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1.
"02.6"陕南大暴雨的结构及成因分析 总被引：10，自引：9，他引：10
通过诊断分析发现:(1)“02.6”强降水与6月上旬越赤道气流和季风爆发密切相关,携带大量水汽的偏南气流与冷空气于6月8日交汇在西北地区东部,导致了这次强降水的发生;(2)与暴雨区相联系,存在横越低空急流的经向垂直环流,暴雨区处于该垂直环流的上升支;(3)偏南和偏东气流水汽通道在西北地区东部交汇,水汽的辐合积聚主要在对流层低层和行星边界层内完成;(4)整层的视热源高值区在暴雨区附近呈东北—西南向分布,与切变线走向非常一致,降水产生的凝结潜热释放是强降水区大气的主要热源。同时,在大尺度上升运动区中低层存在一个条件对称不稳定建立的机制,使得在暴雨区,既存在深厚的热力不稳定机制,又存在水汽输入机制和热力不稳定的触发机制,从而形成强暴雨。 相似文献
2.
1804号台风"艾云尼"给广州带来了近10年最强的台风降水,对期间主要出现的两次强度明显不同的强降水过程的成因进行了对比分析,结果表明:(1)第1段强降水主要是受"艾云尼"外围环流影响,第2段转受其本体环流影响,深厚的低空急流为强降水的产生提供了较好的水汽和不稳定能量条件;(2)第2段强降水过程高低空辐散辐合强度均增大到第1段过程的1.5倍以上,为第2段强降水的增强提供了更好的动力条件;(3)第2段强降水过程水汽通量及辐合强度较第1段明显增强,为降水的增强提供了更好的水汽条件;(4)强的θse平流输送及其随高度的减弱是不稳定能量维持的重要原因. 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP/NCAR每日4次全球再分析1°×1°网格资料,计算了2007年7月18日河北南部暴雨过程的水汽通量、视热源(Q1)和视水汽汇(Q2),分析了降水区热量和水汽收支的变化,并探讨了其垂直分布特征.结果表明:本次暴雨过程是由沿低涡切变线相继生成并强烈发展的中尺度对流云团造成的;当有强对流发生并伴有强降水时,就会有强的视热源Q1和视水汽汇Q2出现,且与强降水区基本对应,对流层上半部的相对冷层为暴雨区上空积云对流提供了极为有利的热力不稳定条件. 相似文献
4.
《气象》2021,(4)
利用2007—2017年5—9月四川盆地84个国家自动站逐小时观测资料和时间间隔6 h的ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了四川盆地不同强度短时强降水发生发展所需的热力、水汽和垂直风切变等条件,并对不同强度短时强降水的环境物理量特征进行了对比。结果表明,极端短时强降水的抬升凝结高度、自由对流高度和平衡高度(EL)均高于普通短时强降水,EL可以较好地区分极端短时强降水和普通短时强降水,约75%的极端短时强降水和普通短时强降水分别发生在EL高于258.6和658.2 hPa的环境下。极端短时强降水的对流有效位能(CAPE)和对流抑制能量值同样高于普通短时强降水,约50%的极端短时强降水和普通短时强降水的CAPE值分别高于792.5和451.9 J·kg~(-1)。不同强度短时强降水的850和500 hPa假相当位温差(θ_(se850)-θ_(se500))差异显著,极端短时强降水的θ_(se850)-θ_(se500)数值明显高于普通短时强降水,10℃可做为区分二者的参考阈值。约50%的短时强降水大气整层可降水量(PW)超过58 mm,不同强度短时强降水的PW差异不明显,但极端短时强降水具有较为明显的上干下湿垂直分布特征。垂直风切变和上升运动对四川盆地不同强度短时强降水的区分没有明确的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
湘北特大致洪暴雨的中尺度分析及数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用地面加密观测资料、卫星云图和长沙多普勒天气雷达资料,结合GRAPES_Meso中尺度数值模式模拟结果,对2010年7月8—9日湘北特大致洪暴雨过程进行综合分析。此次大暴雨过程形成的环境条件是低层切变线维持并诱发出地面风场辐合线,产生强烈的垂直上升运动,配合丰沛的水汽输送和高不稳定能量释放。造成局地强降水成因有:（1） 两个β中尺度强对流云团发展合并加强且停滞少动;（2） 在暴雨旺盛阶段,岳阳临湘强降水区的假相当位温θse线呈“ ”型结构,低层的假相当位温348线呈暖舌,向上伸展到630 hPa左右,而高层θse为向下凹的“漏斗”形状,这种层结热力结构不稳定强,非常有利于对流运动,很容易触发大暴雨发生;（3） 观测结果表明其维持机制是大暴雨发生在带状长回波带内,超过50 dbz的雷达回波强度稳定少动维持近4 h,导致强降水的持续性。 相似文献
6.
