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1.
长江流域水分收支以及再分析资料可用性分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
首先利用实测资料定量计算了长江流域水分收支的各分量,包括降水、径流、蒸发、水汽辐合等,分析其季节循环、年际变化以及线性趋势变化。结果表明,多年平均该流域是水汽汇区,主要来自平均流输送造成的水汽辐合,而与天气过程密切相关的瞬变波则主要造成流域的水汽辐散。蒸发所占比例接近于径流,对流域水分循环十分重要。大部分要素的季节变化和年际变化都很大,只有蒸发和大气含水量的年际变化较小。降水和平均流输送造成的水汽辐合一般在6月达到年内最大,12月达到年内最小,而径流和大气含水量则一般滞后1个月于7月达到年内最大,1月降为年内最小。1958—1983年,夏半年降水略微增加,冬半年略微减少,各月实测径流为弱的增长趋势,但均不显著,年平均蒸发亦无显著的趋势变化。然后将实测资料同ECMWF及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作进一步对比分析,以检验两套再分析资料对长江流域水分循环的描述能力。在量值上,NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中的降水、蒸发、径流均比实测偏大很多,大气含水量及由平均流输送所造成的水汽辐合则偏小很多;ECMWF再分析资料中的降水量、径流量基本上与实测接近,蒸发量偏大,大气含水量及由平均流输送所造成的水汽辐合偏小,但比NCEP/NCAR再分析资料要接近实测。另外,该两套再分析资料均可以较好地描述长江流域水分收支的季节循环和年际变化,而且同样是ECMWF再分析资料与实测资料的一致性更好。但是两套再分析资料在1958—1983年均存在十分夸张的线性趋势变化,尤其是ECMWF再分析资料。 相似文献
2.
华南夏季大气水汽汇时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：19，他引：3
用1958~2004年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析华南夏季大尺度大气水汽汇的时空变化特征。结果表明:西南地区东部至华南北部地区、华南沿海地区是我国南方夏季水汽汇的2个主要的变异中心区。西南地区东部至华南北部地区夏季水汽汇具有明显的年代际变化特征。华南南部沿岸地区夏季水汽汇则以年际变化为主。西南地区东部至华南北部附近地区以及华南南部沿岸地区水汽汇的强弱异常变化,与东亚上空水汽输送异常而导致上述地区的垂直积分的水汽通量辐合的异常是密切相关:如果向华北或者长江流域的水汽输送增强(减弱),则华南地区得到的水汽减少(增加),导致上述地区上空的水汽汇偏弱(偏强)。 相似文献
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区域海气耦合模式对中国夏季降水的模拟 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以区域气候模式RegCM3和普林斯顿海洋模式POM为基础,建立了一个区域海气耦合模式,对1963-2002年中国夏季气候进行模拟,重点分析该耦合模式对中国夏季降水的模拟性能以及降水模拟改进的可能原因.结果表明:耦合模式对中国夏季雨带分布的模拟明显优于控制试验(单独的大气模式),对长江流域以及华南降水的模拟性能改进尤为明显,同时耦合模式能够更为真实地刻画中国东部地区汛期雨带的移动.对降水的年际变化分析发现,耦合模式模拟的1963-2002年中国夏季降水年际变率与观测吻合,模拟的夏季长江流域降水与观测降水相关系数达到0.48,模拟的华南夏季降水与观测的相关系数达到0.61,而控制试验结果与观测降水的相关系数均较小.对中国东部长江流域夏季降水与近海海温的相关分析表明,用给定海温驱动的大气模式,并不能正确模拟出中国东部夏季降水与海温的关系,而耦合模式能够较好地模拟出长江流域与孟加拉湾、南海以及黑潮区海温的关系,与GISST(全球海冰和海表温度)和观测降水相关关系一致.对水汽输送通量的分析发现,控制试验模拟的水汽输送路径与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料相比差别较大,耦合模式模拟的来自海洋上的水汽输送强度和路径与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料一致,提高了耦合模式对水汽输送的模拟能力,从而改善了模式对华南以及长江流域降水的模拟. 相似文献
4.
