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1.
一次华北飑线的阵风锋天气过程分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动站观测资料和雷达探测等资料,对2013年8月4日晚上华北一次飑线的阵风锋引发的雷暴、大风等强对流天气的特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:地面冷锋与前倾槽的配置构成了有利的大尺度环流背景,地面中尺度高压外流冷空气与环境风场形成的中尺度辐合线,使得对流活动加剧,促使新的雷暴生成或加强。飑线成熟阶段具有明显的波动特征,并向右向发展。阵风锋首先产生于飑线的强雷暴群前,并随着飑线的增强而增强;阵风锋的维持主要依靠风暴持续的下沉气流,下沉气流减弱后阵风锋会随之减弱。飑线及阵风锋过境时均伴有气象要素的剧烈变化,在系统发展强盛时,阵风锋过境气象要素的变化幅度大于飑线的变化,其余时段则偏弱。飑线减弱以后,阵风锋还会维持一段时间,这需要加强系统的监测。 相似文献
2.
山东半岛海风锋在一次飑线系统演变过程中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2016年6月30日生成于华北南部的一次长生命期的强飑线过程，造成了山东地区大范围风雹天气。文中利用常规观测资料、区域自动气象站观测数据及雷达监测产品，分析了山东半岛复杂的海风锋特征在这次飑线系统的断裂、再组织化以及极端大风、冰雹灾害形成过程中的重要作用。结果表明:（1）初始对流是在地面冷锋辐合线上触发的弱对流，在对流系统向更不稳定区域移动时与水平对流卷相交，对流迅速发展，并组织成东西走向的直线型飑线。（2）飑线系统在平原地区继续向前移动的过程中发生断裂，这一过程与渤海湾在黄河三角洲形成的两条移动方向不同的海风锋以及飑线系统的阵风锋有关:向内陆推进的两条海风锋与阵风锋在飑线系统中段的前部相交，诱发新生单体，造成该处对流系统更快地向前传播，最终导致飑线系统断裂；与此同时，断裂后的西段风暴因低层暖湿入流被切断而逐渐减弱。（3）断裂后西段残留风暴系统出流阵风产生的新生风暴向东北方向发展，与断裂后的东段风暴的后向传播（向西南方向发展）机制相互作用，完成了飑线的再次组织化，形成了具有典型弓状特征、水平尺度更大、近似于东北—西南走向的飑线系统。（4）长生命期飑线系统造成的极端雷暴大风和最大冰雹出现在飑线再组织化初期，位于飑线系统“弓部”位置，地面极端雷暴大风是冷池密度流、后侧入流急流和水成物对应的前侧下沉气流共同作用的结果，其中与后侧入流急流几乎完全分离的、与水成物对应的前侧下沉气流在这次极端地面大风发生时可能起到了重要作用。（5）山东半岛东侧的黄海海风锋向内陆推进（东南向西北）过程中与自西北向东南移动的飑线相遇，加强了风暴前侧的抬升、水汽供给和组织化程度，为飑线的长时间维持提供了有利条件。 相似文献
3.
利用雷达和地面加密自动气象站、日本气象厅（JMA）区域谱模式（RSM）再分析资料,对2008年7月2日发生在浙北的连续3次飑线过程（其中第3次在近海生成了弓形回波）进行诊断分析。分别探讨3条飑线发展演变情况和对应的各种环境场条件,侧重对比下垫面温度、湿度、风辐合等条件与对流发展演变的关系,尤其是海陆边界对对流新生与加强的作用。从水平、垂直方向分析第3条典型弓形飑线形成过程中单体的发展、减弱、出流、入流、新单体生成、传播等过程。研究发现,在天气背景相似的小范围区域内,气温高、湿度大之处、锋面、辐合线、海岸线附近容易新生单体和加强对流。强对流系统对下垫面也有反馈作用,进而影响对流系统的发展变化:强雷暴单体的下沉气流在近地面形成冷池,其前侧冷空气向外辐散形成阵风锋,迫使锋前暖湿气流在冷池上抬升,在阵风锋附近产生新的对流单体,形成对流系统的传播。强单体经常在海岸线附近生成、加强,尤其是阵风锋与海岸线相交时。 相似文献
4.
