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1.
热带西太平洋海-气热量通量研究 II. 热带气旋状况下海-气热量交换的特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文根据TOGA研究计划第1，2，3，8个航次考察结果，计算了热带西太平洋海-气热量交换值。研究结果表明:在热带气旋环流内海-气界面热量交换非常强烈，在双子台风环流内Qk出现负值，在台风环流内Qe也出现减弱现象。1986/1987年El Ni?o事件发生后，热带中太平洋水温异常增暖，热带西太平洋西部洋域表层水也在增暖，但是，热带西太平洋洋域海-气界面间热量交换反而减弱。西风爆发首先出现在中太平洋热带洋域，然后逐渐往西扩展。 相似文献
2.
为探索台风与海洋相互作用,用实测资料,计算了在东海和南海活动的共9个台风海-气界面热量交换值。结果:发现台风环流内,水温小于露点时,潜热出现负值,反之为正值,水温与露点相同时,潜热量值为零;台风环流内海-气界面热量交换强烈,主要贡献来自潜热,水温、气温均是下降趋势,气温下降更为明显;夏季,东海和南海海-气界面热量交换值量相近,海洋对大气响应为主。秋、冬季,海-气界面热量交换比夏季强烈,大气对海洋响应为主。结论:台风对海洋响应为主;秋、冬季,海-气界面热量交换,东海比南海更加强烈。 相似文献
3.
为探索台风与海洋相互作用,用实测资料,计算了在东海和南海活动的共9个台风海-气界面热量交换值。结果：发现台风环流内,水温小于露点时,潜热出现负值,反之为正值,水温与露点相同时,潜热量值为零;台风环流内海-气界面热量交换强烈,主要贡献来自潜热,水温、气温均是下降趋势,气温下降更为明显;夏季,东海和南海海-气界面热量交换值量相近,海洋对大气响应为主。秋、冬季,海-气界面热量交换比夏季强烈,大气对海洋响应为主。结论：台风对海洋响应为主;秋、冬季,海-气界面热量交换,东海比南海更加强烈。 相似文献
4.
热带气旋过程中海-气界面热量交换 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为探索热带气旋与海洋相互作用,采用国家海洋局南海分局Marex(马瑞克斯)数据浮标实测资料,计算了1986年南海的7个热带气旋海气界面热量交换值.结果表明:热带气旋海气界面热量交换强烈,主要贡献来自潜热通量;热带气旋环流内水温、气温均是下降趋势,气温下降更为明显;夏季热带气旋环流内,感热通量会出现负值,海面有效反射辐射通量出现减弱现象;秋季热带气旋环流内,感热通量和海面有效反射辐射通量显著加强;在热带气旋环流内,海面吸收的短波辐射通量均出现减弱现象;热带气旋环流内受到冷空气影响时,感热变得相当重要,热带气旋表现为对海洋的响应为主. 相似文献
5.
本文根据ＴＯＧＡ研究计划第１，２，３，８个航次考察结果，计算了热带西太平洋海－气热量交换值。研究结果表明：在热带气旋环流内海－气界面热量交换非常强烈，在双子台风环流内Ｑｋ出现负值，在台风环流内Ｑｅ也出现减弱现象。１９８６／１９８７年ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件发生后，热带中太平洋水温异常增暖，热带西太平洋西部洋域表层水也在增暖，但是，热带西太平洋洋域海－气界面间热量交换反而减弱。西风爆发首先出现在中太平洋热带洋域，然后逐渐往西扩展。 相似文献
6.
为探索西沙和南沙海气热通量时间演变特征，用海洋站观测资料计算了1998年南海夏季风爆发前后，海气界面热量交换值及海面热收支年循环。结果表明：季风爆发前，西沙海气界面热量交换较弱，水汽通量较小，以海洋获得热量为主；季风爆发后，海气界面热量交换接近平衡。南沙全年主要是海洋对大气加热。南沙和西沙海面吸收短波辐射年周期特征明显，极大值出现在冬半年。西沙海面潜热通量存在半年周期特征，极大值也是出现在冬半年。结论：冬半年海面热通量变化对翌年的季风将产生重要影响。 相似文献
7.
