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1.
根据华南地区110个站1961—2012年逐月平均气温资料,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法分析了华南地区气温的变化特征。结果表明,1961—2012年华南地区年平均气温以0.14℃/(10 a)的速率显著上升。20世纪70—80年代呈波动变化,90年代中后期气温有明显的上升,并在1997年左右发生突变性增温。从季节分布看,升温速率冬季最大,为0.22℃/(10 a),秋季次之,为0.18℃/(10 a),夏季和春季升温幅度较小,分别为0.11℃/(10 a)和0.09℃/(10 a)。从地域分布看,珠江三角洲地区和华南东部沿海是主要升温区域,升温速率为0.3℃/(10 a),海南平均为0.23℃/(10 a),而广西和广东西部、北部地区增温速率较小,为0.15℃/(10 a)。  相似文献   

2.
根据西沙海洋(环境监测)站的海面温度(SST)历史资料、1900—2016年Had ISST数据集中西沙海域1°×1°网格SST和其他气温历史资料,比较该海域不同气候基准期SST的差值,采用回归分析方法估算近100年、近56年SST的变化速率,探讨该海域SST变化与全球气候变暖的关系。结果表明:1)20世纪70年代以来西沙海域海洋站的SST基准值比Had ISST 1°×1°网格SST高0.13~0.19℃;2)1961—2016年西沙海域SST、南海区SST、华南沿岸SST与广东省年平均气温的上升速率在0.016~0.017℃/年之间;3)近100年西沙海域SST上升率为0.011℃/年,略高于同时期全球气候变暖速率(0.009℃/年)。  相似文献   

3.
近54年中国地面气温变化   总被引:192,自引:12,他引:180  
采用国家基准气候站和基本气象站地面月平均气温资料,在严格质量控制和非均一性订正的基础上,分析了1951年以来中国大陆地区近地表年和季节平均气温演化的时间与空间特征.结果表明,我国近54年来年平均地表气温变暖幅度约为1.3℃,增温速率接近0.25℃/10 a,比全球或半球同期平均增温速率高得多.全国大范围增暖主要发生在近20余年.气温变化的季节差异和空间特征与前人分析结论基本一致,冬季增温速率高达0.39℃/10 a,春季为0.28℃/10 a,秋季0.20℃/10 a,夏季增温速率最小,但也达到0.15℃/10 a.我国20世纪80年代初期开始的明显增暖主要表现在冷季,但进入90年代以来夏季增暖也日趋明显.从区域上看,中国大陆地区最明显的增温发生在北方和青藏高原地区,而西南的四川盆地和云贵高原北部仍维持弱的降温趋势.值得提出的是,作者给出的结果尚未考虑城镇化对地面气温观测记录的影响.  相似文献   

4.
文章选用1961—2018年内蒙古109个气象站的气温数据,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、气候倾向系数等方法,对内蒙古平均气温突变前后的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1961—2018年内蒙古年平均气温的增暖趋势非常明显,时间序列在1990年前后发生突变,而且平均气温在突变前、后存在时间变化和空间变化。(2)四季平均气温均呈明显增温趋势,但存在季节差异。春季平均气温的增温速率为0.428℃/10a,高于全年平均水平,突变时间在1996年;夏季平均气温的增温速率为0.312℃/10a,近58a夏季平均气温上升约1.8℃,与其他季节相比突变时间最晚,发生在1998年;秋季平均气温的增温速率最小,为0.297℃/10a,近58a秋季平均气温上升1.7℃,气温突变时间在1989年;冬季平均气温的增温速率最大,为0.463℃/10a,近58a冬季平均气温上升2.7℃。(3)从58a的增温空间分布上看,增温幅度差异明显:突变前的30a里,大部地区年平均气温增温速率在0.20℃/10a以上,其中,赤峰市大部地区的增温趋势不显著,其余地区的年平均气温都是显著或极显著的增温趋势;突变后的28a里,大部分地区的年平均气温增温速率0.10℃/10a和0.20~0.40℃/10a,其中,呼伦贝尔市的大部、赤峰市的大部地区平均气温增温趋势不显著,其余地区都在显著或极显著的增温趋势。  相似文献   

