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1.
长江三角洲地区对流层臭氧的变化趋势   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
 根据TOR卫星数据分析,我国长江三角洲地区对流层O3柱含量的长期变化就全年和大多数月份而言均为增长趋势,1978-2000年间其年均值的增长趋势为0.82 DU/10 a。这种长期变化趋势所引起的气候效应及其对大气氧化性的影响值得进一步研究。结果表明,长江三角洲地区对流层O3柱含量的季节变化与该地区的临安区域大气本底站的地面O3季节变化有着显著的相关关系,临安站的观测数据具有区域代表性。  相似文献   

2.
1979-2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1979—2008年华北地区12个测站逐日对流层顶探空资料,运用统计学方法对该地区不同类别对流层顶发生及其高度的季节特征进行探讨,并采用线性趋势、小波分析和EOF分解等方法对其高度变化等气候特征进行分析,揭示了该地区对流层顶的季节特征及其高度变化的基本事实和规律。结果表明:华北地区第一对流层顶冬季出现多,夏季少,近30a来呈减少趋势,第二对流层顶夏季出现多,冬季少,近30a来呈增加趋势;全年均出现复合对流层顶,且在季节转换时期出现频率较高;第一对流层顶高度年变程呈双峰型,夏季高,冬季低,第二对流层顶高度年变程呈单谷型,冬季高,夏季低,春、秋季介于两者之间;两类对流层顶高度变化均存在5-6a的周期,第二对流层顶相比具有更多时间尺度周期变化。近30a间华北地区第一、第二对流层顶年平均高度变化均呈升高趋势,且与其上下层间平均温度有关。  相似文献   

3.
基于1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐日再分析温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法计算出青藏高原及同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压数据,比较了高原和同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压季节变化和长期变化趋势,讨论了热带对流层顶气压与高空温度的关系。结果表明:1)在季节变化上,除12月和1月外,青藏高原热带对流层顶气压全年低于同纬度其他地区;青藏高原热带对流层顶气压、对流层中上层以及平流层下部平均温度均表现出比同纬度其他地区更明显的单峰型特征。2)热带对流层顶气压与高空温度变化关系密切,对流层中上层(平流层下部)平均温度升高(降低),有利于热带对流层顶气压降低;相对于同纬度其他地区,青藏高原对流层顶气压与对流层中上层平均温度的关系更密切。3)1979—2014年青藏高原和同纬度其他地区各季节的热带对流层顶气压均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,冬春季下降趋势更加显著;青藏高原各季节对流层中上层增温和平流层下部降温的幅度均超过同纬度其他地区,导致其热带对流层顶气压的下降趋势比同纬度其他地区更加明显。  相似文献   

4.
京津冀地区近47a降水量的变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用线性回归、突变分析和小波分析方法,分析了京津冀地区1960~2006年84个地面台站降水量的变化.结果表明:47 a来京津冀降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-15 mm/10 a.除夏季外,其余季节降水量均呈增加趋势.由于华北地区夏季降水量集中了全年降水量的60%~70%,所以夏季降水量的显著减少使得年平均降水量呈下降趋势;京津冀地区夏季降水量在1990年代初发生突变,其他季节降水量无突变现象;年和4季降水量大致存在4个周期的变化.  相似文献   

5.
利用NOAA卫星太平洋海表温度资料、南方涛动指数(SOI)和招远国家气象观测站降水观测资料,使用统计方法对ENSO事件与招远市1981—2010年30a降水量的关系进行分析。结果表明:招远市年平均降水量呈波动中明显上升的趋势,与全省波动下降的趋势相反。ENSO事件强度与年平均降水趋势呈负相关特性,而与冬季降水整体呈正相关性,与春、夏、秋季降水量总体呈负相关。ENSO事件主要通过影响夏季降水量进而影响全年降水变化趋势。  相似文献   

