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我国气象卫星及应用发展与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
截止到2008年6月底,我国已成功发射了4颗风云一号极轨气象卫星、1颗风云三号极轨气象卫星和4颗风云二号静止气象卫星.目前,风云一号D星、风云二号C和D星在轨业务运行,风云三号A星正在在轨测试中.我国的气象卫星已初步实现了业务化、系列化,率先实现了国防科工委提出的我国遥感卫星从试验应用型向业务服务型转变的目标.同时,我国也已成为世界上同时拥有极轨和静止两个系列气象卫星的3个国家或国家集团之一.世界气象组织已将风云一号系列、风云二号系列和风云三号系列卫星纳入全球业务应用气象卫星序列,使我国风云卫星成为全球综合地球观测系统的重要成员.我国气象卫星在我国国民经济建设和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,也为区域,乃至全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献.回顾了我国气象卫星及地面应用系统的发展历程,简要总结了我国气象卫星应用所取得的重要成绩,同时对未来我国气象卫星的发展趋势和发展目标等进行了展望. 相似文献
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随着气象卫星技术的发展,卫星观测能力不断提升,全球气象卫星观测体系逐步形成。美国、欧洲和中国都建立了极轨和静止气象卫星观测系统,日本、韩国等国家也拥有各自的气象卫星。与卫星发展初期相比,现在的气象卫星在空间分辨率、时间分辨率、光谱分辨率以及波段覆盖范围等方面都有了极大的提高。与之相伴,气象卫星遥感资料应用也取得了长足的进步。卫星应用领域不断拓展,新的资料处理方法不断涌现,数据使用也完成了从定性向定量的跨越。本文将在总结目前气象卫星遥感载荷观测能力的基础上,着重介绍卫星资料在天气分析、环境灾害监测以及气候变化研究方面的应用。 相似文献
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我国气象卫星的现状及未来 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1960年4月1日美国第一颗气象卫星TIROS-1的发射升空,标志着大气探测科学技术进入了现代化空间遥感阶段。40多年来已有美国、日本、前苏联、中国、欧洲空间局、印度等国家研制或发射了极轨和静止气象卫星。目前,中国气象卫星已经成为世界气象卫星网络中的重要成员。1969年初,周恩来总理首次提出:“一要接收利用国外卫星发送的资料,二要搞我们自己的气象卫星”。遵照周总理的指示,中国气象科技工作者在短短的30多年里,使中国的卫星气象事业从无到有,从小到大。至今,已发展成为世界上第二个同时拥有极轨和静止气象卫星的国家。我国现有两颗极… 相似文献
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风云三号气象卫星的特点和作用 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
风云三号（FY-3）是中国第二代极轨气象卫星，在功能和技术上比第一代极轨气象卫星风云一号向前跨进了一大步。它将进行三维大气探测，大幅度提高全球资料获取能力，进一步提高云区、地表和海表的遥感能力。风云三号第一颗星的技术状态目前已大致确定，卫星正在研制中。文章介绍并分析了该卫星及其所载遥感仪器的性能、特点和水平，对于风云三号在我国天气预报、气候预测以及自然灾害和环境监测等方面将发挥的作用也进行了简要的论述。 相似文献
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我国气象卫星的发展与应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文介绍了风云系列气象卫星的现状,从观测内容、技术水平、业务运行、数据共享、应用等多个方面比较了国际和中国气象卫星的发展状况,并且提出了我国为提高气象卫星应用水平应该做的工作。经过四十多年的努力,我国已经成功地发展了风云一号、三号极轨和风云二号静止两个系列的气象卫星,并实现了业务化。从气象卫星获取的大气和地表信息,已被广泛应用于天气预报、气候预报、环境和自然灾害监测、农业等多个国民经济领域,为国家经济发展、社会进步做出了贡献。风云气象卫星不仅提供数据直接分发广播,而且通过Internet网络与用户广泛共享;不仅提供云图和观测数据,还提供大量的定量产品。但是风云气象卫星的定量产品精度不够高,影响了使用效果,我国气象卫星资料和产品进入数值预报模式的工作进展缓慢,基层台站预报人员对风云气象卫星云图的判读和应用水平不够高。提高卫星观测仪器的研发水平,做好数据预处理、处理、同化方面所涉及的基础理论研究工作,从根本上提高数据应用的水平是当务之急。 相似文献
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“风云三号卫星产品在新疆荒漠化监测评价中的应用”项目组 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(4):F0002-F0002
立项背景 2008年5月27日,FY-3A星成功发射。风云三号（FY-3）卫星是我国第二代极轨气象卫星,其第一颗星FY-3A搭载了可见光红外扫描辐射计、中分辨率光涪成像仪、微波成像仪等11个有效载荷,可以对全球天气和环境实现全天候、三维、定量、多光谱遥感。与上一代极轨气象卫星相比,FY-3A新增了10个有效载荷, 相似文献
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1引言近年来,随着气象卫星技术的发展,卫星地面系统也随之更新发展。风云三号极轨卫星地面接收系统是我国新一代的气象卫星地面系统,以接收风云三号卫星数据为主,并能够兼容接收WMO卫星数据。同时将所接收到的数据集中处理并分发。系统中存在多个控制机房且相距较远．目前尚无统一的标准对机房进行远程控制或远程机房应用。本文根据历年来遇到的同类问题的处置经验进行总结规划．并结合现有成熟光电技术设计实践安全改造方案,形成一套具有良好发展前景的远程机房技术应用方案。 相似文献
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Following the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery. 相似文献
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FY-3D极轨气象卫星作为最新一代的极地轨道气象卫星,其图像数据包含了丰富的植被、河流、山区等地表信息,对陆地资源调查、地表类型变化监测等具有重要作用。但几乎每轨遥感图像大约有2/3区域都被云雾覆盖,无法直接获取云层下的地表信息用于产品应用。本文研究晴空数据合成技术,首次提出反射率最小合成法、植被指数最大合成法和西格玛合成法的3个标准联合运用的晴空合成技术,利用先进的多时次气象卫星遥感数据合成技术,自动生成FY-3D中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI-II)250m分辨率晴空遥感数据,较好地实现了云和云阴影的去除,生成的晴空效果良好,具备了后续应用的价值。 相似文献
