共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
张小全 《气候变化研究进展》2006,2(6):265-268
介绍IPCC土地利用变化和林业（LUCF）国家温室气体清单方法学指南的进展,特别是针对IPCC土地利用、土地利用变化和林业（LULUCF）优良做法指南和IPCC 2006国家温室气体清单指南的重大改进,以及我国未来LUCF清单编制面临的挑战作了简要的介绍。 相似文献
2.
张小全 《气候变化研究进展》2006,(6)
介绍IPCC土地利用变化和林业(LUCF)国家温室气体清单方法学指南的进展,特别是针对IPCC土地利用、土地利用变化和林业(LULUCF)优良做法指南和IPCC 2006国家温室气体清单指南的重大改进,以及我国未来LUCF清单编制面临的挑战作了简要的介绍。 相似文献
3.
美国加州温室气体清单编制经验及其启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析阐述了美国加州温室气体清单编制历程、清单边界界定原则、清单采用的方法、活动水平和排放因子数据来源、清单报告格式和最新的强制性温室气体报告制度。结合中国省级温室气体清单编制现状,提出了尽早确定电力转移排放归属地、改善统计数据基础、做好我国国民经济行业分类与IPCC部门分类对应工作、研究重点排放源温室气体报告制度等方面的建议。 相似文献
4.
张称意 《气象科技合作动态》2010,(2):24-26
1 IPCC温室气体排放因子数据库编委会第7次会议
IPCC温室气体排放因子数据库（EFDB：Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Database）作为世界范围内的温室气体清单编制的免费资源,伴随着《IPCC温室气体清单指南》,供编制者在编制清单时使用。 相似文献
5.
调研了主要发达国家的温室气体清单编制方法和国内相关经验,结合我国电力行业特点和温室气体清单编制目标、尺度、方法等,提出以IPCC推荐的详细技术为基础的第二类(T2)方法为主,更精确的第三类(T3)方法为辅的我国电力行业温室气体清单编制方法的基本原则;借鉴国外温室气体排放核算的优良做法,结合我国电力行业实际情况,对我国电力行业温室气体清单编制进行实体分类和分析,根据清单编制的范围、定义和数据可得性等建立符合我国国情的电力行业温室气体清单编制方法体系框架。 相似文献
6.
通过调查江苏省全球环境基金项目区农户和专家的投入产出,使用成本效益分析方法和IPCC推荐的温室气体估算方法评估比较了3种种植方式（人工插秧、机械插秧和直播）的水稻在麦稻轮作复种“两晚”模式（水稻晚收, 小麦晚播）下的社会、经济和生态效益。结果表明：水稻直播和机械插秧可以节省更多劳动力;农业机械燃油、施用化肥、稻田淹水等农作措施导致了大量人为温室气体排放;水稻种植方式为人工插秧的麦稻轮作模式能取得最优的经济和生态效益;“两晚”模式实施的关键是适时地利用近年来增加的农业气候资源。水稻人工插秧与麦稻“两晚”相配合的种植模式是减缓和适应气候变化的较优选择。 相似文献
7.
采用IPCC指南推荐的碳排放计算方法,将省级温室气体排放源分为能源活动、工业生产、农业、林业、废弃物等5个单元,全面测算了2005—2013年陕西省温室气体排放清单。结果表明:2005—2013年,陕西省温室气体排放总量和人均碳排放量逐年增长且有加速趋势,而温室气体吸收总量却增长缓慢,净温室气体排放量增长趋势显著,单位GDP碳排放量呈波动下降趋势;能源部门的温室气体排放量占总排放比例最大,为78.42%~83.36%;工业过程、农业、废弃物处理排放所占比例分别为9.57%~14.78%、3.11%~9.02%、1.25%~1.98%;林业部门表现为碳汇,约9%的CO2排放被森林吸收。 相似文献
8.
