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1.
利用西安市市政部门2007—2012年城市内涝资料及相应时段西安城区自动气象站逐小时降雨资料,对西安城区17例内涝过程进行了时空分布特征分析,对58个内涝点内涝进行了内涝等级划分并研究了积水深度与降雨强度的关系,建立了部分内涝点积水深度与降雨量方程。结果表明:西安城市内涝点空间分布较为均匀;内涝发生频率最高为41%,最低为18%;7—8月为城市内涝发生高峰期,占年内涝总次数的70%;07:00—08:00、15:00—16:00为城市内涝日变化中两个明显的高峰时段;城市内涝按积水深度划分为微风险、低风险、中风险、高风险四个等级,其中中风险等级内涝占西安总内涝次数的45%;短时强降水是造成城市积涝的主要原因,1h和3h降雨量是积水深度的重要影响因素。 相似文献
2.
城市内涝的发生与气象条件紧密相关,强降水是致灾的关键因素。通过分析把握剑河县城降雨变化趋势,结合城区的易涝点及历史积水资料,得到内涝灾害风险的分布特征及演变规律,进一步开展气象条件致灾关键环节分析,有助于剑河县内涝灾害气象决策服务更加精细化,为加强城市灾害的应急处置和应对防范能力体系建设提供气象支撑。通过对剑河县国家气象观测站2007～2021年降水数据进行分析,剑河县城降水主要集中在4～9月,占全年降水的74.5％,该时段也是剑河县城短时强降水、大雨、暴雨的集中高发期,4～9月大雨以上量级降水出现日数呈增多趋势,近15a来1h最大降水量呈逐年波动增加趋势,且主要发生在4～9月。结合DEM数字高程数据得到的易积水路段点及历史积水内涝资料分析,当短时强降水发生时,县城易积水路段会出现不同程度的积水,当小时雨强达到20mm且未来降水持续时,有积水达到10~20cm的风险,对行人过往造成影响,需加强监测并提示相关部门注意易积水路段可能出现积水风险;小时雨强超过30mm时,有积水超过20cm的风险,对车辆及低洼路段建筑影响较大,需及时联系相关部门建议在易积水路段采取相应排水措施,避免出现积水内涝情况影响居民工作生活,同时开展公众服务建议居民注意出行安全;小时雨强超过50mm时,将出现30cm以上积水,对过往车辆及低洼段建筑影响很大,行驶车辆应当就近到安全区域暂避,避免将车辆停放在低洼易涝等危险区域,如遇严重水浸等危险情况应当立即弃车逃生。相关应急处置部门和抢险单位应当严密监视灾情,做好内涝可能引发的其他灾害应急抢险救灾工作。 相似文献
3.
TRMM卫星对青藏高原东坡一次大暴雨强降水结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用热带测雨卫星（TRMM）探测资料,NCEP、ERA-Interim再分析资料,结合C波段多普勒雷达和其他地面观测资料,研究了2013年7月21日发生在青藏高原东坡的一次大暴雨强降水结构。结果表明,高能、高湿的不稳定大气在700 hPa切变线及地面辐合线的触发下产生了此次大暴雨,降水具有明显的强对流性质。从水平结构来看,降水系统由成片的层云雨团中分散分布的多个对流性雨团组成,对流样本数远少于层云,但平均雨强是层云的4.7倍,对总降水的贡献达到25.6%;以超过10 mm/h雨强为强度标准,3个20-50 km、回波强度在45-50 dBz的β中尺度对流雨团零散地分布在主雨带中,对应 < 210 K的微波辐射亮温区和≥ 32 mm/h的地面强降水;对流降水的雨强谱集中在1-50 mm/h,其中20-30 mm/h的雨强对总雨强的贡献最大,这与中国东部降水有着显著区别,而90%的层云降水的雨强均小于10 mm/h。从垂直结构来看,对流降水云呈柱状自地面伸展,平均雨顶高度随地面雨强的增强而不断升高（5-12 km）,强降水中心区域的质心在2-6 km;降水廓线反映出强降水系统中降水主要集中在6 km以下高度范围,且降水强度在垂直方向分布不均匀,对流降水和层云降水的强度随高度升高的总趋势是趋于减弱,但在一定高度范围内,对流降水强度随高度升高而增大,并且在多个地表雨强廓线中都有体现。此外,地基雷达的探测结果也表明了强降水的低质心特点及显著的逆风区演变特征,这是对TRMM PR探测的验证和补充。 相似文献
4.