6.
1958~2005年中国高空大气比湿变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用经过质量控制和均一化的92站探空露点温度序列,研究了中国高空大气比湿气候学特征和1958~2005年比湿时间、空间演变以及不同时段线性变化趋势地区和季节差异。中国比湿气候场特征显示,垂直方向上90%以上的水汽集中在对流层中低层,空间呈南高北低的纬向分布。通过累积距平、滑动平均和突变点分析等方法研究了中国平均高空比湿的年代际变化,得到1958~2005年中国对流层中低层大气比湿经历“湿”、“干”、“湿”阶段性变化。不同时段线性变化趋势分析表明,1958~2005年对流层低层比湿呈上升趋势,对流层中层、高层和平流层下层为下降趋势;1979~2005年对流层低层上升趋势和对流层高层下降趋势均较整个时段明显增强。近50年来中国高空各层温度与比湿变化基本同步,统计达到显著相关,说明温度是影响比湿变化的重要因子。趋势的空间分布显示对流层下层全国大部比湿为上升趋势,且1979以来上升趋势更加明显,对流层中层趋势呈北升南降分布,对流层高层多为下降趋势。中国五个分区中西北地区对流层低层比湿上升趋势最明显,长江和华南地区升幅较小。1958~2005年对流层下层各季节比湿变化趋势差异较明显,上升趋势发生在夏、冬两季,1979~2005年四季比湿均呈上升趋势,其中夏季上升趋势最为明显。  相似文献   

7.
利用新疆气象信息中心提供的1961—2021年逐日最低气温资料,基于常规气象统计方法,对不同气候背景下北疆地区初、终霜日和霜期的变化特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)初霜日在背景I下呈较快推迟趋势,速率达0.36 d/a,背景II下变化趋势很小;终霜日在背景I下反呈推迟趋势,速率达0.15 d/a,在背景II下呈较快提前趋势,速率达0.28 d/a;霜期在背景I、II下均呈缩短趋势,缩短速率分别为0.24 d/a、0.35 d/a。(2)在气候背景I下霜期的缩短主要由初霜日推迟而导致,在气候背景II下霜期的缩短主要由终霜日提前所导致。(3)北疆地区平均初霜日在背景II下变化趋势很小是因为此时段下北疆初霜日西部在提前,东部在推迟,且推迟与提前的变化趋势相差较小;平均终霜日在背景I下反呈推迟趋势的气候条件是此时段下北疆春季气温变化趋势为-0.357 ℃/10 a,空间变化上则是因为此时段下北疆终霜日整体呈推迟趋势,仅阿勒泰地区东部、哈密地区东部呈提前趋势,且推迟速率较大,提前速率较小。(4)由气候背景I转为II,北疆初霜日等级出现由低向高移动的趋势,终霜日和霜期则与其相反。(5)相关季节北大西洋涛动指数对于北疆地区初、终霜日的影响较为显著,初霜日与夏季北大西洋涛动指数呈显著负相关,终霜日与秋季北大西洋涛动指数呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

8.
热带西太平洋暖池表层热含量分析   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
张启龙  翁学传 《高原气象》1999,18(4):584-589
利用1961 ̄1997年中的资料,对热带西太平洋暖池的热含量进行了分析,并搪塞了暖池热含量变化与南方涛动的关系,结果表明:暖池热含量具有明显的季节和年际变化,暖池全域,西部(160°E以西部分)和东部(180°E以东部分)热呈的年际变化存在较明显的差异,暖池全域和暖池东部热呈与南方涛动存在着负相关,暖池西部热含量与南方涛是为正相关。  相似文献   

9.
青藏高原清洁地区近地面层臭氧的特征分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
利用瓦里关1994年8月~2001年12月地面臭氧资料,分析了地面O3年季变化,以及不同天气条件下的日变化特征。结果表明,青藏高原洁净地区地面O3具有明显的季节变化且呈缓慢的上升趋势,春季浓度明显高于冬季,最高值出现在每年夏初,而最低值在12月左右。与低纬的Lzana站相比,瓦里关地区地面O3浓度变化趋势与之比较相近,而且,亦呈逐年上升趋势。不同天气条件下,春、夏、秋、冬四个季节地面O3浓度变化不尽相同,晴天和多云天,春、夏、秋季的地面O3变化趋势基本一致,其中,春秋季,晴天O3值高于多云天和降雨天,而冬季和夏季则不明显,说明晴空天气虽然有利于O3浓度的增加,但并不是重要因子之一。各季节降雨、雪天O3浓度的变化情况来看,地面O3在春、秋、冬三个季节变化不大。而夏季与其它季节明显不同,变化幅度很大,日较差在四个季节中为最大,这与雨、雪的冲刷关系很大,并且可能存在雨、雪以及降雨强度的差异。  相似文献   

