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1.
利用中国２９６个分布均匀的测站的逐日降水资料,研究了中国过去４５ａ中降水量、降水频率、降水强度等方面的极值变化趋势。结果表明,总体上讲,中国年降水量、１日和３日最大降水量以及不同级别的强降水总量没有发现明显的极端化倾向,但伴随着降水日数极端偏多的区域范围越来越小的变化趋势,平均降水强度极端偏高的区域范围表现为扩大的趋势。中国降水极值变化还反映出明显的区域性特点。在中国东部,平均降水强度极值出现的范围趋于扩大。如华北地区在年降水量明显趋于减少的同时,年降水量极端偏多的范围减少,１日和３日最大降水量、日降水≥５０ｍｍ和１００ｍｍ的暴雨日数极端偏多的情况也趋于减少,而平均降水强度极值显著增加。在年降水明显趋于增多的西北西部地区,降水日数的极值变化趋势不明显,但年降水量、１日和３日最大降水量以及日降水≥１０ｍｍ的降水总量极端偏多的区域范围均反映出趋于增加的变化趋势。 相似文献
2.
Recent trends in observed temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River basin,China 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
Summary The present study is an analysis of the observed extreme temperature and precipitation trends over Yangtze from 1960 to 2002
on the basis of the daily data from 108 meteorological stations. The intention is to identify whether or not the frequency
or intensity of extreme events has increased with climate warming over Yangtze River basin in the last 40 years. Both the
Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and simple linear regression were utilized to detect monotonic trends in annual and seasonal
extremes.
Trend tests reveal that the annual and seasonal mean maximum and minimum temperature trend is characterized by a positive
trend and that the strongest trend is found in the winter mean minimum in the Yangtze. However, the observed significant trend
on the upper Yangtze reaches is less than that found on the middle and lower Yangtze reaches and for the mean maximum is much
less than that of the mean minimum. From the basin-wide point of view, significant increasing trends are observed in 1-day
extreme temperature in summer and winter minimum, but there is no significant trend for 1-day maximum temperature. Moreover,
the number of cold days ≤0 °C and ≤10 °C shows significant decrease, while the number of hot days (daily value ≥35 °C) shows
only a minor decrease. The upward trends found in the winter minimum temperature in both the mean and the extreme value provide
evidence of the warming-up of winter and of the weakening of temperature extremes in the Yangtze in last few decades.
The monsoon climate implies that precipitation amount peaks in summer as does the occurrence of heavy rainfall events. While
the trend test has revealed a significant trend in summer rainfall, no statistically significant change was observed in heavy
rain intensity. The 1-day, 3-day and 7-day extremes show only a minor increase from a basin-wide point of view. However, a
significant positive trend was found for the number of rainstorm days (daily rainfall ≥50 mm). The increase of rainstorm frequency,
rather than intensity, on the middle and lower reaches contributes most to the positive trend in summer precipitation in the
Yangtze. 相似文献
3.
基于均一化资料的中国大陆极端温度的长期趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近百年来,全球气候变暖。这与暖日和暖夜增加,冷日和冷夜减少相关联。文章研究结果进一步证实了这一发现。本文基于1960-2012年中国大陆542个台站均一化气温资料,通过将中国大陆划分为8个次区域,利用百分位定义法计算了极端温度指数序列,同时,运用时间趋势分析法,对中国大陆各区域极端温度和极端温度指数的时空分布及变化趋势特征进行了分析。结果表明:在全球变暖的背景下,从地理分布而言,中国大陆在过去53年除西南地区外,大部分地区最低和最高温度有显著的升高趋势,其中,东北温度升高最为明显;从季节而言,冬季极端温度升高最为明显,夏季升高最少;最低温度明显升高,最高温度也有所升高,但是最低温度的升高幅度更大。冷夜和冷日出现频率呈减少趋势,暖夜和暖日出现频率呈增加趋势,其中以冷夜指数变化最为突出,均呈现一种区域差异的现象。本文利用更新的资料验证了前人的工作,也进一步分区分析,结果可为更多地区评估以及进一步的相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
4.
合肥市53年气温变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1953-2005年安徽省合肥市逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,应用最小二乘法和Morlet小波分析法,对合肥市温度变化进行了分析。结果表明,合肥市53a来年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温变化,均具有明显冷期和暖期交替的阶段性特点,而且冷期持续时间比暖期持续时间长;春季、秋季和冬季年平均气温均呈上升趋势,但增幅不同,冬季最大,春季次之,秋季最小,而夏季气温呈微弱的下降趋势;年极端最高气温呈微弱的下降趋势,年极端最低气温则呈强烈的上升趋势;年热积温呈下降趋势,年冷积温则呈明显的上升趋势;年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温变化具有明显的周期性,均存在30a左右的大尺度周期振荡,而中小尺度周期振荡则不相同。 相似文献
5.