南海土台风生成及发展过程海气热通量交换特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用1985—2007年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)资料,定义生成于南海范围内并且发展强度达到热带风暴(TS)等级及以上的热带气旋为南海土台风,统计了南海土台风的季节演变特征,发现南海生成的TC约有68%发展成为土台风,其强度普遍较弱且与TC生成纬度和路径均有关。其频数的季节变化呈双峰结构,5月和7—9月是南海土台风的高发期。结合同期美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的1°×1°客观分析海气通量(WHOI_OAFlux)日平均资料,分析了南海土台风生成及发展各阶段的海气热通量分布特征。结果表明:南海土台风形成过程中,海洋向大气释放的热通量逐日递增,台风眼南侧的海洋为台风形成提供主要能量来源,随着台风发展热通量高值区都沿顺时针方向向台风北侧传播,体现了台风外围涡旋罗斯贝波的能量频散特征,土台风形成后,热通量的加强不再明显。在土台风整个形成及发展过程中,净热通量、潜热通量和感热通量三者的变化较为一致,以潜热对净热的贡献为主,最大热量交换位于台风移动方向的南半圆,可能与南海西南季风作用有关。 相似文献
8.
1986年东海与南海的海-气界面热量交换 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实测资料计算1986年7—12月东海和南海观测海域海-气界面热量交换。结果表明：7—9月上旬,大气向观测海域输送热量是主要现象,因为这时的气温比水温高,潜热通量与感热通量出现反相变化,天气晴好,海洋大量吸热;9月中旬—12月,观测海域向大气输送热量是主要现象,东海表现得比南海更为明显,主要贡献来自潜热通量和感热通量。受冷空气影响时,感热通量重要;在热带辐合带和热带气旋系统内海-气界面热量交换强烈,大气对海洋的响应为主。 相似文献
9.
影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区及机制初探 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
利用1958—2011年NCEP/ NCAR再分析资料和ERSST资料,采用Lanczos时间滤波器、相关分析、回归分析、合成分析和交叉检验等方法,研究了影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区海温异常的来源与可能机制。结果表明,前冬(12—2月)热带西南印度洋和热带西北太平洋是影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区。冬季热带西南印度洋(热带西北太平洋)的异常增暖是由前一年夏季El Ni?o早爆发(强印度季风异常驱动的行星尺度东-西向环流)触发、热带印度洋(西北太平洋)局地海气正反馈过程引起并维持到春季。冬季热带西北太平洋反气旋性环流(气旋性环流)及印度洋(热带西北太平洋)的暖海区局地海气相互作用使得印度洋(热带西北太平洋)海温异常维持到春末。春季,逐渐加强北移到10 °N附近的低层大气对北印度洋(热带西北太平洋)暖海温异常响应的东风急流(异常西风)及南海-热带西北太平洋维持的反气旋性环流(气旋性环流)异常,使得南海夏季风晚(早)爆发。 相似文献
10.
根据南海季风试验(SCSMEX)期间南海内区的三个ATLAS(Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System)锚碇浮标资料(1998年4月～1999年4月),采用谐波分析方法对南海上层海洋水温年循环、半年循环加以分离,发现无论在年循环还是在半年循环尺度上,18°N附近SCS1站与13°N附近SCS3站的水温变化次表层与表层呈反位相;15°20′N附近SCS2站水温变化基本上次表层与表层同位相.这说明不同区域上层海洋热变化受不同的正压与斜压模态控制.其次,SCS2、SCS3两点水温年循环振幅均在次表层达到极值;而SCS1在表层达到极大值,在100 m深度达到次极大值.3个站位水温半年循环振幅极值均出现在次表层内,这说明该层内的水温半年循环在温度变化趋势中所占的权重比在表层的权重大. 相似文献
11.
2°×2° mean monthly COADS grid data in 1974 and 1987 of E1 Nino and La Nina years are used to compute thesensible and latent heat fluxes,the net longwave radiation,the incident solar radiation and heat budget on the tropicalPacific surface(30°S—30°N).The difference of the heat budget between El Nino and La Nina mainly occurred on theequatorial ocean surface,especially the water area west of Ecuador and Peru.During El Nino,the sensible and latentheat exchange increased,the net longwave radiation and incident solar radiation decreased and the net gain(loss) of heatreduced(increased) on the ocean surface.During La Nina,the circumstances were opposite.Finally an ideal model ofair-sea heat exchange mechanism for the El Nino-La Nina cycle is summarized. Key words:El Nino,La Nina,air-sea heat exchange,COADS grid data 相似文献
12.