10.
采用UARS卫星1993—2004年卤素掩星试验的观测资料(HALOE),分析了青藏高原(下称高原)上空大气中H2O和CH4的分布和季节变化,也与同纬度其它地区作对比,找出它们的差异,并分析了H2O和CH4的多年变化趋势。结果表明:高原上空H2O混合比在对流层上层随高度迅速减少,在对流层顶和平流层底达到极小值,平流层里水汽混合比随高度增加。高原上空CH4混合比从140 hPa直至1 hPa随高度递减。在对流层上部和平流层下部H2O和CH4混合比季节差异最明显。高原上空H2O和CH4混合比与同纬度带其它地区相比有不少差异,这种差异在对流层上部和平流层下部更明显。分析还表明:高原上空对流层上部和平流层下部H2O和CH4的分布明显受到高原热力作用引起的垂直运动的影响,高原区域是平流层和对流层交换的活跃区。平流层中上层H2O和CH4的关系很密切,其原因主要是在平流层中上层CH4很容易被氧化成H2O。趋势分析表明,在对流层顶附近,水汽在1993—2004年呈下降趋势,而CH4在1998年以前和2001年以后也呈下降趋势;平流层中层1993—2000年H2O混合比呈增加趋势,CH4呈下降趋势,2000—2004年H2O混合比呈下降趋势,而CH4呈增加趋势。  相似文献   

11.
Analysis of tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) data from satellite measurements indicates an increasing trend of tropospheric ozone over the Yangtze Delta region of China. The increasing trend can be derived both from the annual mean TOR and from the monthly mean TOR except for January and March. The increase rate of the decadal mean TOR was 0.82 DU during 1978-2000. The impact of this long-term trend on the climate and atmospheric oxidizing capacity over the region should be further studied. Data comparison shows a significant correlation between the TOR and surface ozone data collected at Lin'an background station in the Yangtze Delta region, suggesting an internal connection between both quantities.  相似文献   

12.
Based on daily precipitation data from 524 meteorological stations in China during the period 1960–2009, the climatology and the temporal changes (trends, interannual, and decadal variations) in the proportion of seasonal precipitation to the total annual precipitation were analyzed on both national and regional scales. Results indicated that (1) for the whole country, the climatology in the seasonal distribution of precipitation showed that the proportion accounted for 55 % in summer (June–August), for around 20 % in both spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November), and around 5 % in winter (December–February). But the spatial features were region-dependent. The primary precipitation regime, “summer–autumn–spring–winter”, was located in central and eastern regions which were north of the Huaihe River, in eastern Tibet, and in western Southwest China. The secondary regime, “summer–spring–autumn–winter”, appeared in the regions south of the Huaihe River, except Jiangnan where spring precipitation dominated, and the southeastern Hainan Island where autumn precipitation prevailed. (2) For the temporal changes on the national scale, first, where the trends were concerned, the proportion of winter precipitation showed a significantly increasing trend, while that of the other three seasons did not show any significant trends. Second, for the interannual variation, the variability in summer was the largest among the four seasons and that in winter was the smallest. Then, on the decadal scale, China experienced a sharp decrease only in the proportion of summer precipitation in 2000. (3) For the temporal changes on the regional scale, all the concerned 11 geographic regions of China underwent increasing trends in the proportion of winter precipitation. For spring, it decreased over the regions south of the Yellow River but increased elsewhere. The trend in the proportion of summer precipitation was generally opposite to that of spring. For autumn, it decreased over the other ten regions except Inner Mongolia with no trend. It is noted that the interannual variability of precipitation seasonality is large over North China, Huanghuai, and Jianghuai; its decadal variability is large over the other regions, especially over those regions south of the Yangtze River.  相似文献   

