共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 126 毫秒
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邓岚 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(6):766-772
利用由定义集设计线性码的方法,通过选取新的定义集,构造了一类新的且具有2个非零重量的线性码,并以指数和为工具,确定了其重量分布.进一步,判定了所构造这类线性码是极小线性码,并研究了该类线性码在秘密共享方案中的应用. 相似文献
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根据气候跃变概念，结合主相关型和经验正交函数（ＥＯＦ）的分析，揭示了６０年代我国汛期降水、夏季气温和海表水温大规模变化的主要时空分布特征。指出不同地区和不同要素的气候跃变在时间上和强度上不太相同，海表水温的跃变先于气温和降水的跃变；夏季气温、汛期降水与１月海表水温落后两年相关密切，呈正相关关系。 相似文献
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根据灰色系统理论中的新信息优先利用原则,在灰色系统缓冲算子三公理体系下构造了新型变权弱化缓冲算子,研究了缓冲算子调节度与可变权重之间的关系.变权缓冲算子有效解决了由于传统缓冲算子不能实现作用强度的微调而导致的缓冲作用效果过强或过弱的问题.最后,通过实例说明了变权缓冲算子在控制作用强度方面的灵活性. 相似文献
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李明华 《成都气象学院学报》2000,15(3):231-236
提出了一种格形编码的正交频分复用（ＴＣ－ＯＦＤＭ）方案,研究把正交频分复用（ＯＦＤＭ）和格形编码（ＴＣＭ）有机地结合,来克服时间色散信道中的频率选择性和多径衰灌。对码率２／３格形编码的８ＤＰＳＫ－ＯＦＤＭ在时间色散信道中的误码率性能进行了分析和模拟,讨论了不同正交载波数情况下格形编码的设计。结果表明,在比特误码率ＢＥＲ为１０＾－３时采用ＴＣ－ＯＦＤＭ方案与未编码系统相比可以提供６ｄＢ的编码增益。 相似文献
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近年来,在作物产量预报、农业气候资源分析及区划等工作中,经常用到等距点正交多项式。正交多项式表,乃是进行正交多项式回归的必备工具。表中给出了 n 个 x(自变量)点上各次方幂的系数,手工计算很方便,所以不少数理统计书籍多有收录。但是,这些“表”的容量(n≤30)都很小,不能满足气候(或产量)分析的需要。 相似文献
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根据大气运动和结构的多尺度特征,提出了大气微团的多重结构模型,认为大气由不同尺度的微团以多重结构的形式组成,即大尺度微团由若干较小尺度的亚微团构成,而亚微团又由更小的微团组成.利用Navier-Stokes方程推导出亚微团的相对运动方程,在背景场处于平衡状态下推导出亚微团运动方程的平衡形式,发现该方程与电磁学的基本方程具有相同形式,并将大气轻、重两种微团与正、负离子进行了类比.根据推导出的方程对天气系统的发生、发展进行了研究,认为天气系统是由于亚微团在环境场作用下发生分离并在环境场的作用下重新组合而形成的,这一过程在初始扰动的作用下开始,在正反馈过程中不断加强并最终达到一种平衡状态;而轻、重两种亚微团之间的引力是天气系统减弱和消亡的重要原因.利用亚微团运动方程和对微团扰动速度的自转分析,推导出天气系统的诊断方程,并利用该方程对大气环境场的分布与天气系统发生的相互关系进行了诊断分析,结果表明,环境场风速的快速变化、高低空急流附近的动能梯度、环境涡度的正值区以及强风速垂直变化等因素对天气系统的形成十分有利. 相似文献
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中尺度数值模式的资料同化系统：（一）伴随模式的设计 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以一个有限区域的中尺度模式为基础,采用伴随模式技术进行有限区域气象资料的同化。伴随模式的方法是以数值天气预报的动力模式作为约束条件的变分方法,比传统的变分方法有了很大的改进。本文初步探讨了伴随模式系统的设计方法,特别是伴随模式的构造问题;用共轭码地方法导出伴随模式;初步试验表明该系统有较强的同化能力。 相似文献
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地形追随坐标系下的动力学方程组通常都要引入参考大气的概念来减少气压梯度力的计算误差.参考大气的一般取法是满足静止和静力平衡关系,实际大气被看成在参考大气上的偏差.实际大气与参考大气越接近,它们之间的偏差就越小,计算就越精确.参考大气的取法一般有等温大气、定常温度廓线、初始资料进行水平平均的垂直温度廓线等.本文在一个非静力的中尺度模式中选取经过水平平均的初始温度场的垂直廓线构造模式的参考大气廓线.但是初始资料在三维空间是离散的,这里根据三次样条函数的分段连续光滑的性质,构造了随起报时间不同而不同的,只随高度变化的解析形式的参考大气廓线.构造的参考大气廓线完全满足静力平衡关系,方程中的静力平衡部分可以得到最大限度地扣除.试验表明,与等温大气相比,这种根据初始状态选取的参考大气和实际资料更接近,在大地形附近气压梯度力的计算误差更小,500 hPa高原附近的24 h气压预报更精确. 相似文献
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天线伺服系统是CINRAD/SA天气雷达的重要组成部分,大部分组件长期处于机械运转中,且线路复杂,是雷达系统中故障率较高的部分,其中,闪码故障发生概率较大。本文对2007—2013年全国CINRAD/SA雷达站收集的68个闪码故障案例进行统计分析,结果表明,电机、旋转变压器、汇流环、轴角编码盒、光纤链路、数字控制单元等环节均有可能导致闪码。结合CINRAD/SA雷达伺服系统天线角码信号流程和关键点的参数特征,对可能导致雷达闪码故障的所有环节逐个进行分析,归纳总结出CINRAD/SA雷达出现此类故障的排查方法,并从收集的案例中选取5个典型个例展开分析。通过统计样本案例的故障归属,提出轴角闪码时检测部件的先后顺序,为各台站快速排除雷达闪码故障提供了思路,对解决其他天线伺服系统故障也有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Six state-of-the-art large-eddy simulation codes were compared in Fedorovich et al. (Preprints, 16th American Meteorological Society Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, 2004b) for three airflow configurations in order to better understand the effect of wind shear on entrainment dynamics in the convective boundary layer CBL). One such code was the University of Oklahoma large-eddy simulation (LES) code, which at the time employed a second-order leapfrog time-advancement scheme with the Asselin filter. In subsequent years, the code has been updated to use a third-order Runge–Kutta (RK3) time-advancement scheme. This study investigates what effect the upgrade from the leapfrog scheme to RK3 scheme has on turbulence statistics in the CBL differently affected by mean wind shear, also in relation to predictions by other LES codes that participated in the considered comparison exercise. In