共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
提出了一个新的大气动力-热力学温湿参量——湿静力平衡温度（Ts）。它与密度温度（Tρ）有密切关系。作为Ts的应用示例,简化了积云一维时变模式垂直运动方程;提出了“载水气块”和“非载水气块”统一的新的“对流有效位能”表达式。结合实例,计算了“载水气块”和“非载水气块”两种情况下的对流有效位能（分别记作CAPEw和CAPE）以及对流抑制能量（分别记作CINw和CIN）等,“载水气块”与“非载水气块”两种情况的“对流有效位能”及“对流抑制能量”有较大差异。作为强对流天气分析预报的重要参数,目前计算对流有效位能和对流抑制能量的通用公式存在一定缺陷;在对“对流有效位能”的理解方面存在某些模糊认识和盲点。从新的观察角度对“对流有效位能”的概念做了详细分析并进一步阐明了其确切含义。新的方案同样可以方便地在T-lnp图上进行稳定度分析,并可根据新的公式对T-lnp的某些缺点进行修正。 相似文献
2.
江淮地区龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用多普勒雷达探测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2003—2010年发生在江淮地区的6个龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数进行了分析。研究表明：（1）龙卷超级单体风暴HBASE平均为1.7 km,HTOP平均为9.1 km;H多在风暴的下部,近于下部的1/4处。HBASE平均值比江淮地区各种超级单体的平均值低得多,HTOP则略低。（2）龙卷超级单体IVIL平均为25.6 kg/m2,ZMX平均为54.8 dBz。和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷IVIL要小得多,而龙卷ZMX略低。（3）龙卷超级单体的中气旋MBASE、MTOP和MSHR平均值分别为1.2 km、3.9 km和14.4×10-3s-1,和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷MBASE、MTOP明显低,而MSHR略高。（4）TVS参数最强时的VAD在12—45 m/s,VLLD多大于30 m/s,VMXD多超过30 m/s,VMXD的高度不低于0.8 km,TDPT在2.4—6.4 km,TBASE在0.7—1.5 km,TTOP在2.3—6.4 km,TMXSHR超过22×10-3s-1。TVS参数最强时间与龙卷实际时间基本吻合,平均相差4.2 min;平均而言,TVS出现后6 min有龙卷发生。（5）雷达推算的龙卷超级单体的0—6 km风垂直切变比江淮地区超级单体的风垂直切变平均值高15.2%;龙卷发生前ICAPE平均为1752 J/kg,IK为38℃,850 hPa到地面风切变平均超过12 m/s,850—500 hPa温差平均为23.7℃。龙卷发生前能量处在中等到强的状态,大气不稳定性较强,风垂直切变大。 相似文献
3.
应用Leray-Schauder非线性二择一原理研究二阶动力系统x+k2x=f(t,x)+e(t)非平凡周期解的存在性,其中0<k<π/T,f∈C((R/TZ)×RN\{0},RN)在原点具有排斥的奇性.不需要任何的强制性条件,既可以处理强奇性,也可以处理弱奇性. 相似文献
4.
传统的谣言传播模型不考虑人群评价对谣言传播的影响,但随着弹幕、评论点赞、评论排序等新机制的广泛应用,人群评论对谣言传播产生了不可忽视的影响.基于上述情况,本文提出一类新型的基于评价机制的ICST谣言传播模型,该模型将人群细化为无知者（I）、评论者（C）、传播者（S）和静默者（T）四类.在验证平衡点存在性的基础上给出了谣言传播阈值R0,并依据模型的网络结构构造李雅普诺夫函数证明平衡点的全局稳定性.最后,设计仿真算法验证了理论结果的正确性. 相似文献
5.
研究了折射率n与电子数浓度Ne及高度h之间的关系,并通过数值模拟对电子数浓度的高度剖面和折射率随高度的变化规律进行了分析.将模拟和实际观测出的频高图进行对比,发现在高电离层模拟值与实际值较相近,在低电离层则由于非线性关系及Es层存在的效应,模拟值与实际值有较大的误差. 相似文献
6.
研究了N维空间中带阻尼项的欧拉-泊松方程组的径向对称解的爆破.当方程组非奇异的经典解（ρ,u）在[0,R]上有紧支集（R>0是正常数）,且初始速度u满足一定的初值条件,借助积分法,其径向对称解会在有限时间内爆破. 相似文献
7.
