共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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本文采用均值差异假设检验研究了中国、北半球和全球气温历史序列的突变现象。分析表明，中国气温从本世纪以来，在40年代末50年代初曾出现一次由暖到冷的突变。北半球和全球均曾在19世纪末和本世纪20年代发生了突变现象。功率谱分析表明，气温的突变指数曲线具有明显的周期性。一系列比较研究证明，按照分析出的突变点将气温序列分段建模，无论数值误差还是变化趋势，效果均优于整段序列的模型。所以，对未来气温变化趋势作预测，应首先搞清楚未来会处在怎样的气候阶段中，会不会出现突变。研究表明，本文叙述的均生函数累加延拓的时序建模方案，对气温序列有很好的拟合和预测效果。 相似文献
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本文探讨苏中和苏南地区气温长期变化趋势的阶段特征,着重研究各不同时期气温趋势的显著性和置信区间,结果表明：（１）近百年该区气温有显著的上升趋势,且与北半球总变化趋势基本一致;（Ⅱ）除冬季以外,本区经历了两次升温和两次降温时期,各不同阶段具有不同的趋势特征;（Ⅲ）近百年气温最高的十年,除了夏季出现在本世纪６０年代外,其余各季及全年平均都再现在本世纪４０年代,这一特点与北半球最暖的十年出现于８０年代以 相似文献
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本世纪青藏高原气候的三次突变及与天文因素的相关 总被引：39，自引：9，他引：30
用给出了的划分气候阶段的标准对本世纪高原的气温,降水和季风的阶段性变化进行了分析,发现本世纪高原气候在２０年代初,５０－６０年代和８０年代初发生了三次突变,与北半球的气候变化一致。高原气温突长数年后我国和北半球温度突升,接着高原季节增强,高原“季风多雨区”变温,“季风少雨区”变干,反之则相反,进一步分析表明,地球自转速度和太阳黑子周期长度的变化对高原及北半球本世纪气候的突变和阶段性变化起着重要的作 相似文献
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本文以小波分析的多分辨分析理论为基础，建立了一个自适应的多分辨数据滤波器。该滤波器不仅具有传统方法所不具有的局部化、多层次、多分辨的优点，而且对于突变点的判断也象M-K方法一样的精确。此外，该滤波器还具有可以同时判别多个突变点而不改变原时间序列的大尺度结构的优点。本文的应用表明:中国近百年来的气温变化主要经历了三个持续近30年的冷暖交替，它们分别是1919年以前的偏冷期；1920年至1954年的偏暖期和1955年至1986年的偏冷期。对应于这种较大时间尺度的气候演变，中国的气温变化表现出了十分明显的突变特性，其冷暖交替的突变点分别发生在1920年、1955年和1987年。对应于较小时间尺度的气候演变来说，中国近百年来的气温变化则增加了更多冷暖交替的层次结构和突变点。云南近百年来的气温变化与中国的气温变化是基本一致的，但与北半球和全球的气温变化并不完全一致，其中最主要的差异是北半球和全球的气温变化在1955年至1978年是一个极弱的偏冷期，1979年发生明显增暖的突变，而云南和中国的气温变化在1955年至1986年则是一个极强的偏冷期，从1987年开始才出现明显增暖的突变。 相似文献
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黑龙江气候变暖的时空变化特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
进入80年代以来，黑龙江气温明显变暖，近120年来年平均气温上升1.4℃，春季次之，气温突变在1990年前后，从年、各季平均气温变化趋势与全国北半球及全球气温变化进行比较，年及冬季我国增暖中心在黑龙江，春季增暖中心在内蒙古北部及黑龙江省；夏秋增暖不明显，但仍有上升趋势，近50年来，50～70年代黑龙江省及全国各大区域普遍增暖不明显，80年代开始黑龙江省增暖明显，三北地区次之，90年代黑龙江增暖更加明显，而全国及其他区域上升已达到80年代北方增温幅度，这里从黑龙江变暖的事实，突变时间，与全球、北半球、全国区域的气温及雪盖海温变化关系来揭示黑龙江气候变化的时空特点。 相似文献
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时间序列转折突变点检测的线性函数方法 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
根据转折突变的定义，在引入线性半截多项式的前提下，提出检测时间序列转折突变点的一种新方法。此方法不仅能找出时间序列中存在的多个转折突变点，而且使得检测到的突变点通过统计显著性检验。应用此方法对北半球1851—1990年年平均气温距平及其11年滑动平均序列，1901—1999年昆明5月降水及其11年滑动平均的降水序列分别进行了检测。发现北半球年平均气温距平在1879、1889、1939和1973年附近出现了年际转折突变，在1878、1888和1941年以及1972年出现了年代际尺度的转折突变；昆明5月雨量不存在年际转折突变点，但昆明5月雨量在1918、1966以及1978年附近出现了年代际尺度转折突变。 相似文献
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利用枣庄1958-2005年逐月平均气温序列，计算了其统计特征量、长期变化趋势、振荡周期和突变现象。结果表明：（1）枣庄气温具有明显的季风性大陆气候特征，总体呈现正态分布。（2）近50年来，枣庄气温总体上呈上升趋势；枣庄的年、季气温都存在突变现象且都在20世纪80年代末期到90年代初期；（3）各季节的气温都存在一定的显著震荡周期，有的还含有很强的超长期变化趋势。 相似文献
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20世纪80年代以来黑龙江气候变暖的初步分析 总被引：48，自引：2，他引：46
利用观测资料,分析了黑龙江120年以来气候变暖的特征.研究指出,20世纪80年代以来,全球气候变暖已成为人们关注的焦点,黑龙江地处中高纬气温明显变暖,近120年来年平均气温上升1.4℃;冬春季升幅最大为1.8℃,气温突变在1990年前后.从年、季平均气温变化趋势与全国及北半球、全球气温变化的比较得出,年、冬季我国增暖中心在黑龙江,春季在内蒙古北部及黑龙江,夏秋增暖不明显,但仍有上升趋势.20世纪50～70年代黑龙江及全国各大区域普遍增暖不明显,80年代黑龙江增暖幅度开始增大,三北(东北、华北、西北)地区次之.90年代黑龙江增暖更加显著,而全国及其他区域上升已达到80年代北方增温幅度.研究还指出黑龙江气温与北半球、全球气温变化趋势基本一致,尤其80年代至今气温都有显著的上升. 相似文献
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Using multi-resolution theory of wavelet analysis,this paper studies the multi-scale structure of surface air temperature variations for the Northern Hemisphere and China during the last one hundred years.The results show that the climatic variations for the Northern Hemisphere can be described as 3 hierarchies corresponding to the larger-scale changes.They are the cold period before 1919,the warm period from 1920 to 1978 and the warmer period after 1979.The larger-scale hierarchical changes obviously show qualities of climate jump.The years 1920 and 1979 are the jump points of climate change.The surface air temperature variations for China are not entirely analogous to the Northern Hemisphere,and the main contrasts are that China is in the cold period after 1955 and the jump point of warming is 1987.The surface air temperature variations for the Northern Hemisphere and China during the last one hundred years obviously show the hierarchical structure of multi-scale changes and the qualities of climate jump. 相似文献
