共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
利用2005-2007年5—9月榆林雷达站观测资料和同期的常规高空、地面观测资料及榆林市境内的冰雹灾情资料,对其中的14次冰雹天气过程分析,重点考察冰雹产生过程中冰雹云在新一代天气雷达图上的演变特征。通过对地面降雹资料和相应的雷达产品资料分析,结果表明：榆林新一代天气雷达对责任区内的冰雹预报预警具有较好的指示作用。冰雹云识别指标为：强反射率因子区（回波强度≥50dBz）在-20℃层高度附近及以上,且强回波强度越强,高度越高,愈有利于大冰雹的产生;反射率因子剖面图上出现有界弱回波区（BWER）或弱回波区（WER）,区域的大小影响降雹的持续时间和冰雹的大小;垂直累积液态水含量VIL的大值区（≥40kg／m^2）代表降冰雹的潜势,VIL值越大。降大冰雹的潜势越大。三体散射现象可作为冰雹的预报指标。 相似文献
2.
利用安顺市2015-2019年降雹个例、Micaps常规观测资料以及贵阳雷达资料,分析总结了安顺市冰雹时空分布特征及雷达临近预警指标。结果表明：安顺市冰雹以直径20 mm以下的小冰雹为主,冰雹站次呈北多南少特征;冰雹天气主要发生在春季,4月最多,5月次之;2015—2019年期间,2019年安顺市冰雹站次最多,2017年最少。直径10 mm以上与直径10mm以下冰雹对应的雹云相比,其强回波值更强、降雹概率更高、强回波中心平均升降次数更多、上升幅度及最高上升高度更高（须在0 ℃层高度以上）、对应的径向速度场有明显特征（逆风区、辐合/辐散、旋转）的比例更高、径向速度特征（逆风区、辐合/辐散、旋转）出现时间较降雹时间提前量更多。此外,强回波中心上升高度（0 ℃层高度以上）越高,冰雹直径越大。以上雷达回波特征均可作为安顺市冰雹预警指标,有利于提高安顺市冰雹预警准确率及提前量。 相似文献
3.
贵州春季强冰雹天气定量化概念模型研究及试应用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《贵州气象》2017,(2)
该文利用贵州近13 a(2000—2012年)春季的气象资料,依据强对流天气发生的动力条件和层结稳定情况,将贵州春季强冰雹事件进行不同类型的分类研究,给出贵州强冰雹天气发生的有利环流形势类型为:西北气流型、高空槽型、锋前降雹型和高架雷暴型。选取有多普勒雷达资料以来的2009—2013年的强冰雹天气事件个例,采用基数据回放方式研究其降雹前3~15 min雷达回波形态、结构和类型特征,并通过这些特征来有效识别冰雹云,发现降雹前冰雹落区附近的雷达回波组合反射率因子的强度普遍在40 d Bz以上,最强回波为50~60 d Bz,冰雹云回波以块状回波为主;在垂直剖面上冰雹云回波基本都有明显的回波悬垂,部分个例存在有界弱回波区,其大于40 d Bz的回波伸展高度多数都在9~10 km。降雹的回波基本上以孤立的对流云回波单体为主,混合降水类型的冰雹回波对流单体夹杂在层状云中。冰雹落区主要发生在组合反射率因子的最强回波中心,或是有界弱回波区或回波悬垂的回波墙下方。将研究结果在2014年3月30日的一次强冰雹过程中进行试用,利用中尺度环境分析技术,对当日环境场及要素配置进行分析,对应以上环流分型的概念模型方法,确定此次过程属于高空槽型,中尺度环境及雷达分析与上述归纳特征十分吻合,利用此方法在当日冰雹潜势预报及临近预警方面都提前做出了较好的预报预警。 相似文献
4.
铜仁市一次冰雹天气的多普勒雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高铜仁市冰雹天气的预报预警服务能力,该文应用铜仁市新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和常规气象资料,对2013年3月19日铜仁市冰雹天气过程进行综合分析,结果表明:①多普勒雷达反射率因子在0℃层上出现大于50.0 dBz的回波时,则可能降雹;②反射率因子在0℃及以上层(如-20℃、-30℃层)在降雹前强度明显增加,50 dBz的回波高度超过0℃层高度且发展到对流云中上部,且其剖面具有明显的穹窿结构;③风随高度的垂直切变是强对流产生发展和维持的重要条件;逆风区的存在是冰雹天气速度回波场的明显特征;④垂直累积液态含水量产品对冰雹天气的分析也有很好的辅助作用。⑤强天气概率和冰雹指数对降雹亦具有一定的预报预警指示意义。 相似文献
5.