华南暖区暴雨中一次飑线的中尺度分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用地面加密观测资料、高空观测资料、多普勒雷达观测和雷达风场反演资料等,分析造成2010年5月6—7日华南暴雨中一次飑线的演变过程及三维结构特征。结果表明:(1)此次飑线过程发生于200 hPa高空辐散区、500 hPa高空槽后、地面准静止锋锋前暖区内,850 hPa飑线北侧为切变线,东南侧存在低空急流,中低层为中等强度垂直风切变。(2)该飑线系统初始对流单体由西风受广西大瑶山脉地形阻挡而触发。发展过程中两广交界处不断生成新单体,东移发展并入对流带,单体发展及对流带的形成与地面中尺度辐合线关系密切。(3)该飑线在形成过程中存在对流带与对流单体的锢囚过程,锢囚过程中地面辐合线及中层中气旋起组织作用,至盛期对流带东段出现弓形回波结构。强降水拖曳、雨滴蒸发冷却增强下沉气流及中层冷空气入流,造成地面冷池及后部辐散出流,促进弓形回波发展。(4)成熟期飑线系统包含弓形回波、冷池及不明显的层状云区,三维结构特征与经典飑线类似,但无涡旋对,雷暴高压也不明显。 相似文献
5.
2014年一次飑线的发展维持原因分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
应用常规观测资料、区域自动站数据及多普勒雷达监测产品,对2014年7月29日豫北飑线的形成机制、结构特征及发展维持原因进行研究。结果表明：此次飑线过程发生在“槽前型”大尺度环流背景下。对流发生前,冷空气侵入高空槽前与低层发展的暖湿气流在对流潜势区叠加建立了不稳定层结。根据飑线的演变特征将其生命史分为组织发展阶段和再生阶段。在其组织发展阶段,东移高空槽和发展的地形辐合线是其主要驱动和组织触发机制。系统前沿阵风锋、主风暴及后部层云区形成的前侧入流与后侧出流共存、低层辐合与高层辐散共存的垂直环流,与水平方向上环境入流与系统出流共存并错开的环流体现了成熟期飑线高度的自组织结构特征,并形成了风暴发展的正反馈机制,正反馈机制的建立使其得以长期维持。另外,飑线与其他风暴发生对流合并也是其组织结构迅速增强的重要原因。在其再生阶段,豫东地区适宜的热力条件及中等以上强度垂直风切变条件对飑线的组织发展极为有利。飑线与北上的弓形回波发生对流合并使近地面形成中尺度雷暴高压,变压风与环境气流在中尺度湿区附近建立的辐合抬升运动为飑线再生提供了重要的触发机制。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象观测资料、诊断分析资料和榆林的多普勒雷达资料对2006年7月30日陕北北部地区产生的系列阵风锋天气分析,结果表明：第一次阵风锋是孤立的对流脉冲风暴产生的,有冷空气的再次补充过程,使第一次阵风锋得以维持较长时间;中层暖湿气流的补充使孤立的脉冲风暴产生下沉气流后,再次加强并维持较长时间;阵风锋后部冷空气堆中蓄积的能量是阵风锋维持较长时间的原因之一;下沉气流在地面形成的冷空气堆在移动过程中,最大速度并不位于阵风锋上,距阵风锋有一定的距离;速度图较反射率因子图能更好地反映出下沉气流在地面形成的冷空气堆。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)的逐6h再分析资料结合ARW-WRF中尺度数值模式模拟结果对2018年6月20日发生在福建沿岸的一次飑线过程的发生发展机理进行了分析,结果表明:①本次飑线过程属于槽前型,对流层低层存在发展的低涡切变,切变南侧有冷空气南下,低空西南急流不明显,但有持续的暖湿气流输送至福建中北部地区,飑线生成于低涡南侧的沿岸附近。②飑线发展期间系统南侧低层风速不断增大且维持高的水汽输送和不稳定能量;前期对流的触发因子包括锋面对流系统的冷出流、地形的抬升以及海风锋造成的冷堆强迫抬升;后期冷出流边界与海风锋边界碰撞合并,加强了低层辐合促进了对流的发展,是飑线形成的主要原因。③飑线成熟时期地面存在中高压和尾流低压,高压后部为强烈的辐散区,风速较大;成熟时期内部存在两支气流,前向入流为低层暖湿气流在飑线前方流入并在对流云区被抬升,后向入流为中层干冷空气在飑线后方流入,在低层形成下沉运动,是地面大风形成的重要原因之一。 相似文献
8.