利用深圳市逐时降水和三防信息资料,运用由点到面、点面结合的方法,借助2个内涝程度截然相反的“龙舟水”过程实例,对深圳市内涝的成因进行了分析.结果得出深圳内涝既与气象因素有关,也与城市本身的排水能力、城市效应、遭遇天文高潮等方面相关.短时强降水或过程雨量偏大的降水可以直接引发深圳市内涝. 相似文献
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为提高对中小河流强降水引发山洪的预报预警能力,尽可能减少山洪灾害造成的人民生命财产损失,基于伊春市近10 a(2011-2020年)中小河流山洪灾害和对应的暴雨、短时强降水资料,分析了暴雨和短时强降水发生时的天气形势,统计了易发山洪的降水面雨量阈值。结果表明:伊春市暴雨和短时强降水发生时的天气形势主要为副高北抬阻挡低涡东移型、高空槽配合地面低压型和低涡配合地面低压型。通过雨量统计,得出6-8月易发山洪的降水面雨量阈值,6月份,同一区域48 h累计雨量达到85 mm,降水期间部分时段有短时强降水,小时雨强达到20 mm/h,并连续出现2-3 h;7月份,同一区域48 h累计雨量达到90 mm,或局地小时雨强超过30 mm/h;8月份,同一区域48 h累计雨量达到110 mm,或局地小时雨强达到30 mm/h。基于研究结果,建立了伊春市山洪预警流程。 相似文献
6.
用西安城区区域气象站降水资料,西安市区1∶10000地理信息资料,人口密度、房屋建筑面积、地均GDP等社会经济资料,采用加权综合法,从孕灾环境、致灾因子、承载体、防灾减灾能力4个方面分别进行内涝灾害的敏感性区划、危险性区划、易损性区划、防灾减灾能力区划,并使用重大内涝灾害天气过程实况资料进行临界值制定和综合分析,给出了西安城市内涝灾害区划.对已经业务化使用的“西安城市强降水内涝灾害预报预警系统”模拟的内涝积水分布情况,与内涝灾害区划的结果进行对比分析,表明加权综合法得出的西安城市内涝灾害风险指数区划较为科学、合理. 相似文献
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利用1985-2018年汛期(5-9月)豫东地区20个国家站小时降水资料和2011-2018年同期豫东地区区域自动站观测数据、NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料、高空地面观测资料等,统计分析了该区域小时雨强分别≥20mm/h、≥30mm/h和≥50mm/h的短时强降水时空分布特征,结果发现:豫东地区近34年汛期平均年降水量为458.9～577.5 mm/a,短时强降水次数为72.8次/a;2000年是短时强降水多发年份,≥20mm/h的雨强出现158次,是常年平均次数的1.17倍;主汛期的7-8月是不同强度短时强降水多发时期,34年来共计发生≥20mm/h的短时强降水1821次,占同强度短时强降水总次数(2476次)的近74.0%;在短时强降水的日变化中,05时是不同强度短时强降水多发时段,20时为次多发时段。对不同环流背景影响下短时强降水过程的水汽、动力、热力及能量等物理量作统计分析,低槽型短时强降水过程的动力条件优于其他两个类型的,850hPa涡度平均值达3.8×10~(-5)s~(-1),700hPa垂直速度平均值达-0.36 Pa·s~(-1);副高边缘型短时强降水过程不稳定能量条件优势显著,850hPa假相当位温平均值达354.1 K,500-850hPa假相当位温差的平均值达-17.80℃,K指数平均值为38.1℃、CAPE值平均值为2075.0 J·kg~(-1);而台风倒槽型短时强降水过程则在水汽输送方面更具优势,850 hPa比湿平均值为15.5g·kg~(-1),整层可降水量达70.0 mm。 相似文献
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宁夏中雨及以上降水过程气候特征统计分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961～2009年宁夏20个气象观测站逐日雨量资料,分析了近49a来宁夏中雨及以上降水过程气候统计特征。结果表明:中雨及以上降水事件自北向南依地势逐渐增多,南部黄土丘陵区比引黄灌区多2倍;中雨对过程贡献较大,暴雨事件逐渐增多;统计过程雨强,宁夏出现2.0mm/h雨强≥1.0mm/h的频次最多,雨强≥4.0mm/h出现的频次最少,4.0mm/h雨强≥3.0mm/h和雨强1.0mm/h的中雨及以上降水过程出现频次由1980年代开始逐渐增多;1961、1964、1985和1990年是宁夏中雨及以上降水过程多发的极端年份。 相似文献
10.
利用东莞城市内涝预报验证系统的积水和降雨数据、SWIFT自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料、广州雷达基本反射率资料,对2017年3月—2019年9月东莞城区内涝特征及内涝与降雨的关系进行分析,结果表明:东莞城区内涝发生频繁,重度内涝较多,内涝事件多发生在前汛期(4—6月),以5月最多;与长时间降雨相比,短时强降雨更易导致城区积水较深的内涝,1 h降雨量达27.6 mm以上时,城区大部可达中度内涝等级,1 h降雨量在51.2 mm以上时,城区大部将可能出现重度内涝;过程总雨量和1 h雨强都对长时间积水有影响,但过程总雨量较大更易导致积水长时间维持;积水一般滞后降雨约5~30 min出现,积水峰值滞后5和30 min才出现。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献