利用典型代表年份的90个冰雹个例观测资料，采用统计和数理诊断的方法对冰雹天气物理量参数进行分析，构建了甘肃省东部地区冰雹天气概念模型和冰雹预警指标。结果表明：冰雹事件在时空分布上受到天气系统和地形双重影响，冰雹天气过程分为西北气流型、低槽型和低涡型，占比分别为52%、38%和10%，在地势高、地形复杂的地区更容易产生降雹。92%的降雹出现在13—20时，5—7月占全年发生降雹概率的86%。0℃层高度越高，冰雹在降落过程中融化的越快；回波顶高越高，层结水汽越丰富；强回波顶高越高，水汽越丰富，冰雹云发展旺盛；强回波顶高越接近回波顶高时，对流发展越旺盛。通过对降雹时的最大回波强度、最大回波顶高、最大垂直累积液态水含量(VILmax)、垂直累积液水密度(VILD)以及K指数、沙氏指数(SI)、0℃层高度、-20℃层高度等物理量进行综合分析所构建的甘肃省东部地区的冰雹预警指标体系可对13 min冰雹临近预警提供定量化的判据。 相似文献
6.
滇中地区冰雹的多普勒天气雷达及闪电活动特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用雷达数据和云南省闪电定位系统数据,对滇中地区2006~2011年6次典型降雹过程中的雷达回波和闪电特征进行综合分析,结果表明:滇中冰雹回波的基本反射率因子具有典型的冰雹回波特征,如弓形回波、三体散射、旁瓣回波、有界(无界)弱回波区、"V"型槽口以及钩状回波等。地面降雹区基本出现在雹暴反射率因子强度梯度较大的区域,也就是负地闪密集活跃区或者临近区域。闪电密集区的移动可作为预测冰雹回波移动路径的一个指标。降雹时段是负地闪的活跃期,正地闪出现频率极少,这与我国北方地区冰雹出现时高正地闪频数特征存在明显不同。负地闪每5 min频数峰值的出现时间略超前地面降雹时间5~12 min,可作为滇中出现冰雹的一个参考指标。闪电频数的时空分布和变化特征,对于滇中地区冰雹天气的监测、I临近预警以及防雹作业指挥有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
7.
该文通过对2012年8月5日和2012年8月12日2次强冰雹天气的天气背景及多普勒雷达回波强度、径向速度、垂直液态水含量、冰雹指数等雷达产品的对比分析,总结出在大范围水汽条件不是很有利的环流背景下,文山州8月冰雹天气在多普勒雷达产品上的表现特征和一些定量指标:回波强度≥55 dBz、≥50dBz的强回波垂直伸展高度≥6 km,垂直液态水含量VIL≥25 kg/m2时,容易产生冰雹天气,注意发布强对流天气预警;强对流降雹天气与逆风区和风的辐合有关,超级单体所在区域均对应着逆风区或是辐合线;冰雹指数产品对冰雹预报有很好的指示作用,降雹概率和强降雹概率达到100%时发布冰雹预警,但是冰雹最大直径与实况偏大,只能作为参考。 相似文献
8.
敖泽建 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(2):27-33
利用甘南多普勒雷达资料分析了2014年4月15日甘肃省合作市强对流天气过程,结果表明:此次冰雹天气的雹云特征与甘肃中东部地区存在一定的差异,虽然出现了弱回波区、回波悬垂、50 d Bz以上强回波伸展到-20℃以上等甘肃中东部地区大冰雹的降雹特征,但没有出现大冰雹。垂直液态水含量突增时,可以预示降雹开始,但此次冰雹天气过程开始时,垂直液态水含量仅为5 kg/m~2,远远小于东部地区;随着对流云增强,垂直液态水含量达到15 kg/m~2。强对流附近出现的低空大风速区不一定是低空急流,也可能是对流云的出流。 相似文献
9.
利用1964 2015年气象观测资料对河北廊坊冰雹天气的时空分布特征进行分析,并利用MICAPS资料、北京探空资料及多普勒雷达资料研究了廊坊冰雹日的天气形势、物理量特性及雷达回波特征。结果表明:廊坊冰雹日数整体呈下降趋势,20世纪80年代末至90年代初降雹达到高峰期。冰雹天气主要发生在15 19时,多持续1~5 min。廊坊冰雹有明显的地域特征,西北部较多。降雹日500 h Pa环流形势有4类,并对应3种地面形势。对预报冰雹天气有指导意义的物理量参数阈值为:冰雹开始前对流层中下层存在逆温层或等温层;对流参数SI指数或LI指数0,中低层假相当位温随高度减小;0℃层高度多为3050~4702 gpm,-20℃层高度多为5996~8332 gpm,850 h Pa与500 h Pa温差为27~32℃,低层有大的垂直风切变,近地面925 h Pa垂直风切变为5.5~15.0 m·s-1·km-1。此外,廊坊冰雹云回波有块状单体和飑线两种结构,回波中心强度普遍大于60 d Bz,垂直结构上均有悬垂回波,速度场为逆风区或旋转速度12 m·s-1的弱切变,VIL普遍大于35 kg·m-2,ET普遍大于11 km。 相似文献
10.
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献