addition, the effect of changing the Courant number within the RK3 scheme is investigated by invoking the turbulence spectral analysis. Results indicate that low-order flow statistics obtained with the RK3 scheme generally match their counterparts from simulations with the leapfrog scheme rather closely. CBL growth rates due to entrainment in the shear-free case were also similar using both timestepping schemes. It was found, however, that care should be given to the choice of the Courant number value when running LES with the RK3 scheme in the sheared CBL setting. The advantages of the largest possible (based on the stability criterion) Courant number were negated by degrading the energy distribution across the turbulence spectrum. While mean profiles and low-order turbulence statistics were largely unaffected, the entrainment rate was over-predicted compared to that reported in the original code-comparison study. 相似文献
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采用球谐谱展开和方差分析方法,利用1970-2003年NCEP再分析500 hPa高度场资料和国家气候中心T63L16月动力延伸预报业务回报1982-2002年的结果,研究了T63L16模式逐日预报可预报能力的空间尺度依赖特征和对于中期预报的可预报稳定分量.分析表明,T63L16模式预报能力在总波数n上具有各向同性,其主要的误差发生在波数为5-10的天气尺度波.基于对T63L16气候模式500 hPa位势高度场球谐系数内部方差和该物理量气候外部方差之比R演变特征的分析,本文定义了模式26-40 d预报的方差比的平均作为R的临界值来定量地确定T63L16模式对不同空间尺度气象场的可预报期限,并引入波能谱为权重系数研究了模式可预报期限与纬向波数和总波数的关系.结果显示该模式的逐日可预报期限与纬向波数和总波数、以及季节均有关系.可预报期限在整体上随着空尺度的减小而逐渐缩短,但并不是纯粹的单调递减;对于纬向2波分量的可预报期限比3-5波要短,町能是由于该模式对表征东亚大槽和北美大槽的2波的刻画相对不够好.另外,对季节平均的中期预报可预报稳定分量的考察表明,就全球而言,对于提前6 d以上的预报,夏季具有的可预报稳定分量为纬向波数小于12或总波数在17以内,其他季节为纬向波数小于7或总波数小于13;对于提前11-15 d的预报,冬夏两季的可预报稳定分量为纬向波数小于5或总波数小于10,春(秋)季节为纬向波数小于3(2)或总波数不大于8(7).这为针对该尺度发展新的预报策略和方法、改进预报效果,提供了依据. 相似文献
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This paper compares the predictions by two radiative transfer models-the two-stream approximation model and the generalized layered model （developed by the authors） in land surface processes -for different canopies under direct or diffuse radiation conditions. The comparison indicates that there are significant differences between the two models, especially in the near infrared （NIR） band. Results of canopy reflectance from the two-stream model are larger than those from the generalized model. However, results of canopy absorptance from the two-stream model are larger in some cases and smaller in others compared to those from the generalized model, depending on the cases involved. In the visible （VIS） band, canopy reflectance is smaller and canopy absorptance larger from the two-stream model compared to the generalized model when the Leaf Area Index （LAI） is low and soil reflectance is high. In cases of canopies with vertical leaf angles, the differences of reflectance and absorptance in the VIS and NIR bands between the two models are especially large. Two commonly occurring cases, with which the two-stream model cannot deal accurately, are also investigated. One is for a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties; and the other is for incident sky diffuse radiation with a non-uniform distribution. Comparison of the generalized model within the same canopy for both uniform and non-uniform incident diffuse radiation inputs shows smaller differences in general. However, there is a measurable difference between these radiation inputs for a canopy with high leaf angle. This indicates that the application of the two-stream model to a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties will introduce non-negligible errors. 相似文献
