲低层大气物理化学过程与生态系统的相互作用”野外观测资料，将1999年常熟稻田水稻四个不同生长期（插秧、拔节、抽穗和成熟）的太阳辐射、水汽压、气温和水平风速及降水作为简化生物圈（SiB2）模式的5个强迫变量，在合理设计模式参数的前提下，分别模拟了上述四个阶段的能量收支、CO2通量。模拟结果表明:在水稻不同生长阶段的感热、潜热和下垫面热通量占净辐射的比例不同；CO2通量的模拟结果与1996年国际稻田试验结果相似。该研究为利用自动气象站网的资料估计各站能量收支、CO2通量、土壤水分平衡、以及土壤温度廓线提供了新证据。 相似文献
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In mountainous lake areas, lake–land and mountain–valley breezes interact with each other, leading to an "extended lake breeze". These extended lake breezes can regulate and control energy and carbon cycles at different scales. Based on meteorological and turbulent fluxes data from an eddy covariance observation site at Erhai Lake in the Dali Basin,southwest China, characteristics of daytime and nighttime extended lake breezes and their impacts on energy and carbon dioxide exchange in 2015 are investigated. Lake breezes dominate during the daytime while, due to different prevailing circulations at night, there are two types of nighttime breezes. The mountain breeze from the Cangshan Mountain range leads to N1 type nighttime breeze events. When a cyclonic circulation forms and maintains in the southern part of Erhai Lake at night, its northern branch contributes to the formation of N2 type nighttime breeze events. The prevailing wind directions for daytime, N1, and N2 breeze events are southeast, west, and southeast, respectively. Daytime breeze events are more intense than N1 events and weaker than N2 events. During daytime breeze events, the lake breeze decreases the sensible heat flux(Hs) and carbon dioxide flux(FCO_2) and increases the latent heat flux(LE). During N1 breeze events, the mountain breeze decreases Hs and LE and increases FCO_2. For N2 breeze events, the southeast wind from the lake surface increases Hs and LE and decreases suppress carbon dioxide exchange. 相似文献