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王晓娟 《高原山地气象研究》2016,36(2):75-81
利用中尺度天气图分析方法和雷达资料分析了2015年5月7日盆地南部边缘一次强风雹天气过程。结果表明:1)在有利的天气尺度系统影响下,高低空冷暖平流叠加区域和中低层干线和湿舌交汇区域是强对流天气发生的落区;2)雷达回波显示,强对流风暴具有弓形回波、穹窿、弱回波区等冰雹回波特征,中层径向辐合和反射率因子核心的反复上升下降对形成地面大风和冰雹具有重要的指示意义,降雹前后VIL的突变对冰雹的预警也有重要的预警作用;3)地面大风与地形的关系密切,地形对大风的形成有很好的促进作用。 相似文献
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浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象观测和区域自动站观测资料、闪电及多普勒雷达天气资料,对2013年5月29日浙中局地强对流天气过程的环境场、触发机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的;高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大;在热力不稳定能量增长储存条件下,冷空气、地面辐合线与中低层切变线是强对流天气的重要触发机制,地面辐合线对强对流天气还具有组织作用;沿等熵面移动的较大位涡有利于超级单体风暴的发生和发展;初夏0 ℃层高度偏高,但在满足强烈位势不稳定、中等风垂直切变以及低层充足水汽条件下仍可以导致局地小冰雹的产生;地面大风过程是低空暖湿气流入流在快要进入上升气流区时受到上升气流区的抽吸作用而加速导致生成的;多个回波强核被中气旋组织在一起,形成超级单体风暴造成了局地强风雹天气。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达资料,对一次罕见的鄂西南冬季强冰雹（直径1～3 cm）天气过程进行了分析,结果表明:强冰雹产生在上干冷、下暖湿,低空辐合、高空辐散的环流背景下,地面中尺度辐合和“喇叭口”的有利地形,给冷锋前暖区对流性天气提供了触发机制;地面冷锋南下伴随的垂直风切变增强有利于已经生成的对流风暴的维持和加强。强冰雹分别由孤立的超级单体和超级单体复合体（多单体结构中含有占支配地位的超级单体）产生。比较而言,孤立的超级单体发展更为高大,持续时间更长。风暴具有中气旋、高悬的强回波、低层入流、弱回波区与回波悬垂、中层径向辐合、风暴顶强辐散等超级单体风暴的典型特征;垂直累积液态含水量及其密度分别较长时间维持在35 kg·m-2和4 g·m-3以上的冬季高值;新一代天气雷达冰雹探测算法输出的冰雹指数产品预测到高概率的强冰雹。此次过程出现在冬末,虽然对流出现之后呈现出典型的风暴结构,可以提前10～30 min做出强冰雹的临近预警,但对于对流出现之前的提前数小时的强冰雹短时潜势预报而言,常用做判断强降雹潜势的探空特征（包括对流有效位能... 相似文献
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利用高分辨率再分析资料、双偏振雷达观测数据,揭示了江苏"4·30"强风雹成因及其雷达特征。结果表明,此过程发生在高空异常深厚的东北冷涡背景下,中层西北急流和地面暖低压均显著偏强,造成远超过经验性指标值的垂直风切变,利于风暴的增强及组织化发展。对流风暴的影响可分为30日午后到傍晚局地对流单体和傍晚到上半夜飑线两个不同阶段:第一阶段局地对流性强,能量积聚大,沿淮和淮北西部地区多局地性雷暴大风,并散发不同尺寸的冰雹;第二阶段在地面强冷空气大风及中高层干冷空气动量下传的影响下,飑线系统及其前缘阵风锋移动快速。飑线上弓形回波前端的强下沉辐散出流,叠加环境风的影响,导致江苏东南部地区区域性的极端灾害大风天气。雷达回波既可清晰显示冰雹云的一般回波特点,如反射率因子回波强,粒子均一性差等;也可反映不同尺寸冰雹回波的差异性,如回波强度越强,最大反射率因子高度越高,单体回波倾斜、弱回波区特征结构越清晰,三体散射特征越明显的风暴单体产生的冰雹尺寸越大;在没有大水滴包裹时,CC值随冰雹尺寸的增大而减小,且伸展高度增高等。综合分析雷达回波多个参量,如风暴单体和阵风锋的移速、风暴单体特征高度的下降速度、ZDR大值高度降低等指标,对对流灾害性大风量级的监测与预警有重要指示意义。 相似文献
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2006年5月26日和6月25日三门峡辖区均出现了以地面大风、冰雹为主的灾害性天气.利用常规观测资料和非常规加密探测资料以及雷达、卫星云图资料对这两次灾害性天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:这两次灾害性天气均是由500 hPa华北冷涡后部的下滑槽或横槽转竖带动北方冷空气急剧南下造成的下击暴流引发的强对流天气.当雷达回波顶高超过10 km、强度≥50 dBz并出现回波悬垂结构的超级对流单体或多单体超级对流风暴移来时,易产生强对流天气;强回波质心在移动过程中不断下降或回波悬垂结构、低层弱回波区出现在风暴后部时,是下击暴流发生的前兆;冰雹指数、风暴跟踪信息、中气旋3个产品叠加对强对流风暴发生、发展、移向的预报具有较好的参考作用. 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2018,(6)