国家温室气体清单时间序列一致性和2005年清单重算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《巴黎协定》透明度后续实施细则对发展中国家温室气体清单时间序列一致性方面的要求显著增强。文中基于IPCC清单指南中对温室气体清单重算的要求,对作为我国国家自主贡献基年的2005年温室气体清单进行重算。由于增加了新的排放源或吸收汇、更新部分活动水平或排放因子数据以及采用了更新的方法学,重算后的2005年国家温室气体清单排放量（以CO2当量计,下同）为80.15亿t（不包括土地利用、土地利用变化和林业,即LULUCF),相比重算前增加了6.6%。能源领域对重算后总排放量上升影响最大,增加了4.26亿t,其中CO2增长主要来自第三次全国经济普查（三经普）对2005年化石燃料消费量的修订,甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放上升主要原因是新增加了排放源。未来我国将更频繁地对以往清单年份开展重算,建议结合《巴黎协定》实施细则要求加强对我国温室气体清单时间序列一致性问题的研究,以更好地支撑国内应对气候变化决策分析,以及满足未来《巴黎协定》下的履约要求。 相似文献
9.
基于"共同但有区别的责任"原则,《联合国气候变化框架公约》对附件I和非附件I缔约方提交国家温室气体排放清单的要求不尽相同。2007年以来,发展中国家自主减缓行动透明度、以国家温室气候排放清单为核心的国家信息通报提交频率及其磋商分析问题成为气候谈判争论的焦点之一,发展中国家承担的相关义务有不断增加的趋势。通过阐述该公约对发达国家和发展中国家排放清单编制的不同要求,特别是通过对目前发达国家所接受的清单审评制度和我国国家温室气体排放清单编制情况的分析论述,明确我国国家清单编制所面临的挑战,并提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
10.
目前温室气体清单的编制主要基于IPCC方法,该方法用于特定城市或区域清单编制时可能会引起较大的不确定性,而目前对城市/区域尺度清单的不确定性的分析还存在很大的欠缺。本文通过南京市和长三角温室气体排放因子甄选,应用IPCC方法计算了2009年南京市和长三角的人为温室气体排放量,并以其为个例利用蒙特卡洛方法开展城市和区域尺度的温室气体人为排放清单不确定性的初步探究。研究结果表明:南京市CH4和CO2排放量的95%的概率分布范围分别为(1.08~1.86)×105t和(6.50~7.41)×107t,不确定性分别为-21.74%~34.78%和-7.01%~5.87%;长三角CH4和CO2排放量的95%的概率分布范围分别为(4.07~5.89)×106t和(1.62~1.82)×109t,不确定性分别为-15.60%~22.24%和-6.04%~5.34%。 相似文献
11.
张小全 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(5):369-377
根据主要附件I缔约方2011年向《联合国气候变化框架公约》递交的1990—2009年国家温室气体（GHG）排放清单数据,包括报告的《京都议定书》土地利用、土地利用变化和林业（LULUCF）活动数据,对其LULUCF GHG源/汇趋势、《京都议定书》缔约方LULUCF相关活动在履约中的作用进行系统的对比分析,对缔约方会议确定的森林管理活动汇清除的限额进行评估。分析表明,1990—2009年,附件I缔约方LULUCF总体表现为净GHG汇清除,且总体上呈波浪式增加趋势,20年增加了65.9%,但年际波动较大。1990年LULUCF汇清除相当于GHG排放总量的7.41%, 2009年上升到13.68%。《京都议定书》第一承诺期的最初两年（2008—2009年）,各缔约方每年可从合格的LULUCF活动中获得2.38亿t CO2当量的汇清除,相当于这些缔约方基准年源排放的1.91%,可抵消其减限排额的45%。汇清除主要来自森林管理活动,而其他活动的汇清除所占份额很小。LULUCF活动使《京都议定书》的实施效果大打折扣,为一些缔约方过多地使用森林管理活动的汇清除来完成其减限排指标提供了机会,特别是俄罗斯、日本和意大利等国。这为目前正在谈判的第二承诺期LULUCF规则,特别是如何利用森林管理汇清除的规则敲响警钟。 相似文献
12.