13.
利用2010—2012年对流层臭氧(O3)及其多种前体物的卫星遥感资料和全球水汽再分析资料,研究东亚区域O3及其前体物的时空分布,以及在中国东部(分为南、北两部分)相关性的季节变化。结果表明:东亚区域NO2与CO的对流层柱含量均表现为冬季高、夏季低的时空变化形式。O3对流层柱含量夏季达到峰值,冬季为谷值。中国东部的北部与南部地区O3与NO2均在夏秋季呈正相关,冬春季呈负相关。夏季大部分地区NOx的光化学循环反应对O3生成有积极的促进作用,冬季大部分地区O3的光化学循环生成受到抑制。O3与CO在北部地区夏秋季和南部地区夏季正相关性最大,无论是在北部还是南部地区,O3与CO的相关性在轻污染情况下最大,而在重污染和背景情况下较小,表明重污染气团向下风方的输送更有利于O3的光化学生成。O3与水汽在北部和南部地区的多数时间均呈较显著的正相关性,而在南部地区夏季和北部地区冬季具有较大的负相关性,反映出不同的环流形式、气团来源及伴随的天气条件变化对O3分布的影响。  相似文献   

14.
The spatial distribution, radiative forcing, and climatic effects of tropospheric ozone in China during summer were investigated by using the regional climate model RegCM4. The results revealed that the tropospheric ozone column concentration was high in East China, Central China, North China, and the Sichuan basin during summer. The increase in tropospheric ozone levels since the industrialization era produced clear-sky shortwave and clear-sky longwave radiative forcing of 0.18 and 0.71 W m–2, respectively, which increased the average surface air temperature by 0.06 K and the average precipitation by 0.22 mm day–1 over eastern China during summer. In addition, tropospheric ozone increased the land–sea thermal contrast, leading to an enhancement of East Asian summer monsoon circulation over southern China and a weakening over northern China. The notable increase in surface air temperature in northwestern China, East China, and North China could be attributed to the absorption of longwave radiation by ozone, negative cloud amount anomaly, and corresponding positive shortwave radiation anomaly. There was a substantial increase in precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was related to the enhanced upward motion and the increased water vapor brought by strengthened southerly winds in the lower troposphere.  相似文献   

15.
中国近30a臭氧气候场特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用1979—2005年TOMS(total ozone mapping spectrometer)和2006—2007年OMI(ozone mo-nitoring instrument)的卫星观测资料,分析中国地区对流层臭氧含量(tropospheric ozone residue,TOR)、整层臭氧含量(total ozone,TO)的空间分布和季节变化特征,利用二项式加权平均法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法以及小波分析法分析南方典型地区广州臭氧序列的趋势、突变以及周期特征。结果表明,中国地区多年平均对流层臭氧柱含量为35.89DU,东中部地区高于西部,四川东部和重庆西部存在极高值区,青藏高原为极低值区;对流层臭氧夏季平均值最高,冬季最低,春季高于秋季。中国地区多年平均臭氧总量为298.61DU。臭氧总量随着纬度增大而增大,成带状分布,青藏高原为极低值区;臭氧总量春季平均值最大,秋季为最低。南方广州地区的对流层臭氧在1979—2007年之间存在明显的上升趋势,时间变率为0.38DU/(10a);TOR时间序列在1997年发生突变,存在显著的1a及2a的周期。臭氧总量在1979—2007年之间存在明显的下降趋势,变化率为-2.1DU/(10a);TO在1993年发生突变,存在显著的2a周期  相似文献   

16.
我国380nm波长气溶胶光学厚度分布特征和演变趋势   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用1980—2001年TOMS/ NASA逐月气溶胶光学厚度 (AOD) 资料, 通过EOF, Morlet小波分析、趋势分析和突变检验等方法, 研究了我国大气气溶胶380nm光学厚度的时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:全国全年存在两个范围较大、持续时间较长的AOD高值区:南疆盆地和四川盆地; 绝大部分地区春季AOD值最大, 最小值出现的季节则有所不同; 季节差异随纬度增加而减小; AOD变化具有明显的季节性和年际振荡特征; 年平均AOD呈明显增加趋势, 20世纪80年代末90年代初增加趋势有所减弱。  相似文献   