采用1958-2007年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分别从水汽通量、水汽通量散度以及区域内降水量与蒸发量差计算东亚季风湿润区的水分收支,分析其差异特征,结果表明:用不同方法计算的水分收支距平年际变化的相关系数分别为0.91,0.71和0.81,误差ε百分率分别为17.4%,44.1%和44%,其中利用水汽通量和散度计算得到的季风湿润区水分收支结果很接近。总体上看,整个区域全年表现为水分收入,春季和夏季的水分收入贡献最大,秋季和冬季贡献较小。在水汽经向输送中,南边界为主要的水汽输入区。从水汽输送计算的水分收支垂直分布来看,多年平均气候态下整个区域除850 hPa存在水分支出外,其余各层均为水分收入,3种方法计算的水分收支在4个季节的年际变化明显。 相似文献
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采用1983—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国660站降水资料,对我国东部季风湿润区夏季水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:20世纪80—90年代夏季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的年代际变化增加趋势,与降水时间序列的相关系数为0.71;水汽收支高值、低值年代不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚夏季风的强弱和降水异常变化。合成的水汽输送年代际异常在东亚—西太平洋区表现为4个异常环流,异常水汽通量辐合区位于长江流域及以南地区。水汽收支高值年代,亚洲大陆高纬度地区低压偏弱,大陆表面温度及西太平洋海温偏高,我国东部沿海盛行异常偏南风,低层气流辐合、高层气流辐散强,垂直上升运动强烈;低值年代则相反。合成的经向水汽收支占总收支的71.3%,合成的异常降水量最大达100 mm以上。 相似文献
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采用1958—2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站降水资料,对东亚大陆季风湿润区冬季的水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:冬季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的长期气候变化趋势。挑选的水汽收支高、低值年不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚冬季风的强弱和降水的异常变化。高值年,蒙古冷高压和阿留申低压偏弱,对流层低层为异常偏南风,整层为异常逆时针环流,30°N以南的辐合和上升运动强,大气水分收入增多,降水增加;低值年则相反。差值合成的异常降水量中心值可达40 mm以上,差值合成的水汽异常输入主要集中在600~900 hPa。合成的经向水汽收支占净收支变化的91.3%,纬向上相差较小。季风湿润区南、北区域的水汽收支及降水的差异明显,纬向的收入支出对此差异贡献较大。水汽收支的年代际特征,不仅能够指示水汽输送的强弱及从海洋输入水汽的多少,还能够指示季风湿润区降水的变化,且差值合成的异常降水量最大可达30 mm以上。 相似文献
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利用黑河流域少量观测台站的实测降水和土壤湿度资料, 对比分析了欧洲中心ERA40及美国NCEP R-1两套常用的土壤湿度再分析资料在黑河流域的空间分布、 年际变化和季节循环特征, 结果表明:两套资料在黑河流域均能表现出“南湿北干”的分布格局, 湿度高值中心位于祁连山区东南部\.以此为中心, 土壤湿度从上游山区向中下游递减。ERA40土壤湿度在祁连山区年际变化明显, 与降水的响应关系要好于NCEP资料, 在中下游站点, NCEP 10 cm层土壤湿度对降水的响应好于ERA40。祁连站ERA40土壤湿度在6~8月接近观测值, 在额济纳站两套资料对于土壤湿度的描述都不理想。 相似文献
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利用高分辨率ERA-Interim再分析资料对2011年夏季江淮区域水汽汇的诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用水平分辨率接近0.7°×0.7°、垂直方向60层的ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了2011年夏季江淮区域水汽汇的演变及各项的贡献,研究了与水汽辐合项有关的水汽输送及相应的月平均环流和天气尺度扰动。结果表明:(1)ERA-Interim再分析资料对江淮区域夏季水汽平衡有较好的描述能力。由水汽辐合项与水汽局地变化项计算的水汽汇值和用降水与蒸发求得的水汽汇值高度一致,说明该资料可用于研究江淮区域的水汽汇。(2)2011年夏季江淮区域整体处于水汽汇区,且水汽汇值具有明显的2~6天的天气尺度振荡。降水对水汽汇的贡献远大于蒸发,而水汽辐合项与水汽局地变化项对水汽汇均有较大贡献,并且对水汽汇具有超前1~2天的指示作用。(3)月平均环流和天气尺度扰动均通过与水汽输送密切相关的水汽辐合项对江淮区域水汽汇产生显著影响。月际尺度的水汽汇变化与大尺度大气环流尤其是副高有密切关系;而江淮流域及西南地区的天气扰动对江淮区域水汽汇的天气尺度振荡起到至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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春季华南土壤湿度异常与中国夏季降水的可能联系 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
基于ERA40（ECMWF）1958—2001年土壤湿度再分析资料和中国541站降水资料,通过观测分析揭示了华南春季土壤湿度异常与中国夏季降水的联系及其可能的物理过程。结果表明,春季华南土壤湿度与夏季华南（长江流域及其以北地区）降水呈正（负）相关;春季华南土壤湿度负（正）异常,夏季华南降水异常偏少（多）,而长江以北地区降水则偏多（少）。通过对春季华南土壤湿度异常年份对应的环流异常特征的诊断分析发现：土壤湿度负异常年,西太平洋副高位置明显偏西,华南地区对应异常的下沉运动和水汽辐散,导致该地区降水偏少;而长江中下游地区对应异常的上升运动和水汽通量的辐合,降水偏多;土壤湿度正异常年的情况大致相反。进一步的分析表明,春季华南土壤湿度与同期长江中下游及以北地区土壤湿度存在明显的负相关关系。春季华南土壤湿度负（正）异常年的同期华北到长江中下游区域土壤湿度为正（负）异常,将导致南部区域的地表温度异常升高（降低）,北部地表温度异常偏低（偏高）,并通过改变地表对大气的加热,引起夏季大气环流的异常,最终造成夏季降水异常。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献