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1.
利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡 (简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验。模拟中 ,输入纬向风QBO的值 ,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布 ,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比。在第I部分HALOE资料分析的基础上 ,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡 ,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系。结果表明 :模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致 ,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下 ,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡 ;与臭氧的QBO比较 ,发现在2 8km以下 ,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相 ,而在 2 8km以上 ,它们则是反位相 ,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合。文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析 ,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性  相似文献   

2.
郑彬  陈月娟  张弘 《大气科学》2003,27(6):1007-1017
利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡(简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验.模拟中,输入纬向风QBO的值,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比.在第Ⅰ部分HALOE资料分析的基础上,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系.结果表明:模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡;与臭氧的QBO比较,发现在28 km以下,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相,而在28 km以上,它们则是反位相,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合.文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性.  相似文献   

3.
王春晓  田文寿 《大气科学》2017,41(2):275-288
利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪(MLS)资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳(CO)体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡(QBO)在30 hPa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 hPa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 hPa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。  相似文献   

4.
平流层准两年周期振荡对CH4双峰的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
分析了1992~2001年1月HALOE(卤素掩星试验装置)的CH4资料,研究了CH4的多年平均分布,结果表明:CH4混合比在平流层下层较大,向上迅速减小.同时,中纬度与热带CH4混合比的等压面梯度也随着高度逐渐减小,甚至在平流层顶附近和平流层上层形成双峰,这在北半球的春夏季特别明显.作者用NCAR的SOCRTAES二维模式的模拟结果来分析CH4混合比在平流层顶和平流层上层形成双峰的机理.模式作了以下两个模拟,其一为没有热带纬向风场QBO(准两年振荡)的状况,其二为加入QBO强迫后的模拟.结果发现QBO引起的余差环流对CH4混合比在热带和副热带平流层顶和平流层上层的输送是影响CH4双峰的一个主要原因.  相似文献   

5.
北半球冬季行星波的传播及其输运作用   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
利用变换欧拉平均方程讨论了行星波动力学。观测和模拟结果都表明,在北半球冬季准定常行星波的经向传播存在两支波导。一支为高纬度波导,另一支则为低纬度波导。这些结果与理论分析相当一致。通过对EP通量进一步的研究表明,平流层爆发性增温是沿高纬度波导传播的异常行星波与平均气流相互作用的结果。而热带风场的准两年周期振荡(QBO)是低纬度平流层下层大气纬向平均流的一个重要年际变化,它可以影响行星波沿低纬度波导的传播;此外,由一个行星波一平均流耦合模式模拟的结果表明,这个热带风场的变化还可以通过波流相互作用调制行星波沿高纬度波导的传播。 行星波对臭氧的输运作用在文中也进行了分析。行星波强迫出的剩余平均环流表明,耗散的行星波有强的输运作用;向北的涡动热量输送可以强迫出一个正的输运环流,其在低纬度上升并在高纬度下沉。同时研究还表明,热带风场的QBO对行星波传播的调制对输运环流也有重要影响,模式结果表明,在QBO的东风位相期间行星波引起的输运作用明显增强,其结果可用于解释平流层高纬度臭氧的年际变化。  相似文献   

6.
平流层准两年振荡(QBO)是赤道平流层(~100-1 hPa)变率的主要模态,可对中高纬地区的环流产生重要影响,但目前利用通用大气环流模式(GCM)对其进行准确模拟仍然是一个挑战.本文利用IAP大气环流模式(IAP-AGCM)的中高层大气模式版本(IAP-AGCML69)对QBO进行模拟,并对其动量收支情况进行分析.研究发现,QBO主要是由对流活动引起的重力波强迫(参数化)引起的,但该动量强迫被平流层赤道上升流所引起的平流过程显著削弱.模式可分辨尺度的波动强迫对赤道上空的QBO的总纬向风倾向有正贡献,在上平流层,其量值大小与参数化的重力波强迫相当.以上结果提供了对QBO形成机制以及模式模拟差异可能原因的认识.  相似文献   

7.
陈文  黄荣辉 《大气科学进展》2002,19(6):1113-1126
利用变换欧拉平均方程讨论了行星波动力学,观测和模拟结果都表明,在北半球冬季准定常行星波的经向传播存在两支波导。一支为高纬度波导,另一支则为低纬度波导。这些结果与理论分析相当一致。通过对EP通量进一步的研究表明,平流层爆发性增温是沿高纬度波导传播的异常行星波与平均气流相互作用的结果。而热带风场的准两年周期振荡(QBO)是低纬度平流层下层大气纬向平均流的一个重要年际变化,它可以影响行星波沿低纬度波导的传播;此外,由一个行星波-平均流耦合模式模拟的结果表明,这个热带风场的变化还可以通过波流相互作用调制行星波沿高纬度波导的传播。行星波对臭氧的输运作用在中也进行了分析,行星波强迫出的剩余平均环流表明,耗散的行星波有强的输运作用;向北的涡动热量输送可以强迫出一个正的输运环流,其在低纬度上升并在高纬度下沉。同时研究还表明,热带风场的QBO对行星波传播的调制对输运环流也有重要影响,模式结果表明,在QBO的东风位相期间行星波引起的输运作用明显增强,其结果可用于解释平流层高纬度臭氧的年际变化。  相似文献   