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MULTI-SCALE ANALYSES OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS FOR THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND CHINA DURING THE LAST ONE HUNDRED YEARS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using multi-resolution theory of wavelet analysis,this paper studies the multi-scale structureof surface air temperature variations for the Northern Hemisphere and China during the last onehundred years.The results show that the climatic variations for the Northern Hemisphere can bedescribed as 3 hierarchies corresponding to the larger-scale changes.They are the cold period be-fore 1919,the warm period from 1920 to 1978 and the warmer period after 1979.The larger-scalehierarchical changes obviously show qualities of climate jump.The years 1920 and 1979 are thejump points of climate change.The surface air temperature variations for China are not entirelyanalogous to the Northern Hemisphere,and the main contrasts are that China is in the cold periodafter 1955 and the jump point of warming is 1987.The surface air temperature variations for theNorthern Hemisphere and China during the last one hundred years obviously show the hierarchicalstructure of multi-scale changes and the qualities of climate jump. 相似文献
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An aridity trend in china and its abrupt feature in association with the global warming 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fu Congbin 《大气科学进展》1993,10(1):11-20
A distinct aridity tread in China in last 100 years is presented by applying a linear fitting to both the climate re-cords and the hydrological records, which is supported by evidence of environmental changes and seems to be associ-ated with a global warming trend during this period.The Mann Kendall Rank statistic test reveals a very interesting feature that the climate of China entered into a dry regime abruptly in about l920’s, which synchronized with the rapid warming of the global temperature at almost the same time.According to an analysis of the meridional profile of observed global zonal mean precipitation anomalies during the peak period of global warming (1930-1940), the drought occurred in whole middle latitude zone (25oN-55oN) of the Northern Hemisphere, where the most part of China is located in. Although this pattern is in good agreement with the latitude distribution of the difference of zonal mean rates of precipitation between 4 × CO2 and 1 × CO2 simu-lated by climate model (Manabe and Wetherald, 1983), more studies are required to understand the linkage between the aridity trend in China and the greenhouse effect.The EOF analysis of the Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure for the season of June to August shows an ab-rupt change of the time coefficient of its first eigenvector from positive to negative in mid-lP^s, indicating an enhancement of the subtropical high over Southeast Asia and the western Pacific after that time. This is an atmos-pheric circulation pattern that is favorable to the development of dry climate in China. 相似文献
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北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)是北半球热带外地区大气环流变率的主导模态,对北半球以及区域尺度气温变化具有重要影响。AO可在没有外强迫条件下通过波流相互作用形成,因此它被认为是全球气候系统内部变率的重要组成部分。研究年代际尺度上AO的变化及其气候影响,可加深对当前北半球气候变化规律的物理理解,也可为预估未来年代际尺度上气候变化及其不确定性提供科学依据。本文从AO影响东亚冬季风年代际变化的物理机制、AO对北半球冬季气温长期趋势的贡献、AO年代际影响的不确定性三个方面出发,简要回顾和总结了近年来有关年代际尺度上冬季AO时空变化及其对北半球气候影响的研究成果,并初步展望一些值得继续深入研究的问题。 相似文献