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This paper compares the predictions by two radiative transfer models-the two-stream approximation model and the generalized layered model (developed by the authors) in land surface processes-for different canopies under direct or diffuse radiation conditions. The comparison indicates that there are significant differences between the two models, especially in the near infrared (NIR) band. Results of canopy reflectance from the two-stream model are larger than those from the generalized model. However, results of canopy absorptance from the two-stream model are larger in some cases and smaller in others compared to those from the generalized model, depending on the cases involved. In the visible (VIS) band, canopy reflectance is smaller and canopy absorptance larger from the two-stream model compared to the generalized model when the Leaf Area Index (LAI) is low and soil reflectance is high. In cases of canopies with vertical leaf angles, the differences of reflectance and absorptance in the VIS and NIR bands between the two models are especially large.Two commonly occurring cases, with which the two-stream model cannot deal accurately, are also investigated. One is for a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties; and the other is for incident sky diffuse radiation with a non-uniform distribution. Comparison of the generalized model within the same canopy for both uniform and non-uniform incident diffuse radiation inputs shows smaller differences in general. However, there is a measurable difference between these radiation inputs for a canopy with high leaf angle. This indicates that the application of the two-stream model to a canopy with different adaxial and abaxial leaf optical properties will introduce non-negligible errors. 相似文献
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The present paper describes the quality-control component of an automatic procedure (APACH: A Procedure for Automated Quality Control and Homogenization of Weather Station Data) developed to control quality and homogenize the historical daily temperature and precipitation data from meteorological stations. The quality-control method is based on a set of decision-tree algorithms analyzing separately precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature. All our tests are non-parametric and therefore are potentially useful in regions or countries presenting different climates as those observed in Argentina. The method is applied to the 1959–2005 historical daily database of the Argentine National Weather Service. Our results are coherent with the history of the Weather Service and more specifically with the history of implementation of systematized quality control processes. In temperature, our method detects a larger number of suspect values before 1967 (when there was no quality control) and after 1997 (when only real-time quality control had been applied). In precipitation, the detection of error in extreme precipitations is complex, but our method clearly detected a strong decrease in the number of potential outliers after 1976 when the National Weather Service was militarized, and the network was strongly reduced, focusing more on airport weather stations. Also in precipitation, we analyze in detail the long dry sequences and are able to identify potential long erroneous sequences. This is important for the use of the data for hydrological or agricultural impact studies. Finally, all the data are flagged with codes representing the path followed by the record in our decision-tree algorithms. While each code is associated to one of the categories (“Useful”, “Need-Check”, “Doubtful” or “Suspect”), the final user is free to redefine such category-assignment. 相似文献
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根据新时代科学基金改革要求,2020年国家自然科学基金委员会调整了大气科学学科申请代码,D0505大气物理学是分支学科板块中的二级申请代码之一。本文介绍了D0505大气物理学二级申请代码的总体框架和下设的边界层大气物理学与大气湍流、云降水物理学、气溶胶物理及气溶胶—云相互作用、大气光学与大气辐射、大气电学与大气声学和中高层大气物理学等6个研究方向及其关键词,指出D0505与其他相关二级申请代码的异同,并统计分析了近5年（2017～2021年）科睿唯安Web of Science数据库上不同方向关键词对应的文献发表情况,探讨了不同研究方向的发展态势。通过系统梳理研究方向及关键词,有助于科研人员在项目申请过程中准确的选择申请代码、研究方向和关键词,提升智能辅助指派效率。 相似文献