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采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2008-2009年冬季河南干旱主要发生时段的大气环流状况及干旱缓解的大气环流背景,结果表明:干旱发展主要阶段,北极涛动处于正位相,欧亚中高纬度环流长时间维持阻塞形势,东亚冬季季风偏弱,印缅槽区被反气旋控制,西太平洋副高位置偏东,欧亚地区环流异常长时间维持导致河南发生干旱.2009年2月大气环流发生转变,北极涛动转为负位相,有利于高纬度冷空气南下,低纬度西太平洋副热带高压西进北抬向内地输送水汽,在冷空气与水汽条件配合下,河南2月份经历多次降水过程,旱情得以缓解. 相似文献
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有关南半球大气环流与东亚气候的关系研究的若干新进展 总被引：14，自引：15，他引：14
南半球大气环流是全球大气环流的重要组成部分,也是影响气候变化和亚洲季风系统的一个重要因素.中国气象学家很早就注意到南半球大气环流对东亚夏季风降水的影响.近年来,有关南半球气候变率的研究目前正受到世界气象学家越来越多的关注.南半球中高纬大气资料的丰富及南极涛动的确定,使得认识南半球高中纬环流的年际变动规律及其与东亚气候关系成为可能.本文主要介绍近年来有关南极涛动的年际变化与沙尘天气发生频次及东亚冬春季气候的关系,古气候资料揭示的南极涛动与华北降水的关系,以及南半球大气环流与长江中下游夏季降水的关系和南极涛动变率的可预测性等方面的研究进展.并对未来研究方向作了初步的展望. 相似文献
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本文回顾了2016年10月降水业务预报中考虑的动力模式预测信息、前兆信号及其影响。2016年10月全国平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多,且环流形势和要素分布特征在月内均发生明显转折。业务发布预报在华北南部、黄淮、江淮、江汉等地降水异常与实况存在较大差异,同时对月内环流形势调整及降水变率估计不足。数值模式预报和物理因子诊断预测与实况的对比分析表明,环流形势整体分布特征预报与实况较为一致,但对西太平洋副热带高压等环流因子的强度、西伸脊点位置以及月内变率的预报与实况存在较大差异。从大气对热带海温信号的滞后响应以及同期相关分析表明,El Nino事件次年秋季副热带高压往往持续偏强偏北。10月赤道太平洋东冷西暖,暖池区对流活跃,东亚上空出现的异常经向环流圈通过低层径向风异常及异常辐合辐散,在日本岛附近形成反气旋式环流距平,也有利于副热带高压加强北抬。9、10月热带印度洋偶极子负位相有利于印缅槽加强,从而有利于水汽向我国东部地区输送。来自副热带高压外围的异常东南水汽和来自西南的水汽共同输送到我国中东部地区,并与南下冷空气交汇产生异常水汽辐合,造成这些地区降水明显偏多。此外10月热带对流活动依然活跃,台风的生成、登陆个数均较常年偏多,是我国东南沿海降水偏多的主要原因。 相似文献
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春季青藏高原感热对中国东部夏季降水的影响和预测作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1980-2012年青藏高原中、东部71个站点观测资料、全中国756站的月降水资料、哈得来中心提供的HadISST v1.1海温资料以及ERA-Interim再分析资料,综合青藏高原的感热加热以及全球海温,研究了春季青藏高原感热对中国东部夏季降水的影响,并建立预报方程,探讨了青藏高原春季感热对中国降水的预报作用。结果表明,青藏高原春季感热与中国东部降水关系密切,青藏高原春季感热异常增强伴随着长江流域中下游同期降水增多,后期夏季长江流域整流域降水也持续偏多,华南东部降水偏少。春季青藏高原感热的增强与环北半球中高纬度的罗斯贝波列密切相关,扰动在北太平洋形成的反气旋环流向西南方向延伸至西北太平洋,为长江流域输送大量的水汽,有利于降水的发生。夏季,伴随着前期青藏高原感热的增强,南亚高压位置偏东,西北太平洋副热带高压（西太副高）位置偏西偏南,西太副高北侧为气旋式环流异常。在西太副高的控制下,华南东部降水减少;西太副高西侧的偏南气流为长江流域带来大量水汽,并与来自北部气旋式环流异常西侧的偏北风发生辐合,降水增多。青藏高原春季感热异常是华南和长江流域夏季降水异常的重要前兆信号。加入青藏高原春季感热后,利用海温预报的华南、长江流域夏季降水量与观测值的相关系数有所提高,预报方程对区域降水的解释方差提高约15%。 相似文献
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分析了驻马店2004年4月气温异常偏高的前期天气背景及大气环流形势特征,找出了预报同期气温异常偏高的着眼点. 相似文献
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中国东部夏季降水与东亚垂直环流结构及其预测试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文在分析中国东部夏季降水的时空分布特征基础上, 从东亚高、中、低层大尺度环流异常着手, 选取对中国东部夏季降水异常有显著影响的大气环流预报因子, 分别应用逐步回归和最优子集回归法两种统计降尺度方法, 以动力气候模式CAM3.1预报输出的大气环流预报因子为基础, 以中国东部夏季降水的典型空间分布型为预报对象, 建立动力与统计相结合的中国东部夏季降水预测模型, 并对1981～2000年的中国东部夏季降水进行回报试验。结果表明: 中国东部夏季降水具有4类典型的空间分布型式, 且具有显著的准2年和年代际尺度振荡周期; 东亚高、中、低层大气环流异常的特定配置, 对东部夏季降水的空间分布型有显著影响; 使用两种降尺度方案建立的动力与统计相结合的预测模型对中国东部夏季降水异常具有一定的预报技巧, 可以在一定程度上提高动力模式对中国东部夏季降水的预报效果。 相似文献
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2006年夏季西南地区东部特大干旱及其大气环流异常 总被引：33，自引：1，他引：32
利用1959-2006年西南地区东部20个测站的逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及国家气候中心提供的环流特征量资料,分析了2006年夏季西南地区东部特大干旱的时空分布及其同期大气环流的异常特征.结果表明,2006年夏季西南地Ⅸ东部少雨时段从6月中旬初开始一直持续到9月上旬中后期,达80多天,其中7月下旬中期到9月上旬中期降水尤其稀少.西南地区东部区域6、7、8月及整个夏季(6-8月)降水都偏少,降水指数显示2006年是西南地区东部1959年以来夏季降水最少的年份.2006年夏季西南地区特大干旱与大气环流异常有很大的关系,中高纬度环流及西太平洋副热带高压、西风带环流、南亚岛压、低层流场、水汽输送以及垂直运动等都持续异常.西太平洋副高异常偏北且偏西和副高异常偏弱且偏东时,两南地区东部都日,能出现严重干旱,2006年夏季属于副高控制性高温伏旱.西太平洋副高偏强偏北偏西,同时伴随南亚高压偏强偏东,西南地区东部在副高控制下,盛行下沉气流,同时也抑制了向该地的水汽输送,再加上西风带环流以及中高纬环流配置不利于冷空气南下,因而2006夏季西南地区东部少雨干旱.青藏高原热源偏弱,菲律宾附近地区对流非常活跃,是引起2006年夏季西太平洋副商偏强偏北偏西的重要原因. 相似文献