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Review and Development on the Studies of Chinese Meteorological Satellite and Satellite Meteorology 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meteorological satellite and satellite meteorology are the fastest developing new branches in the atmospheric sciences. Today the meteorological satellite has become a key element in the global atmospheric sounding system while the satellite meteorology is covering the main components of earth's system science. This article describes the major achievements that China has made in these fields in the past 30 years. The following contents are involved: (1) History and present status of China's meteorological satellites. It covers the development, launch, operation, technical parameters of China's polar and geostationary meteorological satellites. (2) Major achievements on remote sensing principle and method. It describes the retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, cloud character retrieval, aerosol character retrieval, precipitation retrieval as well as the generation of cloud wind. (3) Achievement on the studies of meteorological satellite data application. This part covers the applications of meteorological satellite data to weather analysis and forecast, numerical forecast, climate monitoring, and prediction of short-term climate change. Besides, the new results on data assimilation, climate monitoring, and forecast are also included. 相似文献
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This study introduces some innovations in the data processing algorithm for Chinese FY meteorological satellites. Issues about satellite image navigation, radiation calibration, and data assimilation are discussed.
A time series of the earth＇s disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle （β） subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth＇s disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared （IR） bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody （IBB） measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite＇s IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
A time series of the earth＇s disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle （β） subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth＇s disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared （IR） bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody （IBB） measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite＇s IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
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风云三号系列气象卫星使用8025～8400 MHz频段将卫星探测数据传输给地面，该频段还有其它系统在使用，极易干扰风云三号气象卫星星地通讯，影响数据传输。目前，在该频段开展的兼容性分析研究工作中，所采取的系统关键特性参数和干扰保护限值大多数是直接引用国际电联相关建议书，没有对被干扰系统做干扰门限的精细计算，导致协调评估结果不准确，这也给该段频谱的协调使用和精细化管理等工作留下了很多潜在隐患。研究了卫星系统集总和单入干扰门限的计算方法，并根据风云三号卫星数据传输链路实际特性参数，分别得出其长期和短期集总干扰门限，并进一步研究得到来自空间长期和短期单入干扰协调门限，以及来自地面的长期和短期单入干扰协调门限，这些门限直接应用于风云三号气象卫星的频谱兼容性研究和频率协调，提高协调效率和协调精度。 相似文献
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卫星空间位置部署调整过程中,新旧卫星业务的切换期间,卫星观测业务服务的暂停是不可避免的。随着气象卫星应用范围的扩大和服务需求的增多,卫星布局调整过程中保证业务服务不中断、业务质量不降低成为卫星业务管理的迫切需求。根据风云二号卫星和地面应用系统的业务体系和技术特点,研究了双星共轨工作的技术条件和业务影响,提出利用双星共轨技术实现新旧卫星更替时业务无缝切换的方案。采用双星共轨技术和业务无缝切换方法实现了风云二号卫星D、E、F、G的业务布局调整,达到了卫星业务不中断、业务质量不降低的目标。 相似文献