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1.
根据2000~2013年华北地区72个地面观测站点的雾、霾日数资料挑选出华北地区出现雾、霾天气现象站数较多的40个样本,再利用这些样本同期的NCEP逐日再分析资料,对位势高度场进行聚类分析,结果表明华北地区发生雾或霾天气时的近地面环流形势可分别分为4类和5类。聚类结果揭示了雾和霾发生时大气环流具有不同的分型特征,只有弱高压型为雾、霾发生时的共有型,湿度场和冷暖平流输送在雾和霾天气发生时也存在显著差异。此外,在分析过程中发现同一天中存在雾、霾天气转换及同一时刻雾、霾共存的现象,本文也分析了这两种情形的环流形势特征,解释了其成因。  相似文献   

2.
根据1981~2015年华北地区地面基本气象要素定时值数据集和地面气候日值数据集站点资料,分别利用14时实测值法和目标区域极端事件的客观识别方法挑选霾日数和持续霾事件,并分析了它们的特征;,然后对持续霾事件进行了分类研究。结果表明:(1)华北地区霾日数空间分布极不均匀,有4个大值区:吕梁山和太行山之间的河谷地区、沿太行山以东的平原、河南北部、环黄海和渤海地区。(2)华北地区共挑选出111个持续霾事件,其中,持续3~5 d的事件最多,占了总数的86.5%,最长的事件可达12 d。(3)持续霾事件和霾日数的空间分布特征相似,且存在明显的年、季变化。1981~2015年持续霾事件数呈增加趋势,冬季增加最显著,其次是秋季和春季,夏季最少。(4)结合地形、霾日数、持续霾事件的分布和环流特征把持续霾事件分为7类,对发生频次较多的4类(华北地区型,河南北部及太行山以东的平原型,河南北部型,河南北部及环渤海、黄海地区型)的环流进行了对比分析。其环流形势的主要特征包括:对流层的中低层华北地区为纬向西风气流或脊前西北气流,我国南部或东南部地区高压西部的西南气流与华北地区的偏西气流产生弱辐合下沉气流;近地面层由于地形的影响形成垂直环流圈,霾最严重的地区一般出现在地形的东坡和垂直环流圈的下沉支。近地面东南气流和低层的西南气流向该地区输送了暖湿空气和污染物。华北地区霾发生位置的不同,主要由低层我国东部或者南部高压的位置和强度,以及局地垂直环流的下沉支的位置决定。这些研究结果可以为华北地区持续性霾的防控提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
选取2016~2019年四川地区156个站点的逐时能见度、相对湿度和温度资料,分析了霾的时空变化和对应的大气参数值变化特征。结果表明:四川地区霾天气的空间分布差异显著,川西高原和攀西地区发生较少,盆地发生较多。从季节变化来看,霾天气在冬季多发,春秋季次之,夏季最少。从日变化来看,霾在白天的发生次数远高于夜间,11~21时为高发阶段,03~08时为低发阶段;10~12时成霾最多,01~07时和23时成霾较少;20时和23时消霾最多,06~09时消霾最少;90%的霾在8 h内消散。结合气象要素分析,霾发生次数在气温介于7~14℃时最多;根据能见度划分的轻微霾和轻度霾发生次数较多,重度霾发生次数较少;霾发生次数在相对湿度介于2%~33%时最低,在其介于34%~79%时随相对湿度的增大而增加。   相似文献   

4.
大运会期间深圳重度灰霾天气特征及环流形势   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对第26届大学生运动会将于2011年8月在深圳市举办,利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析深圳8月份重度灰霾天气的分布特征、环流形势,以期为大运会期间天气服务保障提供科学依据。结果表明:8月是深圳一年中霾天气相对较少的月份;8月份深圳霾和重度灰霾天气均呈上升趋势;霾天气造成能见度明显下降,重度灰霾日平均能见度仅4 km,08:00~14:00是重度灰霾最容易出现的时段;大运会期间重度灰霾天气影响概率较低,且持续时间低于6 h;深圳8月份重度灰霾天气主要发生在副热带高压控制、热带气旋型两种不同的环流形势下,其中热带气旋型是8月份造成深圳重度灰霾天气的主要形势。  相似文献   

5.
近十年连云港市霾变化特征及其气象条件分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘瑞翔  刘端阳  姚雷  朱云凤  颜佳任 《气象》2020,46(7):959-970
利用连云港市气象和环境监测数据,分析2008—2018年该地区霾的变化特征及其与气象要素的关系,中-重度霾发生的天气背景和污染物源地特征。主要得到以下结论:连云港主城区霾日数从2011年起逐年显著增加,2013—2015年达峰值,之后逐年减少;冬季霾出现最为频繁,其中1月重度霾日数最多;1~2 m·s~(-1)风速最利于该地区霾的形成;WNW、WSW和SSW三个风向下连云港主城区霾出现的频率最高,受地形和工业布局等因素影响,在自海上来的偏东风下该地区霾出现的频率也较高。相对湿度在70%~80%时,霾出现频率最高,但更高相对湿度更利于中-重度霾形成。PM_(2.5)浓度与能见度、风速和相对湿度等气象要素的相关性均大于PM_(10)。根据地面环流形势,可将连云港地区霾的天气背景分为低压倒槽型、锋前型、高压前部型、高压后部型和均压场型5种,其中均压场型占比最大,达35.8%。逆温层结对中-重度霾的形成有较好指示作用,08时和20时逆温出现的频次和强度均大于14时。轨迹聚类分析表明,不同天气型下中-重度霾对应气团的源地、路径和移动距离均有明显差异。  相似文献   