8.
热带平流层臭氧准两年周期振荡的特征及数值模拟   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19  
利用HALOE的观测资料、对热带地区平流层臭氧垂直分布的年际变化及其准两年周期振荡(QBO)进行研究,并同赤道上空平均的纬向风场的准两年周期振荡进行了模拟研究。资料分析结果表明,平流层臭氧浓度高值区的位置在南北方向上和垂直方向上的有明显的准两年周期,臭氧浓度高值中心的南北移动和上下移动又引起局地臭氧总量的周期性变化和准两年周期振荡南北半球不对称。而臭氧浓度中心位置的准两年周期变化与赤道上空平均纬向风的准两年周期振荡密切相关。资料分析还表明,赤道上空平流层中臭氧浓度QBO的位相随高度变化多次。模拟试验表明,纬向风QBO引起垂直经圈环流的变化,在平流层有三对余差环流圈。它们对O3在不同纬度和高度的输送是引起O3准两年周期振荡的重要动力原因。其中,余差环流在平流层中层(25-35km)的环流圈起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
平流程准两年振荡(QBO)是赤道平流层(~100-1 hPa)变率的主要模态,可对中高纬地区的环流产生重要影响,但目前利用通用大气环流模式(GCM)对其进行准确模拟仍然是一个挑战.本文利用IAP大气环流模式(IAP-AGCM)的中高层大气模式版本(IAP-AGCML69)对QBO进行模拟,并对其动量收支情况进行分析.研究发现,QBO主要是由对流活动引起的重力波强迫(参数化)引起的,但该动量强迫被平流层赤道上升流所引起的平流过程显著削弱.模式可分辨尺度的波动强迫对赤道上空的QBO的总纬向风倾向有正贡献,在上平流层,其量值大小与参数化的重力波强迫相当.以上结果提供了QBO形成机制以及模式模拟差异可能原因的认识.  相似文献   

10.
使用国家气候中心大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.1的30年模拟试验资料,对平流层纬向环流场、高空急流、极涡及爆发性增温过程进行了数值模拟研究,并使用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)的再分析资料对模式输出结果进行了对比、分析。结果表明:(1) 在观测海温、二氧化碳、气溶胶等外强迫地驱动下,BCC模式能够很好地再现出与再分析资料一致的平流层纬向平均风场、温度场的分布特征和季节变化过程;模拟得到的温度廓线和高空急流与再分析资料的主要差别出现在南、北半球冬季的中高纬度地区;模拟得到的平流层温度普遍偏低,主要的差异位于对流层顶区域和平流层高层。(2) 模拟的对流层上层的副热带急流位置偏南、强度也偏弱,而平流层中的绕极极夜急流则位置偏北、强度更大。这样的急流分布特征使模拟的行星波向赤道的波导更强,向极的波导偏弱;同时由于模式中本身可以形成的行星波就比再分析资料弱,因此导致模拟结果中北半球冬季的平流层极涡更加稳定、极区温度更低。(3) BCC模式对于平流层极涡的季节变化特征模拟得较好,但对强极涡扰动过程,即北半球冬季的平流层爆发性增温(SSW)事件则模拟效果不佳,不论是增温事件出现的频率,还是增温的时间、强度,模拟结果和再分析资料都还存在一定偏差,需要在今后的工作中逐步改善。  相似文献   

11.
1. Introduction The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the mean zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere was discov- ered by Reed et al. (1961) and Veryard and Ebdon (1961). Later, Funk and Garnham (1962) and Ra- manathan (1963) were the first to descri…  相似文献   

12.
A global two-dimensional (altitude-latitude) chemistry transport model is used to follow the changes in the tropospheric distribution of the two major radiatively active trace gases, methane and ozone, following step changes to the sustained emissions of the short-lived trace gases methane, carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons. The radiative impacts were dependent on the latitude chosen for the applied change in emissions. Step change global warming potentials (GWPs) were derived for a range of short-lived trace gases to describe their time-integrated radiative forcing impacts for unit emissions relative to that of carbon dioxide. The GWPs show that the tropospheric chemistry of the hydrocarbons can produce significant indirect radiative impacts through changing the tropospheric distributions of hydroxyl radicals, methane and ozone. For aircraft, the indirect radiative forcing impact of the NO x emissions appears to be greater than that from their carbon dioxide emissions. Quantitative results from this two-dimensional model study must, however, be viewed against the known inadequacies of zonally-averaged models and their poor representation of many important tropospheric processes.  相似文献   

13.
Temperature trends in the upper stratosphere are investigated using satellite measurements from Stratospheric Sounding Unit(SSU) outputs and simulations from chemistry–climate models(CCMs) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). Observational evidence shows a lack of cooling in the Antarctic, in contrast to strong cooling at other latitudes, during austral winter over 1979–97. Analysis of CCM simulations for a longer period of1961–97 also shows a significant contrast in the...  相似文献   