阵风锋过程一般伴随中尺度强对流系统发生, 在近地层形成很大的阵风及风切变, 容易造成风灾, 特别是对航空部门有很大的影响。本文对2006年6月29日发生在南京的一次由强中尺度对流系统引发的阵风锋过程进行分析, 通过多普勒天气雷达资料以及地面中尺度观测网观测到的实况, 可以清楚地看出这个阵风锋系统的结构。当阵风锋经过时, 地面测站观测到明显的风向变化、 风速增大、 气压增强、 温度下降, 而后出现强降水等特点, 这些都符合阵风锋的结构特征。利用地面测站实时观测到的气压、 相对湿度、 温度等计算得到折射指数, 它在阵风锋刚经过时迅速增大, 而后随阵风锋外移逐渐减小, 但是因为阵风锋后对流系统的影响, 折射指数还要维持很长时间的高值。从雷达观测的反射率强度上能看到阵风锋位置的回波强度、 高度都比两侧要大, 与后方强对流系统之间的距离有5～10 km。对雷达观测到的径向速度进行反演, 可看到上层的速度大于近地层速度, 并且强速度中心靠前, 在近地层形成向后的气流(回流)。阵风锋在多普勒速度场中表现出明显的线状组合切变, 利用阵风锋的这个特点设计自动识别算法, 能够有效地对阵风锋进行识别, 组合切变也能有效地对阵风锋的发展以及移动作预报。 相似文献
9.
应用地面、探空、机场自动观测、NCEP再分析资料、多普勒雷达等资料,重点分析了多普勒雷达数据产品,探讨了机场低空风切变形成原因。结果表明:(1)机场低空风切变的主要原因是γ中尺度对流单体底部的紊乱气流造成,此对流单体由北阵风锋与地面中尺度辐合线交汇诱发生成,多个γ中尺度对流单体迅速消亡后产生的下沉气流加强了地面中尺度辐合线,阵风锋和辐合线引起机场低空风切变的产生;(2)风切变过程发生前,皖北地区为不稳定大气层结,925hPa的风场辐合为强对流天气提供触发机制,流经黄海的偏东气流为低层带来充足水汽,皖北强对流风暴的发展和消亡是北阵风锋发生的根本原因;(3)风暴后侧中层干冷空气的侵入阻碍了风暴前沿上升的暖湿气流,促进了风暴内部冷空气的下沉和垂直动量交换,增强了近地层出流强度,两次强反射率因子核高度的迅速下降是北阵风锋发生的直接原因。 相似文献
10.
浙江沿海中尺度辐合线对飑线发展影响的数值试验 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
利用Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) 中尺度数值模式, 结合常规观测资料、地面加密自动气象站资料、云迹风等资料较好地模拟了2006年6月10日严重影响浙江的一次强飑线演变过程, 得到了与实况比较接近的飑线中尺度特征, 结果表明: 强对流活动与边界层内的中尺度辐合有密切联系, 除了雷暴出流在其前沿形成的阵风锋外, 还模拟得到了宁波东部地区的中尺度气流辐合线 (简称宁东辐合线); 宁东辐合线呈现出明显的西干东湿、东侧上湿下干和弱的稳定层结特征, 其存在阻挡了边界层顶强不稳定的东传; 在宁东辐合线东侧的山谷地带, 近地面形成一个尺度仅为10～20 km的中尺度垂直闭合环流, 该环流导致地面弱的东风气流又反过来加强了宁东辐合线。当之前已存在的雷暴出流形成的阵风锋辐合线与宁东局地辐合线相遇时, 形成一条新的阵风锋, 边界层之上的湿度显著增强, 强不稳定得到逐步释放, 加剧了对流的爆发, 天气现象进一步加重。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
14.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
15.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
18.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
19.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献