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利用国家气候中心提供的1958—2013年756个台站的逐日降水资料,定义了“弱台风大暴雨”事件,并对其发生的时间和空间分布特征进行统计分析,初步揭示了有利于“弱台风大暴雨”发生的大气异常环流特征。结果表明：“弱台风大暴雨”降水事件主要发生于5—10月,但初秋的10月该事件发生的占比最高;“弱台风大暴雨”降水事件发生次数在20世纪80年代中期后有明显的增加,整体呈现3～5 a的周期振荡,盛夏（7—8月）是“弱台风大暴雨”降水事件的最多发生时段;空间上,初夏（5—6月）事件分布面积最小,盛夏最广;有利于“弱台风大暴雨”降水事件多发的大气环流场主要是在北极涛动正位相异常环流背景下,中纬度西风带较为稳定平直,有利于中纬度大气类环球遥相关型定常波列的持续稳定,使得东亚地区维持的高压异常环流有利于北方冷空气南下,与热带气旋带来的暖湿气流交汇;同时,西太平洋副热带高压的偏弱有利于登陆我国的台风停留时间增加以及水汽的源源不断输送,水汽的主要来源是北太平洋西南侧和南海、孟加拉湾等热带季风区。 相似文献
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2021年8月西南地区东部降水量为1961年以来同期第2多，比历史最多的1998年仅差0.9 mm，极为异常。利用西南地区东部118个气象台站1961—2021年夏季8月逐日降水资料及ERA5逐月高度场、纬向风、经向风、比湿和水汽场等再分析资料，采用拉格朗日水汽轨迹模式和现代统计诊断方法，分析了2021年8月西南地区东部降水出现异常偏多的主要水汽输送条件和水汽来源、造成降水异常的大气环流特征等。结果表明：2021年8月西南地区东部水汽的净流入主要来自于对流层中、低层，以低层的水汽贡献最大；2021年8月水汽输送路径有一定的独特性，以低层来自于我国东部地区的水汽路径的轨迹数量最多，与以往水汽主要轨迹和贡献来自南部路径的特征有所不同。2021年8月西南地区东部降水异常偏多与大气环流异常紧密相关，主是体现在500 hPa高度场上乌拉尔山附近和鄂霍次克海阻高异常偏强、中纬度低值系统（东北低涡等）异常活跃、印度低压偏弱和和西太副高异常西伸且强度偏强；大气环流系统引导下有利的水汽输送造成了西南地区东部降水的异常偏多。印度洋海温的持续偏暖可能是维持2021年8月西太副高持续偏强、偏西的重要外强迫因子；而同期鄂霍次克海阻塞高压的异常偏强可能与西北太平洋海温的异常偏暖有关，并对西南地区降水偏多起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
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Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Indian Ocean Associated with ENSO and IOD 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Northern Indian Ocean(NIO) sea surface temperature(SST) warming,associated with the El Ni o/Southern Oscillations(ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) mode,is investigated using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) monthly data for the period 1979 2010.Statistical analyses are used to identify respective contribution from ENSO and IOD.The results indicate that the first NIO SST warming in September November is associated with an IOD event,while the second NIO SST warming in spring-summer following the mature phase of ENSO is associated with an ENSO event.In the year that IOD co-occurred with ENSO,NIO SST warms twice,rising in the ENSO developing year and decay year.Both shortwave radiation and latent heat flux contribute to the NIO SST variation.The change in shortwave radiation is due to the change in cloudiness.A cloud-SST feedback plays an important role in NIO SST warming.The latent heat flux is related to the change in monsoonal wind.In the first NIO warming,the SST anomaly is mainly due to the change in the latent heat flux.In the second NIO warming,both factors are important. 相似文献
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Record-breaking extreme temperatures have been measured in the last two decades all over Turkey, with recent studies detecting positive trends in extreme temperature time series. In this study, nonstationary extreme value analysis was performed on extreme temperature time series obtained from fifty stations scattered over the seven geographical regions of Turkey. Basic characterization of the data set was defined through outlier detection, homogeneity, trend detection, and stationarity tests. Trend-including non-stationary extreme temperature time series were analyzed with non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Three