14.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF QBO IN OZONE   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
In this paper, a two-dimensional primitive equation model, coupling dynamical, radiative andphotochemical processes, is used to simulate the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in ozone. TheQBO in total ozone has been successfully simulated when the forcing of equatorial stratosphericQBO in zonal wind is imposed. The simulated characters of QBO in ozone are in close agreementwith those observed. We further analyzed the mechanism of formation and maintenance of QBO inozone. In the different phases of QBO in equatorial stratospheric wind field, the global circulationhas so great difference that it makes the effects of advection transfer and eddy transfer present aquasi-biennial periodical variation. Chemical effect and dynamical effect are basically out-of-phase.They together form and maintain the QBO in ozone. Total variation rate is a tiny difference of thetwo large amounts. At the lower level of middle-high latitudes, however, it has a phase differenceof about 1-2 months between dynamical and negative chemical effects, where the dynamical effectis comparatively greater. QBO in ozone has no clear counter effects on atmospheric circulation. The experiment resultsshow that the effects of QBO in ozone on temperature field and wind field are very small.  相似文献   

15.
The trace gases (O3, HCl, CH4, H2O, NO, NO2) in the stratosphere play an important role, not only in the photochemical processes in which the ozone layer destroyed, but also in the radiative processes. In this paper, we review the works on the distribution and variation of the trace gases in the stratosphere and their impact on climate, which have been carried out at the University of Science and Technology of China in the recent 20 years. The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) data were used to analyse the distribution and variation of the mixing ratio of these trace gases and the temperature trends in the stratosphere in the most recent decade. And the reanalyzed National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/NCAR data were also used to give the temperature trends and compared with the results from HALOE data. Numerical simulations were also carried out to study the impact of ozone depletion on the global climate. In this review, the distributions of the trace gases, especially those over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, are discussed, and the variations and trends for the trace gases in various levels in the stratosphere have been given for the most recent decade. The temperature variation and the cooling trend obtained from HALOE data in the middle and lower stratosphere for the last 13 years are significant, which agree well with the results from NCEP/NCAR data. While the temperature trend in the upper stratosphere in this period do not seem to have much cooling. The numerical simulations show that either the Antarctic ozone hole or the ozone valley over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau affect not only the temperature and circulation in the stratosphere, but also the temperature, pressure and wind fields in the troposphere, then lead to the global climate change.  相似文献   

16.
平流层臭氧季节变化的动力和光化学作用之比较   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
施春华  陈月娟  郑彬 《大气科学》2010,34(2):399-406
1992年到2005年的HALOE资料显示, 在臭氧光化损耗中, ClOx 和NOx 的贡献大小和作用位置有所差异。SOCRATES3模式模拟表明, 两半球夏季高纬极区的臭氧减少, 主要是NOx的化学贡献; 北极春季和南极冬季副极地臭氧的变化, 主要是动力输送引起。南、北极春季臭氧减少的化学机制也有所不同, 南极春季的臭氧耗损包括极区内ClOx 的异相化学作用和副极区NOx的化学作用; 北极春季的臭氧耗损主要以NOx 和ClOx 的气相化学作用为主, 其中NOx 的作用更大。动力和光化学在臭氧变化中的贡献表明, 整个中低平流层及低纬平流层高层的动力输送贡献可达到45%, 而高纬平流层中上层, 化学作用贡献在65%以上。  相似文献   

17.
This paper describes a diagnostic study of the feedback mechanism in greenhouse effects of increased CO_2 and oth-er trace gases(CH_4,N_2O and CFCs),simulated by general circulation model.The study is based on two sensitivity exper-iments for doubled CO_2 and the inclusion of other trace gases,respectively,using version one of the community climatemodel(CCM1)developed at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research.A one-dimensional(1-D)and atwo-dimensional(2-D)radiative-convective models are used to diagnose the feedback effect.It shows that thefeedback factors in global and annual mean conditions are in the sequence of surface albedo,water vapor amount,watervapor distribution,cloud height,critical lapse rate and cloud cover,while in zonal and annual mean conditions in thetropical region the above sequence does not change except the two water vapor terms being the largest feedback compo-nents.Among the feedback components,the total water vapor feedback is the largest(about 50%).The diagnosis alsogives a very small feedback of either the cloud cover or the lapse rate,which is substantially different from the 1-Dfeedback analysis by Hansen et al.(1984).The small lapse rate feedback is considered to be partly caused by theconvective adjustment scheme adopted by CCM1 model.The feedback effect for doubled CO_2 is very different from that of the addition of other trace gases because of theirdifferent vertical distributions of radiative forcing although the non-feedback responses of surface air temperature forboth cases are almost the same.For instance,the larger forcing at surface by the addition of other trace gases can causestronger surface albedo feedback than by doubled CO_2.Besides,because of the negative forcing of doubled CO_2 in thestratosphere,cloud height feedback is more intense.The larger surface forcing in the case of other trace gases can also in-fluence atmospheric water vapor amount as well as the water vapor distribution,which will in turn have strongerfeedback effects.All these indicate that it is incorrect to use“effective CO_2”to replace other trace gases in the generalcirculation model.  相似文献   

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