17.
Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO) of lower tropospheric ozone is observed in the Indian summer monsoon(ISM) region on the basis of ERA-Interim reanalysis data and ozonesonde data from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre. The 30–60-day intraseasonal variation of lower-tropospheric ozone shows a northwest–southeast pattern with northeastward propagation in the ISM region. The most significant ozone variations are observed in the Maritime Continent and western North Pacific. In the tropics, ozone anomalies extend from the surface to 300 hPa; however, in extratropical areas, it is mainly observed under 500 hPa. Precipitation caused by BSISO plays a dominant role in modulating the BSISO of lower-tropospheric ozone in the tropics, causing negative/positive ozone anomalies in phases 1–3/5–6. As the BSISO propagates northeastward to the western North Pacific, horizontal transport becomes relatively more important, increasing/reducing tropospheric ozone via anticyclonic/cyclonic anomalies over the western North Pacific in phases 3–4/7–8.As two extreme conditions of the ISM, most of its active/break events occur in BSISO phases 4–7/1–8 when suppressed/enhanced convection appears over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and enhanced/suppressed convection appears over India, the Bay of Bengal, and the South China Sea. As a result, the BSISO of tropospheric ozone shows significant positive/negative anomalies over the Maritime Continent, as well as negative/positive anomalies over India, the Bay of Bengal,and the South China Sea in active/break spells of the ISM. This BSISO of tropospheric ozone is more remarkable in break spells than in active spells of the ISM, due to the stronger amplitude of BSISO in the former.  相似文献   

18.
中国近50a极端降水事件变化特征的季节性差异   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
利用中国419个测站1958-2007年逐日降水资料集,分析了近50a中国不同区域年和季节极端降水事件的基本变化特征。结果表明,多年平均极端降水事件的空间分布具有明显的纬向分布特征,并表现出显著的季节性差异。长江以南地区是春、冬季极端降水事件发生频次较高的区域;而年、夏季以及秋季极端降水事件发生频次在西南地区较高,在西北东部较低。年极端降水事件频次的长期变化趋势与夏季相似,华北和东北有增加趋势,其他地区为弱的减少趋势;其他季节的长期变化趋势存在明显的区域和季节性差异。年和季节极端降水事件的发生频次具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。年极端降水事件时间序列的多项式拟合曲线的变化情况与夏季基本一致;而其他季节的变化则存在较大差异,表现出显著的季节性差异。  相似文献   

19.
Using radiosonde and satellite observations, we investigated the trends of air temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in comparison with those over other regions in the same latitudes from 1979 to 2002. It is shown that Over the TP, the trends of air temperature changes in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere were out of phase with those in the lower to middle troposphere. Air temperature decreased and a decreasing trend appeared in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere. The amplitude of the annual or seasonal mean temperature decreases over the TP was larger than that over the whole globe. In the lower to middle troposphere over the TP, temperature increased, and the increasing trend was stronger than that over the non-plateau regions in the same latitudes in the eastern part of China. Meanwhile, an analysis of the satellite observed ozone data in the same period of 1979-2002 shows that over the TP, the total ozone amount declined in all seasons, and the ozone depleted the most compared with the situations in other regions in the same latitudes. It is proposed that the difference between the ozone depletion over the TP and that over other regions in the same latitudes may lead to the difference in air temperature changes. Because of the aggravated depletion of ozone over the TP, less (more) ultraviolet radiation was absorbed in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere (lower to middle troposphere) over the TP, which favored a stronger cooling in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, and an intenser heating in the lower to middle troposphere over the TP. Therefore, the comparatively more depletion of ozone over the TP is possibly a reason for the difference between the air temperature changes over the TP and those over other regions in the same latitudes.  相似文献   

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