在现代变分同化系统中,背景场误差协方差起着决定观测信息的空间分布特征、匹配不同变量间的关系和保证分析增量平衡的作用。基于NMC(National Meteorology Centre)方法,设计了一个新的多变量平衡约束算子:在物理变换中,构建相对湿度和其余控制变量间的平衡约束算子;同时分别采用经验正交函数方法和递归滤波器来模拟控制变量(ψ,χu,Tu,hru,psu)T的垂直误差协方差和水平误差协方差。利用2009年6月2日到8月9日间WRF模式的预报差值场,对新的背景场误差协方差进行模拟分析。单点观测试验表明,新的背景场误差协方差实现了观测信息在干湿变量之间的传递,而且相对湿度具有与温度相似的增量场分布。 相似文献
8.
将β分布推广到不完全β分布,给出了二项分布的可靠度的先验分布为不完全β分布时的一些结论,并讨论了在基于二项分布可靠性增长模型中的应用. 相似文献
9.
薛艳梅 《南京气象学院学报》2015,7(5):475-480
研究了n维α带小波紧框架的结构,给出了m个函数生成n维α带小波紧框架的充分条件,并给出构造该小波紧框架的显式算法,最后给出了构造小波紧框架的数值算例. 相似文献
10.
江淮之间夏季雨滴谱特征分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
分析了2011—2013年夏季(6—8月)滁州地基雨滴谱观测资料,根据雨强及其随时间的变化将降水分成对流降水和层云降水,分析不同降水类型的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:滁州地区对流降水的质量加权直径Dm和标准化参数lgNw的平均值分别为1.67 mm和3.91 mm-1·m-3,层云降水Dm和lgNw的平均值分别为1.18 mm和3.57 mm-1·m-3,对流降水雨滴平均尺度更大。Nw相比Γ分布参数N0能更好地反映总数浓度Nt的大小。Γ分布3参数均随雨强的增大而减小,当雨强增长到一定程度时,μ(谱型)和Λ(斜率)趋于常数。研究了μ-Λ关系和Z(反射率因子)-R(雨强)关系。对流降水和层云降水的Z-R关系分别为Z=408R1.20和Z=301R1.21。新的Z-R关系和经典Z-R关系(Z=300R1.40)反演的雨强相比实际观测值均偏小,但新的Z-R关系反演的雨强与实际观测值更接近。 相似文献
11.
Philip S. Anderson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):345-362
The empirical dependence of turbulence Prandtl number (Pr) on gradient Richardson number (Ri) is presented, derived so as to avoid the effects of self-correlation from common variables. Linear power relationships between
the underlying variables that constitute both Pr and Ri are derived empirically from flux and profile observations. Pr and Ri are then reconstructed from these power laws, to indicate their interdependence whilst avoiding self-correlation. Data are
selected according to the stability range prior to regression, and the process is iterated from neutral to higher stability
until error analysis indicates the method is no longer valid. A Butterworth function is fitted to the resulting Pr
−1(Ri) regression to give an empirical summary of the analysis. The form suggests that asymptotically Pr
−1 decreases as Ri
3/2. Scatter in the data increases above Ri ~ 1, however, indicating additional constraints to Pr are not captured by Ri alone in this high stability regime. The Butterworth function is analytic for all Ri > 0, and may be included in suitable boundary-layer parameterisation schemes where the turbulent diffusivity for heat is
derived from the turbulent diffusivity for momentum. 相似文献
12.
Andrey A. Grachev Edgar L Andreas Christopher W. Fairall Peter S. Guest P. Ola G. Persson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(2):329-341
This study focuses on the behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number, Pr
t
, in the stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) based on measurements made during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean
experiment (SHEBA). It is found that Pr
t
increases with increasing stability if Pr
t
is plotted vs. gradient Richardson number, Ri; but at the same time, Pr
t
decreases with increasing stability if Pr
t
is plotted vs. flux Richardson number, Rf, or vs. ζ = z/L. This paradoxical behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number in the SBL derives from the fact that plots of Pr
t
vs. Ri (as well as vs. Rf and ζ) for individual 1-h observations and conventional bin-averaged values of the individual quantities
have built-in correlation (or self-correlation) because of the shared variables. For independent estimates of how Pr
t
behaves in very stable stratification, Pr
t
is plotted against the bulk Richardson number; such plots have no built-in correlation. These plots based on the SHEBA data
show that, on the average, Pr
t
decreases with increasing stability and Pr
t
< 1 in the very stable case. For specific heights and stabilities, though, the turbulent Prandtl number has more complicated
behaviour in the SBL. 相似文献
13.
利用东源县和紫金县国家气象站1978-2018年的逐日气象数据,分析了河源城区高温和炎热天气特征。结果表明:河源城区总高温日数、一般高温日数和重高温日数均呈明显增加趋势,无严重高温日。总高温日数存在4~5、8~9和准15年时间尺度的周期变化。常年首次在5、6月出现高温日;高温炎热日出现次数最多在7、8月份;极端年最高气温介于36.2~39℃。炎热日数以0.26 d/年速率明显增加,同一个炎热临界值,相对湿度增大,对应的最高气温会降低。炎热日数与热岛效应强度之间存在显著性的相关关系。高温炎热过程主要受副热带高压控制、热带气旋外围下沉气流和El Niňo事件影响。 相似文献
14.