An improvement of methods for the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is necessary to ensure effective control of commitments to emission reduction. The national inventory reports play an important role, but do not reflect specifics of regional processes of GHG emission and absorption for large-area countries. In this article, a GIS approach for the spatial inventory of GHG emissions in the energy sector, based on IPCC guidelines, official statistics on fuel consumption, and digital maps of the region under investigation, is presented. We include mathematical background for the spatial emission inventory of point, line and area sources, caused by fossil-fuel use for power and heat production, the residential sector, industrial and agricultural sectors, and transport. Methods for the spatial estimation of emissions from stationary and mobile sources, taking into account the specifics of fuel used and technological processes, are described. Using the developed GIS technology, the territorial distribution of GHG emissions, at the level of elementary grid cells 2 km?×?2 km for the territory of Western Ukraine, is obtained. Results of the spatial analysis are presented in the form of a geo-referenced database of emissions, and visualized as layers of digital maps. Uncertainty of inventory results is calculated using the Monte Carlo approach, and the sensitivity analysis results are described. The results achieved demonstrated that the relative uncertainties of emission estimates, for CO2 and for total emissions (in CO2 equivalent), depend largely on uncertainty in the statistical data and on uncertainty in fuels’ calorific values. The uncertainty of total emissions stays almost constant with the change of uncertainty of N2O emission coefficients, and correlates strongly with an improvement in knowledge about CH4 emission processes. The presented approach provides an opportunity to create a spatial cadastre of emissions, and to use this additional knowledge for the analysis and reduction of uncertainty. It enables us to identify territories with the highest emissions, and estimate an influence of uncertainty of the large emission sources on the uncertainty of total emissions. Ascribing emissions to the places where they actually occur helps to improve the inventory process and to reduce the overall uncertainty. 相似文献
13.
Brigitte Wolkinger Andrea Damm Stefan Schleicher Andreas Tuerk Wolf Grossman 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):667-689
Having agreed upon a binding emissions reduction path by 2020, the EU plays a leading role in international climate policy. The EU currently pursues a dual approach through an Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) at the EU level and also via national targets in sectors not covered by the ETS. The latter include the buildings sector, transportation, agriculture, and waste. Emissions from these sectors are mainly subject to policies at provincial and local levels. A method is presented for elaborating and implementing a long-term climate policy process up to 2030 for the regional (provincial) level. Building on regional GHG inventory data, a set of indicators for each sector is developed in order to arrive at a target path consistent with the deduced regional GHG reduction requirement. Policy measures and their implementation are then settled subsequent to this process. Quantitative regional targets are found to be a prerequisite for the formation of regional climate policy as they increase participant responsibility and commitment. A five-step process of stakeholder participation ensures effective implementation of regional climate action plans. Insights from an exemplary European region are drawn upon, and policy issues are discussed in both quantitative and institutional terms. 相似文献
14.
蔡博峰 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(1):23-28
介绍了国际上城市温室气体清单研究进展。分析了城市清单主流方法体系、模式以及编制原则、边界、范围,并且比较了城市清单和国家清单在方法体系及模式上的差异和其自身特点。重点分析了城市清单编制的“混合模式”和3个尺度范围。最后提出国内城市清单研究面临的困难和建议。 相似文献
15.
Methodology and geo-information technology for spatial analysis of processes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from mobile and stationary sources of the energy sector at the level of elementary plots are developed. The methodology, which takes into account the territorial specificity of point, line, and area sources of emissions, is based on official statistical data surveys. The spatial distribution of emissions and their structure for the main sectors of the energy sector in the territory of the Lviv region of Ukraine are analyzed. The relative uncertainties of emission estimates obtained are calculated using knowledge of the spatial location of emission sources and following the Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches of IPCC methodologies. The sensitivity of total relative uncertainty to change of uncertainties in input data uncertainties is studied for the biggest emission point sources. A few scenarios of passing to the alternative energy generation are considered and respective structural changes in the structure of greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. An influence of these structural changes on the total uncertainty of greenhouse gas inventory results is studied. 相似文献
16.
