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1.
台风珍珠和鲇鱼北折路径对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
“珍珠”（0601,Chanchu）和“鲇鱼”（1013,Megi）都是发生北折路径的台风,通过分析发现导致台风珍珠和鲇鱼路径北折的天气形势变化有一些相同点：都发生在环境场的调整中,有西风槽影响华南的副热带高压,使之减弱东退、台风移速减慢,然后副热带高压加强并从台风南部向西南伸展、与赤道高压打通,其西侧的偏南气流与越赤道气流会合引导台风向北移动;同时有弱冷空气南侵。上述环境场的突然变化导致引导气流方向发生突然变化,是这两个台风西行北折的重要原因。引导气流分析还发现,秋台风鲇鱼最佳引导气流所在高度低于初夏台风珍珠。另外,不同的路径预报方法、不同的模式和超级集合预报提供了各种台风路径预报信息,在应用这些信息时要密切结合实况天气形势的变化,进行路径预报订正。 相似文献
2.
1109号超强台风“梅花”预报误差分析及思考 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
针对2011年第9号超强台风＂梅花＂的预报服务,中央气象台在其路径、强度和降雨预报方面均出现了一定偏差,在一定程度上造成了预报服务的被动。本文利用常规及非常规气象资料、业务数值预报模式、NCEP再分析资料（1°×1°）以及国家气象中心海气耦合模式对＂梅花＂的预报偏差进行了初步分析,结果发现：（1）＂梅花＂路径预报偏差的主要原因是乐观地估计了日本附近副热带高压向黄海的西进,而西风槽和双台风对＂梅花＂北上具有重要影响,＂梅花＂东侧的1110号台风＂苗柏＂东北行则对副热带高压南落具有一定指示意义;（2）当数值预报存在较大分歧时,如何更好地发挥集合/集成预报的作用,是进一步提高台风路径预报准确率的关键;（3）＂梅花＂强度预报偏差的主要原因是仅片面考虑了海温的影响,而忽视了干空气卷入和环境风垂直切变对台风强度变化的影响;（4）＂梅花＂降雨预报的偏差除了受＂梅花＂路径和强度预报的偏差影响外,还与业务预报中对＂梅花＂干台风特征的估计不足以及中低纬系统相互作用弱有关。 相似文献
3.
路径突变是台风路径预报中的一个难题。2010年第10号台风Meranti（1010）在台湾岛南部海域西移过程中突然北折,而欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）集合预报对其北翘路径存在较大分歧。选取预报成功与不成功两组集合成员各8例,对比分析台风Meranti路径变化的主要原因。结果表明:（1）一个来自热带对流层上部槽的切断高空冷涡（UTCL）是该台风路径变化的一个重要影响系统。Meranti北翘路径跟它与UTCL的南北向耦合有关;（2）UTCL通过改变台风上层的环境气流影响台风引导气流。在UTCL移至台风北部过程中,台风的偏南风引导气流明显加强,有利于其路径北翘;（3）UTCL对台风Meranti北翘路径的影响还与其自身结构有关。水平环流宽且气旋性涡旋向下垂直伸展更深的UTCL对台风路径变化影响更明显;（4）位涡倾向方程的诊断分析表明,在TC与UTCL南北向耦合过程中,台风北部的正位涡水平平流项输送显著,有利于台风向北运动,且UTCL影响下产生的非对称风场在其中起主要作用。 相似文献
4.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF) ERA Interim全球再分析资料(1.5 °×1.5 °)分析了1013号超强台风“鲇鱼”存在期间其东侧东风波的演变、结构以及对台风“鲇鱼”北翘路径的影响。结果显示:在“鲇鱼”存在期间,副热带高压南部、台风“鲇鱼”以东存在明显的中高空东风波。在“鲇鱼”以东和180 °以西存在明显的两脊一槽结构。从250 hPa的位势高度场中心位置来看,其路径经历了西南偏西向西北偏西方向的转变,并最终同“鲇鱼”的高空环流合并。由于东风波槽西移,位于“鲇鱼”南侧的低压环流上空东风迅速增强,垂直切变加大,从而使得此低压环流减弱、消失。低压环流的消失使得“鲇鱼”南侧南风迅速加强。东风波槽的减弱、北抬,其两侧的高压脊区加强、合并。在“鲇鱼”西北侧西风槽发展南落的共同影响下,台风“鲇鱼”路径发生北翘。 相似文献
5.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)集合预报资料,对比分析了成功预报"鲇鱼"北翘路径的成员(北翘组)和没有预报"鲇鱼"北翘路径的成员(西行组)的环境场及台风环流特点。结果显示:从环境场来看,在预报前期北翘组在"鲇鱼"北侧的副热带高压偏弱,副热带高压断裂东退发生的时间比西行组早,而在预报后期,北翘组西风槽比西行组强;而从"鲇鱼"环流来看,初始时刻北翘组和西行组存在明显不同的非对称结构,在后期预报中,北翘组"鲇鱼"环流范围明显比西行组大。北翘组"鲇鱼"环流初始时刻的非对称结构以及其南侧偏弱的低压环流使得"鲇鱼"环流后期偏大、东南侧及东侧偏南气流偏强,这有利于"鲇鱼"北侧副热带高压断裂东退和西风槽发展南移。 相似文献
6.