main physical drivers were considered as the leading causes that trigger the observed trends in extreme temperatures over Turkey: time, teleconnection patterns of the Arctic Oscillations, and those of the North Atlantic Oscillations. The results showed that most of the absolute annual minimum and maximum temperature time series are inhomogeneous while the possible breakpoints date back to the1970s and 1990s, respectively. More than half of the absolute annual maximum time series (26/50 and many of the absolute annual minimum time series (21/50) showed a positive trend. No negative trend was detected in the extreme temperature time series. Based on the frequency analysis of the 21 annual maximum time series, the non-stationary estimations of 50-year return levels were detected to be higher than in the stationary model (between 0.44 °C and 3.73 °C). The return levels in 15 of the 20 minimum temperature time series increased from 0.11 °C up to 12.28 °C. Elevation increases the nonstationarity impact on absolute minimum temperatures and decreases it on absolute maximums. The findings in this study indicate that the consideration of non-stationarity in extreme temperature time series is a necessity during return level estimations over the study area. 相似文献
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B. G. Hunt 《Climate Dynamics》2008,30(5):467-483
Outputs from a 10,000-year simulation with a coupled global climatic model for present climatic conditions have been used
to investigate the behaviour of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and related phenomena.
The analysis reveals a wide range of temporal variability for these Oscillations, suggesting that observations to date provide
only a limited sample of possible outcomes. In addition, the simulation suggests that the current observed phase relation
between the PDO and NPO may not be typical of longer-term variability. Climatic jumps appear to be a ubiquitous feature of
climatic variability, and while, as observed, the most common interval between such jumps is about 20 years, intervals of
up to 100 years occur in the simulation. The probability density functions of the PDO and NPO are very close to Gaussian,
with the PDO being represented by an auto-regressive function of order one, while the NPO consisted of white noise. An FFT
analysis of PC1 of the PDO revealed periodicities concentrated near 10 years, while for the NPO the principal periodicities
were decadal to bidecadal. Global distributions of the distributions of the correlations between PC1 or the NPO and selected
climatic variables were similar, and in agreement with observations. These correlations highlight the inter-relationships
between these two Oscillations. The above correlations were not necessarily stable in time for a given geographical point,
with transitions occurring between positive and negative extremes. Climatic jumps were identified with transitions of both
the PDO and NPO, with magnitudes of importance as regards climatic perturbations. Spatial patterns of the changes associated
with such jumps have global scales, and the need to consider the implications of these jumps in regard to greenhouse induced
climatic change is noted. 相似文献
14.