利用美国NCEP全球集合预报系统(GEFS)历史回算资料和中国均一化格点观测数据,分析了我国近30 a来极端温度变化特征,重点考察了该模式预报系统对这一变化特征的刻画性能。通过估算格点观测和模式资料中2 m温度的历史气候百分位,分析了我国冬夏两季极端温度的气候特征以及极端温度日数的气候分布和多年变化趋势。结果表明,我国冬季极端低温和夏季极端高温的空间分布表现出较强区域性特征:东北、华北和青藏高原区域冬季极端低温的百分位阈值对应的温度较低,而华南、西北和长江流域夏季极端高温的阈值温度则较高;近30 a来我国夏季平均温度和极端高温日数几乎都呈现上升趋势,冬季平均温度则在我国大部分区域呈上升趋势、西北和东北部分地区呈下降趋势,相应地冬季极端低温日数在大部分区域呈下降趋势、仅在西北、东北和华南部分地区略有上升。NCEP-GEFS回算资料能较好地再现我国冬夏两季平均气温、冬季极端低温和夏季极端高温日数的气候趋势和年际变化,但在各区域都有不同程度的冷偏差,冬季偏差明显大于夏季,并随着预报时长的增加,冬季冷偏差逐渐增强,而夏季冷偏差则逐渐减弱。因此,本文建议采用基于百分位阈值的相对极端性定义,可自动修正模式分析场和预报场中的系统性偏差。 相似文献
6.
Xiaodan Wang Zhong Zhong Jianwen Liu Linlin Qi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):283-303
A complete picture of changes in climate extremes has been presented for Shanxi Province, China using data from all 61 available stations. The results reveal large spatial coherence of trends for the majority of extremes, especially for temperature extremes. Significant and symmetric increasing trends of the annual mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures (TXam, TNam) are detected over the past 50 years. Significant positive trends are detected for warm days and nights (TX90p, TN90p), the highest and lowest maximum and minimum temperatures (TXx, TXn, TNx, TNn), and the growing season length (GSL). Significant negative trends are revealed for cold days and nights (TX10p, TN10p) and frost days (FD). Significant decreases are found in the number of heavy precipitation days (R10mm) and wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT). Although Shanxi and the northern half of North China Plain (NNCP) have been grouped into the North China region and assessed together in previous studies for China, the changes in climate extremes in the NNCP have some pronounced differences in comparison with Shanxi. Noticeably, the increase of the TNam is at a rate nearly three times that of the TXam during 1959–2008 over the NNCP. The warming for the nighttime indices TN90p, TN10p, TNx, and TNn is stronger, but the warming for the daytime indices TX10p, TX90p, and TXx is weaker in the NNCP. There is no significant decrease for R10mm and PRCPTOT in the NNCP. 相似文献
7.
The observed long-term trends in extreme temperatures in Hong Kong were studied based on the meteorological data recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters from 1885-2008. Results show that, over the past 124 years, the extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the length of the warm spell in Hong Kong, exhibit statistically significant long-term rising trends, while the length of the cold spell shows a statistically significant decreasing trend. The time-dependent return period analysis also indicated that the return period for daily minimum temperature at 4°C or lower lengthened considerably from 6 years in 1900 to over 150 years in 2000, while the return periods for daily maximum temperature reaching 35°C or above shortened drastically from 32 years in 1900 to 4.5 years in 2000. Past trends in extreme temperatures from selected weather stations in southern China from 1951-2004 were also assessed. Over 70% of the stations studied yielded a statistically significant rising trend in extreme daily minimum temperature, while the trend for extreme maximum temperatures was found to vary, with no significant trend established for the majority of stations. 相似文献
8.
利用河南省1957-2005年逐日降水,最高、最低和日平均气温资料,分析了近50 a河南省极端天气事件的变化趋势。结果表明：1957-2005年河南省暴雨日数、极端降水事件和严重干燥事件发生频率都在增加,但其线性趋势并不显著;暴雨和极端降水的变化趋势呈明显的南北差异;异常高温事件增加而异常低温事件减少,暖冬的趋势比较显著;高温日数和低温日数都显著减少,其变化趋势的空间分布具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
9.
This paper reports a comprehensive study on the observed and projected spatiotemporal changes in mean and extreme climate over the arid region of northwestern China, based on gridded observation data and CMIP5 simulations under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The observational results reveal an increase in annual mean temperature since 1961, largely attributable to the increase in minimum temperature. The annual mean precipitation also exhibits a significant increasing tendency. The precipitation amount in the most recent decade was greater than in any preceding decade since 1961. Seasonally,the greatest increase in temperature and precipitation appears in winter and in summer, respectively. Widespread significant changes in temperature-related extremes are consistent with warming, with decreases in cold extremes and increases in warm extremes. The warming of the coldest night is greater than that of the warmest day, and changes in cold and warm nights are more evident than for cold and warm days. Extreme precipitation and wet days exhibit an increasing trend, and the maximum number of consecutive dry days shows a tendency toward shorter duration. Multi-model ensemble mean projections indicate an overall continual increase in temperature and precipitation during the 21 st century. Decreases in cold extremes, increases in warm extremes, intensification of extreme precipitation, increases in wet days, and decreases in consecutive dry days, are expected under both emissions scenarios, with larger changes corresponding to stronger radiative forcing. 相似文献
10.
重庆市气温变化趋势及其可能原因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对重庆市1924～2007年的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温随时间变化特征进行分析发现:近84年来重庆市平均气温微弱变冷,与全国平均温度相比线性变化趋势存在一定差异;平均最高和平均最低气温、极端最高和极端最低气温的非对称性变化显著,最高气温的下降对平均气温的影响很大,平均最低气温除春季外增暖都非常显著,最低温度的增高对气温日较差减小的影响更明显.夏季副热带高压位置偏南,使得我国西南地区东部夏季降水天气增多、云量增加、日照时数减少,加之轻雾日数增多,可能是重庆市夏季最高温度持续下降的主要原因.冬季最低气温的显著升高主要是由于降水天气减少、云量增加和城市热岛效应所致. 相似文献