5.
华南冬季气温异常与大气环流和海温的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1961—2013年中国743个测站的逐日气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用EOF分解、相关、回归、合成等方法分析了华南冬季气温异常的气候特征及其与同期大气环流和前期海温的关系。结果表明,华南冬季气温总体一致性偏高,近52年来华南冬季平均气温以0.26℃/(10 a)的速率上升,但显著低于全国平均的冬季增温速率,并在1989年发生升温突变。华南冬季平均气温具有显著的年际和年代际变化。当西伯利亚高压和乌拉尔山阻塞高压均偏弱、阿留申低压偏强、东亚大槽偏弱、太平洋副热带高压加强、冷空气活动偏弱时,有利于华南冬季气温偏暖。华南冬季气温在年际尺度上与ENSO和西伯利亚高压联系更密切,在年代际尺度上,华南冬季气温增暖趋势与鄂霍次克海海温偏低、东亚大槽减弱密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
大型火电厂热排放对邹县环境气温影响的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
对1960—2009年邹城和兖州温度及温度日较差的年、季变化趋势进行分析,对比邹县电厂现况发展,研究电厂热排放对环境气温的影响程度和相对贡献。结果表明:近50 a来,邹城和兖州年平均气温呈上升趋势,年增温速率分别为0.326℃/10 a和0.124℃/10 a,且邹城显著增温时间与火电厂投产时间一致。1960—1994年,热排放增温率均为正值,最低气温高达0.51℃/10 a,日较差为-0.35℃/10 a,多个季和年值增温贡献为100%。1995—2005年,热排放增温率为正值,平均气温为0.209℃/10 a,最低气温为0.118℃/10 a,最高气温为0.056℃/10 a,日较差为-0.100℃/10 a,表现为热排放对平均气温和最低气温影响显著,对最高气温影响较弱,多个季增温贡献有所降低,仍显示出热排放对环境气温有相当程度的贡献。  相似文献   

7.
根据梅州市7个测站1961—2012年逐月气温资料,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall法和小波分析等方法,研究了梅州市近52年气温的时空变化特征。结果表明,近52年来梅州市年平均气温以0.009℃/年的速率显著上升,并在1998年发生了向暖的突变。冬季增温趋势最明显(0.018℃/年),其次是秋季(0.012℃/年),春夏季增温不明显。极端最低气温的上升幅度比同期极端最高气温要大。梅州中部升温最明显,西部次之,东部最小。梅州市年平均气温存在准4、8、10~12和20年的振荡周期,其中4、10~12和20年振荡变化是全时域性的,而且10~12年的变化周期在1981—2004年期间最为显著。  相似文献   

8.
亚洲中部干旱半干旱区近100年来的气温变化研究   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
利用亚洲中部干旱半干旱区1961—2003年共计69个站的气温实测资料,并通过EOF展开的延长插补方法,将研究区的气温序列延长到1901年,进而分析了这一区域近100年来的气温变化。研究表明,该区域气温的一致性变化占主导地位,同时存在东部季风区、中亚、蒙古高原和塔里木干旱区等4个主要温度变化分区,均表现出显著的增暖趋势,其代表站近100年来线性拟合的增温率分别为0.19,0.16,0.23和0.15℃/10a,研究区平均增温率为0.18℃/10a,冬季达0.21℃/10a,远高于北半球、全球和我国的增温率,但与青藏高原增温率相近。除20世纪10年代和50年代外,研究区气温变化主要取决于冬季温度的变化。研究区近100年来的气温变化经历了70年代以前的相对缓慢升温和以后的显著升温过程,且增温率越来越大。亚洲中部干旱半干旱区的气温变化过程与我国东部地区显著不同,没有出现明显的20~40年代暖期,整个升温过程由6次明显的锯齿状的升温-降温变化过程(即20,40,60,80,90年代和本世纪初气温变化过程)构成,升温阶段持续时间较长,幅度较大,而降温阶段时间短,幅度小,但不论升温还是降温过程,其变化幅度均大于我国东部和全球平均。  相似文献   

9.
通过一元线性回归、滑动平均等方法,对锦屏县1961-2008年近48 a来的平均气温、平均最高气温及平均最低气温变化进行分析。结果发现,近48 a来,锦屏县的年平均气温呈上升趋势(0.132℃/10 a),特别是90年代增温明显,且冬季变暖趋势大于夏季。年平均最高气温与年平均最低气温也呈上升趋势,但最高气温的增速(0.075℃/10 a)慢于最低气温的增速(0.204℃/10 a)。  相似文献   

10.
分析邹城站和参考站1960-2009年的年、季平均气温变化趋势特点,对比邹县电厂的发展情况,研究大型火电厂的热排放对环境气温的可能影响程度和相对贡献比例,结果表明,近50 a来,邹城站和参考站年平均气温序列不断上升,年气温增温速率分别为0.326 ℃/10a和0.19 ℃/10a,电厂投产后20 a内,邹城年平均气温热排放增温率为0.099 ℃/10a,其增温贡献率达19%.各季的增温表现为冬季增温最强,秋季次之,夏季较小,春季微弱降温,火电厂的热排放对邹城站地面气温增温贡献率冬季最大(79%),秋季次之(36%),夏季较小(24%).  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

20.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

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