Nikki Vercauteren Elie Bou-Zeid Marc B. Parlange Ulrich Lemmin Hendrik Huwald John Selker Charles Meneveau 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,128(2):205-228
We examine the dynamics of turbulence subgrid (or sub-filter) scales over a lake surface and the implications for large-eddy
simulations (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer. The analysis is based on measurements obtained during the Lake-Atmosphere
Turbulent EXchange (LATEX) field campaign (August–October, 2006) over Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Wind velocity, temperature
and humidity profiles were measured at 20 Hz using a vertical array of four sonic anemometers and open-path gas analyzers.
The results indicate that the observed subgrid-scale statistics are very similar to those observed over land surfaces, suggesting
that the effect of the lake waves on surface-layer turbulence during LATEX is small. The measurements allowed, for the first
time, the study of subgrid-scale turbulent transport of water vapour, which is found to be well correlated with the transport
of heat, suggesting that the subgrid-scale modelling of the two scalars may be coupled to save computational resources during
LES. 相似文献
15.
鲁南汛期暴雨及其气候背景分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
统计分析了山东省枣庄1958～2005年逐日及逐月降水资料,发现20世纪50年代末期到60年代中期鲁南为多雨期,60年代中期到60年代末期有一个短暂的少雨期,70年代初中期有一个短暂的多雨期,70年代中期到90年代末期是一个较长时段的降水偏少期。2000年以后进入多雨时期,2000、2003及2005年出现局部洪涝灾害。文章引入相当暴雨日数的概念,研究了相当暴雨日数与大涝、大旱年的关系,发现大涝、大旱年的降水量更取决于汛期相当暴雨日数的多少;用相当暴雨日数和年降水量建立回归方程,在一定程度上,相当暴雨日数能很好地预测当年旱涝。 相似文献
16.
强热带风暴碧利斯造成华南持续大暴雨成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
统计分析了山东省枣庄1958～2005年逐日及逐月降水资料,发现20世纪50年代末期到60年代中期鲁南为多雨期,60年代中期到60年代末期有一个短暂的少雨期,70年代初中期有一个短暂的多雨期,70年代中期到90年代末期是一个较长时段的降水偏少期.2000年以后进入多雨时期,2000、2003及2005年出现局部洪涝灾害.文章引入相当暴雨日数的概念,研究了相当暴雨日数与大涝、大旱年的关系,发现大涝、大早年的降水量更取决于汛期相当暴雨日数的多少;用相当暴雨日数和年降水量建立回归方程,在一定程度上,相当暴雨日数能很好地预测当年旱涝. 相似文献
17.
18.
Wen Jingsong 《大气科学进展》1995,12(2):187-194
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19.
20.
Comparative energetics of ERA-40, JRA-25 and NCEP-R2 reanalysis, in the wave number domain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year Reanalysis (ERA-40), the Japan Meteorological Agency and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and Department of Energy AMIP-II Reanalysis (NCEP-R2) are intercompared through a global energetics analysis for all seasons.Overall, the Lorenz energy cycle is consistent among the three datasets. The flow of energy and the peaks and slopes in the spectra of the various components agree between the three reanalysis. Additionally, the temporal variability of the energy cycle terms shows consistency between the three reanalysis. Most differences between the three reanalysis are related to the magnitudes of energy forms and energy conversion/transfer rates at each wave number, generally following the relation ERA−40>JRA−25>NCEP−R2, and mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere. The best agreement between the three datasets is found for northern winter. Differences between the three datasets are greater for the other seasons, being greatest for northern summer. In general, these discrepancies are fairly modest, being likely due to the different model biases and resolutions, and the different data assimilation methods used by the respective reanalysis systems. The energetics of the three reanalysis become closer to each other in more recent years, which is likely due to the increase in the number of observations assimilated in the reanalysis.The NCEP-R2 reanalysis spectrum is smoother than those of ERA-40 and JRA-25, likely due to filtering and to its lower resolution model. The spectra show a rapid decrease for short waves in NCEP-R2 (n=36) and ERA-40 (n=63), as a consequence of filtering. The energy source in the nonlinear wave–wave interactions of kinetic energy, L(n), has a narrower spectral range in NCEP-R2 than in the other datasets. Energetics from the newer JRA-25 reanalysis is generally closer to that of ERA-40, with some exceptions as is the case of zonal–wave interactions of kinetic energy, M(n), for synoptic waves, or for eddy available potential energy, AE, in the lower troposphere, for which JRA-25 is closer to NCEP-R2. 相似文献