利用常规观测资料、FY-2G/2E卫星黑体亮温(TBB)资料、多普勒天气雷达资料与ERA-Interim再分析资料,对2016年4月17—18日南岭山脉一次强对流天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)该过程前期,受地面倒槽与辐合线影响出现暖区降水,后期随着地面冷空气侵入配合低空切变线与高空槽东移南压迅速转变为锋面降水,强降水落区与南岭山脉走向一致,大暴雨由多个中尺度对流系统(MCS)移入和有利地形作用造成;大冰雹、雷暴大风主要出现在暖区降水时段,暖区短时强降水以高质心降水为主,锋面越山之后强天气主要为低质心短时强降水,雷暴大风和冰雹较少出现。(2)雷达回波图上中层径向辐合的出现,对雷暴大风具有预警参考意义;中气旋、高垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)、回波悬垂、有界弱回波等回波特征对提前预警大冰雹有一定的指示作用。(3)不同类型强天气发生的大气层结条件存在差异,上层干区深厚、低层湿度条件较好有利于产生大冰雹,大的0—6 km垂直风切变有利于冰雹增长;大的下沉对流有效位能(DCAPE)是预报雷暴大风的一个参考指标;整层温度露点差和DCAPE小是判断只出现短时强降水的参考依据。(4)南岭及其附近地区"喇叭口"地形和迎风坡地形有利于低层气流辐合触发对流,造成暴雨多发和降水时间延长,南岭背风坡的锋生作用使南岭山脉南麓出现雷暴大风、冰雹等天气的可能性增大。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、多普勒雷达资料以及NECP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对2016年9月22日内蒙古河套地区强冰雹天气成因进行分析,结果表明:在前倾槽有利的天气尺度环流背景下,中高层干冷空气叠加在低层暖湿空气上形成了对流不稳定层结条件。较大的对流有效位能(CAPE)、假相当位温θse高能区、0～6 km中等强度的垂直风切变有利于强冰雹的形成。反射率因子有"钩状回波"、前侧入流缺口、后侧入流缺口;前侧入流缺口表明有上升气流,强盛的上升气流有利于空中大冰雹的增长,后侧入流缺口表明有下沉气流,有可能引起破坏性大风。基本径向速度剖面有明显的中气旋特征,强烈的辐合有利于对流风暴上升运动的进一步发展;对流风暴后侧有辐散下沉气流降落到地面,辐散风出流促使对流风暴前沿的暖湿气流强迫抬升,从而使上升运动得到进一步的加强。反射率因子剖面有弱回波区、回波悬垂且55 dBZ以上的强回波核心位置超过-20℃层等温线高度以上;弱回波区左侧的回波强度高达55～60 dBZ且已经接地,表明有大冰雹降落到地面。 相似文献
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利用常规的地面、高空形势图以及雷达观测资料,对2017年4月15日发生在湖北恩施山区的一次局地性强冰雹天气过程的成因进行了分析。结果表明:锋前地面暖低压的热效应,加强了地面辐合和不稳定能量的积聚,使上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结更加明显,地面辐合线和中低层切变辐合区的存在,为风暴单体形成提供了良好的环境条件;在中尺度辐合线动力抬升作用下,低层辐合上升触发了对流不稳定能量的释放,加上山区"喇叭口"有利地形的抬升作用,更激发了强对流天气的发展;此次强对流天气过程中,表现出了多单体风暴此消彼长的特征,在有利的大气环境条件和地形条件下,多单体风暴的发展加强,强风暴较长时间维持,是此次局地出现强冰雹的重要原因。雹暴单体的垂直结构反映出了低层入流、弱回波区、高强回波悬垂等典型特征,中层径向辐合和风暴顶辐散共同作用,有利于风暴单体得以维持和发展,也是造成局地冰雹天气的重要原因。单体风暴反射率因子较长时间维持在60dBz以上,并对应较大的VIL值出现;此次强冰雹天气,局地性强,影响范围小,其主要原因是0～6km垂直风切变不大,同时,中低层湿层浅薄,地面湿区明显偏南,仅在冰雹落区附近出现一个小范围的近饱和湿区,不利于风暴天气有组织的大范围发展。 相似文献
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叶东 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(5):44-52
利用6小时NCEP 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料、常规观测资料和多普勒雷达资料等，对2018年6月13日发生在河南省北部地区的一次风雹天气过程进行诊断分析，结果表明：（1）此次强风雹天气发生在华北冷涡后部西北气流中，强天气发生前大气整层较为干燥，冷涡后部横槽南下，自上而下带来干冷空气，低层水汽辐合与午后地面高温共同作用，形成上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结；（2）地面辐合线和弱冷锋是此次风雹天气的触发机制；（3）对流单体在干侵入的一侧首先发展加强，随后在地面辐合线附近不断产生小的对流单体，对流单体合并后进一步加强，逐渐形成弓形回波带,大风出现在回波带前侧地面辐合线附近，冰雹出现在中气旋左侧区域;（4）对流单体的移动方向与地面辐合线一致，地面辐合线稳定少动有利于对流系统的增强，地面辐合线断裂后对流系统迅速减弱消亡。这些结论为强风雹短临预报预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
15.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
18.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
19.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
20.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献