A. N. Khondaker Karim Malik Nahid Hossain Shaikh Abdur Razzak Rouf Ahmad Khan 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):517-541
The energy sector is the main contributor to GHG emissions in Saudi Arabia. The tremendous growth of GHG emissions poses serious challenges for the Kingdom in terms of their reduction targets, and also the mitigation of the associated climate changes. The rising trend of population and urbanization affects the energy demand, which results in a faster rate of increase in GHG emissions. The major energy sector sources that contribute to GHG emissions include the electricity generation, road transport, desalination plants, petroleum refining, petrochemical, cement, iron and steel, and fertilizer industries. In recent years, the energy sector has become the major source, accounting for more than 90% of national CO2 emissions. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on renewable energy resources, a sustainable shift from petroleum resources is yet to be achieved. Public awareness, access to energy-efficient technology, and the development and implementation of a legislative framework, energy pricing policies, and renewable and alternative energy policies are not mature enough to ensure a significant reduction in GHG emissions from the energy sector. An innovative and integrated solution that best serves the Kingdom's long-term needs and exploits potential indigenous, renewable, and alternative energy resources while maintaining its sustainable development stride is essential.Policy relevanceThe main contributor to GHG emissions in Saudi Arabia is the energy sector that accounts for more than 90% of the national CO2 emissions. Tremendous growth of GHG emissions poses serious challenges for the Kingdom in their reduction and mitigating the associated climate changes. This study examines the changing patterns of different activities associated with energy sector, the pertinent challenges, and the opportunities that promise reduction of GHG emissions while providing national energy and economic security. The importance of achieving timely, sustained, and increasing reductions in GHG emissions means that a combination of policies may be needed. This study points to the long-term importance of making near- and medium-term policy choices on a well-informed, strategic basis. This analytical paper is expected to provide useful information to the national policy makers and other decision makers. It may also contribute to the GHG emission inventories and the climate change negotiations. 相似文献
17.
Total uncertainty in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions changes over time due to “learning” and structural changes in GHG emissions. Understanding the uncertainty in GHG emissions over time is very important to better communicate uncertainty and to improve the setting of emission targets in the future. This is a diagnostic study divided into two parts. The first part analyses the historical change in the total uncertainty of CO2 emissions from stationary sources that the member states estimate annually in their national inventory reports. The second part presents examples of changes in total uncertainty due to structural changes in GHG emissions considering the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) emissions scenarios that are consistent with the EU’s “20-20-20” targets. The estimates of total uncertainty for the year 2020 are made under assumptions that relative uncertainties of GHG emissions by sector do not change in time, and with possible future uncertainty reductions for non-CO2 emissions, which are characterized by high relative uncertainty. This diagnostic exercise shows that a driving factor of change in total uncertainty is increased knowledge of inventory processes in the past and prospective future. However, for individual countries and longer periods, structural changes in emissions could significantly influence the total uncertainty in relative terms. 相似文献
18.
在总结国内外企业层面温室气体核算指南的现状和发展趋势的基础上,指出了确定正确的核算边界、选取合适的排放核算范围以及选择准确的排放活动水平和排放因子数据,是中国编制企业温室气体核算指南面临的关键问题,并提出了完善中国企业层面温室气体核算体系的对策建议：一是完善中国企业温室气体排放管理的相关制度安排;二是现阶段选择企业作为核算边界,建立并完善重点企业和设施的温室气体直报系统;三是将外购电力和热力消费引起的间接排放也纳入核算体系中,并根据行业具体情况及未来发展趋势确定所包括的温室气体种类;四是完善数据计量及收集工作,加强统计工作能力建设;五是统一排放因子的选择规则,逐步建立中国的排放因子数据库;六是建议设定企业温室气体报告门槛。 相似文献
19.
交通运输行业是温室气体排放的主要来源之一。“双碳”目标对交通领域碳减排工作提出了更高的要求。我国交通运输行业能源消耗统计和温室气体排放测算的统计数据基础较为薄弱,目前国家层面尚未公布统一的交通运输温室气体核算方法,温室气体排放存在底数不清的问题,其核算边界、范围、方法都有待进一步明确。文中通过梳理国内外交通运输领域温室气体核算边界及测算方法,提出了适用于我国交通运输不同子领域温室气体的测算研究思路。并针对我国交通运输温室气体核算工作现存问题,从健全行业能耗与排放核算方法体系、建立交通运输能耗与碳排放数据共享机制、加强交通能耗与碳排放核算方法培训、强化数据质量管理等方面提出相应的政策建议,为我国交通运输行业温室气体排放核算工作的持续开展提供参考。 相似文献