Cross-season relation of the South China Sea precipitation variability between winter and summer 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The present study reveals cross-season connections of rainfall variability in the South China Sea (SCS) region between winter and summer. Rainfall anomalies over northern South China Sea in boreal summer tend to be preceded by the same sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in boreal winter (denoted as in-phase relation) and succeeded by opposite sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in the following winter (denoted as out-of-phase relation). Analysis shows that the in-phase relation from winter to summer occurs more often in El Niño/La Niña decaying years and the out-of-phase relation from summer to winter appears more frequently in El Niño/La Niña developing years. In the summer during the El Niño/La Niña decaying years, cold/warm and warm/cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies develop in tropical central North Pacific and the North Indian Ocean, respectively, forming an east–west contrast pattern. The in-phase relation is associated with the influence of anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events that suppresses/enhances precipitation over southern South China Sea and the impact of the above east–west SST anomaly pattern that reduces/increases precipitation over northern South China Sea during the following summer. The impact of the east–west contrast SST anomaly pattern is confirmed by numerical experiments with specified SST anomalies. In the El Niño/La Niña developing years, regional air-sea interactions induce cold/warm SST anomalies in the equatorial western North Pacific. The out-of-phase relation is associated with a Rossby wave type response to anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during summer and the combined effect of warm/cold SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific and cold/warm SST anomalies in the western North Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events. 相似文献
13.
In the summers of 2003 and 2007, eastern China suffered similar climate disasters with
severe flooding in the Huaihe River valley and heat waves in the southern Yangtze River delta and
South China. Using SST data and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from NOAA along with
reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR, the 2002/03 and 2006/07 El Nino episodes in the central Pacific
and their delayed impacts on the following early summertime climate anomalies of eastern China
were analyzed. The possible physical progresses behaved as follows: Both of the moderate El Nino
episodes matured in the central equatorial Pacific during the early winter. The zonal wind anomalies
near the sea surface of the west-central equatorial Pacific excited equatorial Kelvin waves
propagating eastward and affected the evolution of the El Ni\~no episodes. From spring to early
summer, the concurring anomalous easterly winds in the central equatorial Pacific and the end
of upwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward in the western equatorial Pacific, favored the
equatorial warm water both of the SST and the subsurface temperature in the western Pacific.
These conditions favored the warm state of the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer
for both cases of 2003 and 2007. Due to the active convection in the western equatorial Pacific
in the early summer and the weak warm SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific from spring
to early summer, the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool showed the pattern
in which the anomalous strong convection only appeared over the southern regions of the tropical
western Pacific warm pool, which effects the meridional shift of the western Pacific subtropical
high in the summer. The physical progress of the delayed impacts of the El Ni\~no episodes in the
central equatorial Pacific and their decaying evolution on the climate anomalies in eastern China
were interpreted through the key role of special pattern for the heat convection in the tropical
western Pacific warm pool and the response of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone. 相似文献
14.
CLIMATIC FEATURES OF SEA TEMPERATURE OF WARM POOL AND RELATIONSHIP WITH SST OF ITS ADJACENT REGIONS*
In this paper,climatic features of sea temperature of western Pacific warm pool and the relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) of its adjacent regions are analyzed based on the observed sea temperature on vertical cross section along 137°E in western Pacific,the monthly mean SST of Xisha Station in South China Sea and the global monthly mean SST with resolution of 1°×1° (U.K./GISST2.2).The results indicate that (1) in a sense of correlation.SST of western Pacific warm pool can represent its sea subsurface temperature from surface to 200 m-depth level in winter,and it can only represent sea temperature from surface to 70 m depth in summer.The sea subsurface temperature anomaly of warm pool may be more suitable for representing thermal regime of western Pacific warm pool.The sea subsurface temperature of warm pool has a characteristic of quasi-biennial oscillation.(2)Warm pool and Kuroshio current are subject to different ocean current systems (3)Furthermore,the relationship between SST of Xisha Station and SST of warm pool has a characteristic of negative correlation in winter and positive correlation in summer,and a better lag negative correlation of SST of Xisha Station with sea subsurface temperature of warm pool exists.(4)Additionally,oscillation structure of sea temperature like "a seesaw" exists in between warm pool and Regions Nino3 and Nino4.January (June) maximum (minimum) sea subsurface temperature anomaly of warm pool may serve as a strong signal that indicates maturity phase (development phase) of La Nina (El Nino) event,it also acts as a strong signal which reveals variations of SST of Regions Nino3 and Nino4. 相似文献
15.