A new method of analysis namely, Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is applied to the Indian Summer Monsoon (June-September) Rainfall (ISMR) series. The method is efficient in extracting the statistically significant oscillations with periods 2.8 and 2.3 year from the white noise of the ISMR series. The study shows that 2.8 / 2.3 year cycle captures the variability of the ISMR related to Southern Oscillation / Quasi Biennial Oscillation. The temporal structure of these oscillations show that these are in phase in extreme (excess and drought) monsoon conditions as well as in El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years. Both these oscillations show minimum variability during the period 1920-1940 and there is an increasing trend in the variability of these oscillations in the recent decades. The study enables to obtain pure signal consisting of reconstructed time series using these two Oscillations, from the original white noise series. 相似文献
15.
In the last decade, much effort was dedicated to the reconstruction of past climate at high temporal resolution. Here, we show the suitability of chrysophyte cysts from lake sediments for revealing continental climate variability when used in sensitive sites, such as those in high mountains. We demonstrate that altitude is a main factor influencing the present distribution of chrysophytes and develop a transfer function to evaluate the local altitude anomaly on a lake site throughout time. Based on our knowledge of chrysophyte ecology, the altitude anomalies are interpreted as winter/spring climate signatures. The method was applied to a Holocene record from a lake in the Pyrenees showing submillennial climatic variability in this northwestern Mediterranean zone. A warming trend was present from the early Holocene to 4 kyear BP. Comparison with pollen-based reconstructions of summer temperatures denoted a contrasting decrease in continentality between the two parts of the Holocene. Oscillations of 1 cycle per ca. 2,000 years appeared throughout the record. The warmest Holocene winters were recorded during the Medieval Warm Period at ca. AD 900 and 450 and the Roman Warm Period (2.7–2.4 kyear BP). Winters in the period AD 1,050–1,175 were inferred to be as cold as in the Little Ice Age. The period between 3 and 7 kyear BP showed lower intensity in the fluctuations than in early and late Holocene. The cold event, 8,200 years ago, appeared embedded in a warm fluctuation. Another cold fluctuation was recorded around 9 kyear BP, which is in agreement with Irish and Greenland records.This revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to the background of figures 9 and 12. 相似文献
16.
大气中的重力波,常产生于两种性质不同的气流之间。倘接近地面的空气温度较低密度较大,上层反较温暖而密度较稀薄时,则当此 相似文献
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本文推导出二维线性和非线性随机动力模式的Fokker—Planck方程,得到其稳定态的解析解和气候势函数,并应用于广东气温和南方涛动的随机分析。计算结果表明,线性模式能明确反映广东气温和南方涛动之间的反馈关系;非线性模式则表明非线性作用使广东气温和南方涛动之间的稳定平衡更趋于合理化。 相似文献
18.
除正常的El Nio事件外,赤道中东太平洋存在一些类似但又显著不同的海水增暖事件。以1993年为例,海水增暖事件发生在3月,5月最强,但随后迅速衰减,在此称之为El Nio的夭折。通过与典型El Nio事件的对比分析,研究了1993年暖水事件的演变特征及其夭折原因。研究发现,1993年暖水事件是一种发生在热带中东太平洋的局地海气作用现象。由于1991～1992年发生了一次较强的El Nio事件,造成1992～1993年热带西太平洋暖池持续偏冷,使得1993年缺乏发生正常El Nio事件所需要的热力条件。在此背景下,虽然在春季出现赤道西风异常自西太平洋向东太平洋扩展,满足了El Nio事件发生的动力条件,但由于暖池偏冷,不能引发海盆尺度的Bjerknes型正反馈,使得赤道中东太平洋的海水增暖只是一种短期现象,并迅速衰减,造成ElNio事件的夭折。 相似文献
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Relationships of three Southern Oscillations and a few other large-scale atmospheric indices, like Stratos-pheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Northern Hemispheric surface air temperature, 50 hPa subtropical ridge po-sition, Indian monsoon rainfall, with the movement and formation of the tropical cyclones over the Bay of Ben-gal during the post-monsoon season are examined. In general, these relationships are not very satisfactory. However, there is some indication that the low phase of the Southern Oscillation is associated with lower mean latitude of the track of cyclones. 相似文献
20.
Fluctuations of the land surface areas covered by Koeppen climates are analysed for the 1901 to 1995 period using trends and outliers as indicators of climate shift. Only the extreme climate zones of the global Tropics and of the Tundra (with the highly correlated northern hemisphere temperature) realise statistically significant shifts and outliers. There are nosignificant trends and outliers in the fluctuating ocean-atmosphere patterns (Pacific Decadal and North Atlantic Oscillations) and the highly correlated intermediate climate zones (dry, subtropical and boreal) of the surrounding continents. 相似文献