基于GRAPES模式模拟强台风“珍珠”数值分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以T213L30模式产品及常规观测资料为基础,采用GRAPES数值预报模式对强台风“珍珠”（0601）的演变过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,GRAPES模式对“珍珠”的加强、移动路径和产生的暴雨都有较好的预报能力,尤其是对“珍珠”南海西行突然顺转90°折向北行异常路径的预报较为理想,且登陆点预报准确。通过对形势场（500hPa高度场、海平面气压场）、物理量场（温度、涡度、垂直速度、散度）、流场的数值模拟分析,认为“珍珠”路径的转折变化与副热带高压的东撤南退、冷空气的变化、越赤道气流的变化、台风的非对称结构有关。 相似文献
7.
从高空环流和基本气流的演变对2010年第13号台风＂鲶鱼＂进入南海以后路径发生向北＂急翘＂的大环流形势进行分析,并应用wrf模式输出的高分辨率资料,对台风中心附近的风场、温度场和θse场的分布进行探讨,得出：＂鲇鱼＂进入南海后,路径发生向北＂急翘＂是由于青藏高压增强并向东移,致使其前部高空槽加深发展,切断了华南高压和副热带高压的联系,并使华南高压南落至中南半岛一带,使台风西行受阻,逐渐转为北移。同时越赤道气流的北涌,使基本气流从东北气流转为西南气流,北偏东移动趋势加大。500～700hPa两层引导气流与＂鲶鱼＂路径有很好的对应关系。最大风速区的水平和垂直结构将影响台风移动的路径,台风中心的有向风速低值区移动的趋势,最大风速区的垂直尺度的变化对台风移动有指导意义。温度场的水平和垂直分布也将影响台风的移动路径,西侧冷空气的入侵使台风偏西移动的趋势减弱,台风中心有向等厚度低值区移动的趋势。θse的高能舌的分布,有利台风向北或北偏东方向移动。 相似文献
8.
为了进一步提高国家气象中心区域模式台风数值预报系统（GRAPES_TYM）的预报能力,2016年对模式参考大气廓线以及涡旋初始化方案进行了改进:由模式初始场水平方向平均的一维参考大气代替原来的等温大气,涡旋初始化方案取消了原涡旋重定位并将涡旋强度调整半径由原来的12°减小到4°。对2014—2016年的生命史超过3 d的所有台风进行了回算,路径及近地面最大风速统计误差分析表明:参考大气的改进可以减小模式对台风预报路径预报的系统北偏和平均路径误差,尤其是140°E以东的转向台风。涡旋初始化方案中强度调整半径的减小会进一步减小模式预报路径的北偏趋势,从而进一步减小平均误差。同业务系统预报结果相比,改进后的GRAPES_TYM（包括参考大气和涡旋初始化）可以使平均路径误差分别减小10%（24 h）,12%（48 h）,16%（72 h）,14%（96 h）以及15%（120 h）。同美国NCEP全球模式路径预报相比,GRAPES_TYM在西行、西北行登陆我国的台风路径预报有一定优势。 相似文献
9.
1323号强台风菲特特点及预报难点分析 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1
1323号台风菲特突然西折和近海强度维持是业务预报的主要难点,也是其风雨预报偏差的主要来源。本文利用常规气象观测资料、实时业务数值预报模式和NCEP再分析资料（1°×1°）,对“菲特”的特点和预报难点以及造成强风雨的成因进行了综合分析。主要结论如下：东亚高空副热带西风急流迅速增强导致副热带高压加强西伸是“菲特”路径突然西折的主要原因;副热带西风急流入口区右侧的强辐散是“菲特”近海强度维持及其北侧强风雨发生的主要动力机制;“丹娜丝”的存在除了为“菲特”强降雨的发生和维持提供充足的水汽输送外,还有利于副热带高压的西伸,也是“菲特”路径发生西折的主要原因之一;业务预报中,对对流层高层流场（尤其是副热带西风急流）的分析以及双台风相互作用的关注不够,可能是“菲特”路径、强度和风雨预报出现较大偏差的重要原因;此外,当台风路径集合预报发散度较大或不同集合预报系统出现截然不同的路径预报结果时,采用多模式集合预报订正技术将是提高台风路径预报准确率的有效途径之一。 相似文献
10.
《干旱气象》2020,(2)
2018年第18号台风"温比亚"北上引发辽东半岛普降大暴雨,局部特大暴雨,但业务数值预报模式在其路径、强度和降水预报方面均有一定偏差。利用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、常规和非常规气象观测资料、FY-2G卫星云顶亮温(TBB)和欧洲中期数值预报中心ERA-Interim全球再分析资料(0.125°×0.125°),对台风"温比亚"影响辽东半岛的预报进行分析。结果表明:(1)"温比亚"预报的难点是登陆后转向点及转向后路径的预报,西风槽和大陆高压东移阻挡了"温比亚"的西行;台风"苏力"的西北移,导致副高位置偏北,其与东北地区高压脊形成的高压带则有利于"温比亚"的北抬。(2)"温比亚"和"苏力"2个台风与副高之间所形成的东南风低空急流,提供了持续的水汽和能量,既有利于"温比亚"强度的维持,又诱发辽东半岛强降水的持续发生。(3)"温比亚"在变性过程中与西风槽以及低空急流相互作用有利于其北侧螺旋云系的发展。强降水落区与台风低层环流北侧辐合带内冷暖平流活动密切相关,冷暖平流交汇处的能量锋带对强降水有较好的指示作用。(4)数值预报模式对转向点和转向后的路径预报存在较大分歧,除了参考集合预报产品外,还可采用相似预报手段,对比分析相似个例和误差小的数值预报模式的大尺度环境场,借助于数值预报产品和相似个例进行订正。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献