利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料和WRF中尺度数值模式对2006年7月2-3日豫北区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并用模拟结果对该过程作中尺度分析.结果表明:暴雨中尺度系统发展和维持期间,基本上是强涡度区对应强辐合区,使得垂直对流运动发生发展,为强降水发生和持续提供了动力条件;θse值大小和实况降水强弱演变对应关系很好,θse值越大,实况降水越强,反之,实况降水越弱;豫北地区出现强降水时,水汽通量中心位于豫南且分布在西南急流轴上,豫中南部始终维持一条明显的水汽输送带,水汽被源源不断地输送到豫北地区;豫北地区处于明显的水汽辐合区,强辐合区有一自西向东的移动过程,与实况强降水过程演变趋势一致;大暴雨区域上空从低层到对流层顶层垂直螺旋度均为正值,且强降水时段与螺旋度最强时段对应关系很好,降水峰值与正螺旋度中心出现时间吻合. 相似文献
7.
《贵州气象》2015,(4)
运用Micaps常规气象资料,从FY2E卫星水汽图像干湿特征等方面对2014年4月14—17日发生在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市一次强降水过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:1此次降水过程中,水汽带内有一条θse脊轴,其形状和范围与水汽带基本一致,水汽带所在的区域是一个深厚的湿区,低层有高θse脊轴维持,说明来自低纬的暖湿气流出现在水汽带下方,有利于大气层结不稳定出现,由于对流层中高层的干侵入存在,水汽带内部的θse比外部高5~10℃。2此次降水过程中水汽带范围内具有较明显的垂直上升运动,水汽带位置与200 h Pa正散度、负涡度区和垂直速度上升运动区有较好的对应关系,西侧边界与对流层上层的负涡度带近于平行,暗区的位置出现了很强的正涡度带。 相似文献
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9.
衢州"6.24"区域性大暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析2003年6月23～24日衢州大暴雨环流背景、物理量场特征及其分布,表明水汽、热力条件在降水开始前有明显的反映:23日08时850 hPa衢州地区已处在水汽通量散度负值中心边缘;20时500hPa相对湿度＞85%;同时位于θse500-θse850≤-5℃的强位势不稳定区域的北缘及假相当位温场密集带的南侧;23日08～20时本站K指数持续上升.结合数值预报产品,发现强降水落区发生在降水前期的高能舌北部能量锋区边缘与日本传真图FXFE572狭窄的湿区、FXFE782垂直速度中心三者相重叠的区域内. 相似文献
10.
本文使用常规观测资料、四川省自动站降水资料、0.1°×0.1°的FY－2E云顶亮温资料和1°×1°的NCEP再分析格点资料对2012年7月20～23日四川东部强降水过程的主要影响系统、水汽源地、动力、热力条件等进行诊断分析,结果表明:(1)本次暴雨过程中伴有500hPa高空槽东移至四川并向南加深发展,槽后冷空气与槽前暖湿气流在四川汇合,低层有低涡发展,配以高低空急流耦合的有利形势;(2)暴雨前期水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾,随着南海台风西进,其外围偏东气流向西输送增强,西南暖湿气流北上受到抑制,使得雨带南压;(3)降水以对流性降水为主,暴雨期间水汽凝结潜热在对流层中低层起主要作用,强上升运动将低层的潜热加热向上输送,形成高空的热源中心,强降水期间大气的加热是与大气的垂直上升运动密切相关的;在本次暴雨过程垂直输送项是视热源Q1和视水汽汇Q2的主要贡献者,尤其是在强降水阶段;(4)在低涡在发展阶段,低层正涡度局地变化项首先得到发展,在低涡减弱阶段,正涡度局地变化项的峰值中心由低层向中低层抬升;(5)中尺度对流系统与小时降水分布一致,MCS的发展是触发降水的重要因素之一。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献