6.
2013年1—2月华北雾、霾天气边界层特征对比分析   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
花丛  张碧辉  张恒德 《气象》2015,41(9):1144-1151
利用地面观测资料、中国气象局PM2.5质量浓度数据、L波段探空秒数据等,对华北地区三个大城市(北京、石家庄和太原)的雾、霾及晴天天气的地面风场特征及PM2.5浓度分布情况进行了统计分析。同时分析了典型雾、霾天气过程中的边界层气象要素垂直结构及逆温层特征,并与晴天过程做了对比。通过对不同强度雾、霾天气过程的边界层动力、热力学结构差异的讨论,发现逆温强度与雾、霾天气的能见度有负相关关系,并对雾、霾天气的发生有一定的预报指示意义。  相似文献   

7.
使用2008~2012年逐日地面观测资料,揭示了安徽不同地区雾、霾、晴空天气气象条件的差异,指出不同地区要根据本地特点建立雾、霾预报指标和预报方法。3类天气差异最大的地面气象要素是能见度和相对湿度。根据3种天气前一日和当日能见度和相对湿度分布特征,全省站点可以分为3类:1)从雾、霾到晴空,能见度递增、相对湿度递减,且差异显著,如合肥站;2)雾、霾天的能见度和相对湿度均很接近,但与晴空天差别较大,如阜阳站;3)能见度在雾、霾天无明显差别,但相对湿度在雾、霾天差异显著,如安庆站。地级市测站雾后即霾的可能性较大(大于50%),县城测站雾后即霾的可能性较低(低于25%)。垂直方向,雾时相对湿度随高度下降很快,850 h Pa中位值已降到20%(安庆)和45%(阜阳)以下,霾时相对湿度随高度下降缓慢,850 h Pa中位值仍在60%左右;另外,霾天边界层中上部风切变较小,雾天和晴空天边界层中上部都存在较大的风切变。  相似文献   

8.
采用2000—2017年1月地面和高空观测基本气象要素(气压、温度、湿度、风、能见度和雾-霾天气现象等)观测信息、1980—2016年1月NCEP再分析资料等,基于气候平均态的环流异常特征分析,发展对平均气候态出现异常变化的综合诊断分析方法,研究华北地区冬季典型雾-霾多寡年大气环流的三维结构及其遥相关异常特征。结果表明:2000—2017年冬季1月,华北平原、中原等黄河中下游地区冬季雾-霾的发生日数呈增加趋势,雾-霾发生日数线性增加拟合趋势相关确认系数为R2=0.36,超过0.001的显著性水平。基于气候平均态环流异常特征分析表明,华北平原、中原等黄河中下游地区雾-霾污染出现多、寡年的对流层大气大尺度环流分布差异显著。气候平均态的环流异常特征分析表明,多雾-霾年,在冬季1月影响中国的冷空气主要路径上,自极地区泰米尔半岛,经中西伯利亚、贝加尔湖地区到中国东部区域,对流层中层与高层位势高度距平呈现"高—低—高"的分布,在低层则出现"东高西低"的气候平均态异常分布;少雾-霾年,该分布型不复存在,并出现反位相特征。多雾-霾年的这种异常环流分布型可为中原至华北平原冬季雾-霾的频发提供有利的气候背景,是该区域冬季雾-霾多发的重要原因。  相似文献   

9.
2013年初江苏连续性雾-霾天气的特征分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
于庚康  王博妮  陈鹏  黄亮  谢小萍 《气象》2015,41(5):622-629
利用FNL资料、污染物颗粒浓度资料以及常规气象资料对2013年1月12—16日江苏地区的连续性雾 霾天气过程的环流形势、地面气象要素特征、大气边界层结构及大气污染状况等进行了分析。结果表明:高空形势变化平稳、中低层的暖平流配合稳定少动的地面气压场为雾 霾天气的发生提供了有利的环流形势;持续变化较小的气压梯度和较低的风速以及相对湿度的增大和PM2.5、PM10的浓度的变化为雾 霾形成和发展提供了条件;雾 霾期间低层都存在不同程度的逆温现象,混合层高度与AQI呈反相关关系,当混合层高度越低,AQI就越高,污染就越严重,能见度就越差;相对湿度的升高和PM2.5在污染物颗粒中的富集,是导致能见度下降和持续污染的首要原因,而强冷空气带来的大风降温是污染物颗粒被快速清除的重要动力机制;影响南京的污染物来源为:黄海、安徽地区、北方污染物的输送和本地的局地污染。  相似文献   

10.
对南沙区海陆风环流的季节分布、持续时间等特征及其对夏季最高气温和2月能见度的影响进行了统计分析。结果表明:南沙区海陆风环流较明显,发生比例最高集中在2、7和8月。海风和陆风互相转化的时段特征明显:陆风转海风主要发生于10:00—14:00,海风转陆风主要时段为18:00—次日01:00。通过海陆风环流对高温天气的影响分析表明,南沙地区夏季只有海陆风环流遭到破坏时才会出现高温天气。在海陆风日,海风和陆风的风向转变对南沙能见度的变化有一定的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

14.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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