中纬度北太平洋依赖于ENSO事件及独立于ENSO事件的变率特征:观测事实与海气耦合模式模拟 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
观测事实显示,在E1 Ni(?)o发生期间,伴随着赤道中东太平洋的增暖,中纬度北大平洋中部表层海温（SST）常出现冷距平,而北美大陆西海岸SST则出现暖距平。借助观测资料分析和海气耦合模式模拟两种手段,检验了北太平洋对ENSO事件的上述响应。观测证据和数值模拟都支持有关学者提出的“大气桥”概念,即大气对赤道中东太平洋SST异常增暖的响应,随后强迫中纬度北太平洋,并导致那里SST的变冷,从而起到了连接热带和热带外特别是中纬度北太平洋的“桥梁”的作用。关于其机制,本文认为主要是海洋对大气强迫的动力响应导致那里的SST变冷,尽管潜热通量的贡献也很显著。至少模式结果证明短波辐射、长波辐射和感热通量的贡献都是次要的。进一步的分析揭示,北太平洋存在着线性独立于ENSO事件的所谓“北太平洋模态”,在空间型上,它和线性地依赖于ENSO事件的模态非常相近,即它们的纬向结构都呈现出扁平的“双极”型,只是彼此间SST距平极大值的中心位置不同。模拟结果表明,北太平洋模态与大气的耦合作用,主要是通过海气热通量交换实现的,其中短波辐射和长波辐射的作用居主导地位,而潜热通量的贡献则基本可以忽略。 相似文献
16.
ACTIONS OF TYPHOONS OVER THE WESTERN PACIFIC (INCLUDING THE SOUTH CHINA SEA) AND EL NINO 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Li Chongyin 《大气科学进展》1988,5(1):107-116
According to me lime cross-section or SSI in me equatorial eastern racing and me historical data on typhoon actions over the western Pacific (including the South China Sea), a composite analysis of the actions of typhoon over the western Pacific in El Nino year (SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific are continuously higher than normal) and in the inverse El Nino year (there are continuative negative anomalies of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific) is carried out. The results show that the actions of typhoon are in close relation with El Nino: The annual average number of typhoons over the western Pacific and South China Sea is less than normal in El Nino year and more in the inverse El Nino year; The annual average number of the landing typhoon on the continent of China bears the same relationship with El Nino; The anomalies of typhoon actions mainly occur during July-November and their starting are behind the anomaly of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Based on the generation and development co 相似文献
17.
Dietmar Dommenget Sabine Haase Tobias Bayr Claudia Frauen 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(11-12):3187-3205
In a recent study it was illustrated that the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode can exist in the absence of any ocean dynamics. This oscillating mode exists just due to the interaction between atmospheric heat fluxes and ocean heat capacity. The primary purpose of this study is to further explore these atmospheric Slab Ocean ENSO dynamics and therefore the role of positive atmospheric feedbacks in model simulations and observations. The positive solar radiation feedback to sea surface temperature (SST), due to reduced cloud cover for anomalous warm SSTs, is the main positive feedback in the Slab Ocean El Nino dynamics. The strength of this positive cloud feedback is strongly related to the strength of the equatorial cold tongue. The combination of positive latent and sensible heat fluxes to the west and negative ones to the east of positive anomalies leads to the westward propagation of the SST anomalies, which allows for oscillating behavior with a preferred period of 6–7 years. Several indications are found that parts of these dynamics are indeed observed and simulated in other atmospheric or coupled general circulation models (AGCMs or CGCMs). The CMIP3 AGCM-slab ensemble of 13 different AGCM simulations shows unstable ocean–atmosphere interactions along the equatorial Pacific related to stronger cold tongues. In observations and in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 CGCM model ensemble the strength and sign of the cloud feedback is a function of the strength of the cold tongue. In summary, this indicates that the Slab Ocean El Nino dynamics are indeed a characteristic of the equatorial Pacific climate that is only dominant or significantly contributing to the ENSO dynamics if the SST cold tongue is sufficiently strong. In the observations this is only the case during strong La Nina conditions. The presence of the Slab Ocean ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in observations and CGCM model simulations implies that the family of physical ENSO modes does have another member, which is entirely driven by atmospheric processes and does not need to have the same spatial pattern nor the same time scales as the main ENSO dynamics. 相似文献
18.
19.
对赤道东太平洋和西太平洋暖池海温与江淮流域夏季降水的关系作功率谱分析和相关分析.指出秋冬季增暖的厄尔尼诺事件对应江淮流域夏季降水偏多, 春夏季开始发展的ENSO事件江淮流域夏季降水偏少.对两种在不同季节增暖的ENSO事件对应的异常流场特征及其对江淮流域降水的影响用1991年和1994年实例作对比分析.不同季节增暖的ENSO事件在太平洋热带地区环流调整的不同阶段可能是影响夏季风活动和东亚夏季天气气候异常的主要原因. 相似文献