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Climate Change in China from 1880 to 1998 and its Impact on the Environmental Condition 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
The global mean surface air temperature (SAT) or the Northern Hemisphere mean SAT has increased since the late nineteenth century, but the mean precipitation around the world has not formed a definite tendency to increase. A lot of studies showed that different climate and environmental changes during the past 100 years over various regions in the world were experienced. The climate change in China over the past 100 years and its impact on China's environmental conditions needs to be investigated in more detail.Data sets of surface air temperature and atmospheric precipitation over China since 1880 up to the present are now available. In this paper, a drought index has been formulated corresponding to both the temperature and precipitation. Based on three series of temperature, precipitation, and drought index, interdecadal changes in all 7 regions of China and temperature differences among individual regions are analyzed. Some interesting facts are revealed using the wavelet transform method. In Northeast China, the aridification trend has become more serious since 1970s. Drought index in North China has also reached a high value during 1990s, which seems similar to that period 1920s–1940s. In NorthwestChina, the highest temperature appeared over the period 1930s–1940s. Along the Yangtze River valley in central eastern China and Southwest China, interdecadal high temperature occurred from 1920s to 1940s and in 1990s, but the drought climate mainly appeared from 1920s to early 1940s. In South China, temperature remained at a high value over the period 1910s–1940s,but the smaller-scale variation of drought index was remarkable from 1880 to 1998. Consequently, the quasi-20-year oscillation (smaller-scale variation) and the quasi-70-year oscillation (secular variation) obviously exist in temperature and precipitation series in different regions over China.Climate change and intensified human activity in China have induced certain environmental evolutions, such as the frequency change of dust-storm event in northern China, no-flow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the runoff variation in Northwest China. On the other hand, frequent floods along the Yangtze River and high frequency of drought disaster have resulted in tremendous economic losses in the last decade in China. The primary reason for these happenings may be attributed to the evolution of the monsoon system in East Asian. 相似文献
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The wavelets and hierarchies of the climate system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Wavelet analysis of global mean temperature data, the drought-flood data of the past 500 years in China, and the temperature time series of Shanghai, highlights the following: (1) the climatic wavelets depend on the hierarchies of a climate system; (2) for different time scales or hierarchies, a climate system may have different catastrophic points and periods; (3) for different time scales or hierarchies, variation of the Southern Hemisphere temperature has an obvious phase-lag compared with that of the Northern Hemisphere and the catastrophe points also lag behind; (4) in a cold-warm period, the cold semi-period of the Northern Hemisphere is obviously longer than the warm one; (5) for different hierarchies or time scales, there exists a phase-lag for the droughtflood variation in China moving gradually with latitude from north to south. Finally, a new technique of climate diagnosis, the phase curve of wavelets, is put forward in this paper.With 6 FiguresSupported by Chinese NKPFR. 相似文献