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1.
分别利用碳成分分析仪、离子色谱仪和原子吸收光谱仪等获取浙江省临安地区大气气溶胶在春、夏、秋、冬四季的质量浓度、离子与碳成分特性，并对不同粒径气溶胶成分分布特点作了较详细分析。结果表明:气溶胶质量浓度、可溶性离子浓度以及碳成分浓度具有明显的季节变化趋势。整个尺度范围内，气溶胶质量浓度季节变化特点为春季浓度最高，达到534 μg/m3；冬季次之，质量浓度为117.21 μg/m3；夏季浓度最低，平均为65.7 μg/m3；秋季质量浓度98.6 μg/m3。可溶性离子成分在气溶胶中所占比例具有明显的季节性，其中夏季最高为49.4%，春季最低为11.3%。硫酸根离子SO42-和氨根离子NH4+和硝酸根离子NO3- 3种离子浓度之和约占离子总量的75%~83%。受温度影响，硝酸根离子NO3-浓度随季节变化幅度较大，夏季平均浓度为1.7 μg/m3, 冬季平均浓度为11.5 μg/m3，是夏季浓度的6.8倍。碳浓度分布特点显示，气溶胶中元素碳浓度春季最高，夏季最低。有机碳浓度春季最高，冬季最低。气溶胶粒度分布特点也非常明显。四季中粒径小于11 μm（PM11）的气溶胶均占气溶胶总量的90%以上，粒径小于2.1 μm（PM2.1）的气溶胶占到气溶胶总量的53%以上。可溶性离子在粒径小于2.1 μm气溶胶颗粒中，以硫酸根离子、氨根离子和硝酸根离子为主。碳成分尺度分布特征为颗粒越小，有机碳及元素碳浓度越高。 相似文献
2.
采集2012年春季和秋季成都城区的PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物)样品,分析得到水溶性离子、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)等化学成分。结果表明,春季和秋季PM2.5的浓度分别为101±64μg m~(-3)和88±30μg m~(-3),是环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)日均值的1.3倍和1.2倍。基于K~+、OC/EC(OC浓度/EC浓度)和K~+/EC(K~+浓度/EC浓度)指标判别生物质燃烧事件,结果发现春、秋季生物质燃烧期间PM2.5中OC、EC和K~+、Cl~-等成分明显高于非生物质燃烧期;SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、NO_3~-、Na~+等其它水溶性离子浓度在生物质燃烧期均有不同程度升高。春、秋季生物质燃烧期间OC浓度分别是非生物质燃烧期的4.2倍和1.8倍,EC为非生物质燃烧期的2.3倍和2.3倍。K~+和Cl~-浓度在春季生物质燃烧期超过平均值的3倍,在秋季生物质燃烧期超过平均浓度的0.8倍和0.9倍。 相似文献
3.
保定市大气颗粒物中含碳组分粒径分布 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
北京-天津-河北地区工业城市保定大气颗粒物(Particulate matter,PM)污染严重,保定大气颗粒物尤其是细粒子和超细粒子污染严重,其中含碳组分具有重大贡献,PM1.1、PM2.1和PM2.1-9.0中含碳气溶胶总量(total carbonaceous aerosols,TCA)分别占到(49±20)%、(45±19)%和(19±7)%。PM9.0中的含碳气溶胶主要富集在PM2.1乃至PM1.1中。颗粒物浓度谱分布及含碳气溶胶富集量呈显著季节变化,由于采暖过程秋冬季各粒径段有机碳(organic carbon,OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的浓度均增加,秋、冬季节细颗粒物中OC浓度可高达44.0±38.3、78.5±30.2μg m-3,EC浓度分别为3.5±1.6、8.5±6.8μg m-3。各个季节OC和EC在总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulate,TSP)中的几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)均集中在较小粒径段。粗颗粒物中OC的GMD在春夏季较高,秋季减少,而冬季最低。而粗颗粒物中EC的GMD则是冬季最高,夏季最低。保定0.4μm的颗粒物中OC/EC比值4个季节的水平较为稳定,春、夏、秋、冬季OC/EC比值分别为5.2、3.5、4.1和5.4,来源主要为交通和燃煤。其余几个粒径段的颗粒物的来源更为复杂,其来源主要为燃煤、木材和生物质。 相似文献
4.
利用北京上甸子区域大气本底站2004年观测的分粒径大气气溶胶资料,分析了气溶胶中有机碳 (OC) 及元素碳 (EC) 的质量浓度水平、季节变化、尺度分布特征、OC与EC比值及其相关性。结果显示:上甸子站总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP) 中OC平均质量浓度为7.5~31.5 μg·m-3,EC质量浓度为1.4~6.6 μg·m-3;PM2.1(粒径小于2.1 μm) 中OC质量浓度为4.0~19.1 μg·m-3,EC质量浓度大约为0.8~4.3 μg·m-3。冬季OC及EC质量浓度明显高于其他季节,其中冬、夏、秋季OC及EC峰值粒径出现为0.65~2.1 μm,但在春季峰值粒径移至2.1~4.7 μm。观测期间,OC与EC质量浓度比值平均为4~6,该比值略高于文献报道的我国一些城市地区的观测结果。 相似文献
5.
2005年12月—2006年2月在太原市区持续观测了气溶胶细粒子PM2.5, 并应用Sunset碳分析仪进行了有机碳 (organic carbon, OC) 和元素碳 (elemental carbon, EC) 的测定。结果表明:太原冬季PM2.5, OC和EC浓度均较高, 其中PM2.5日平均浓度变化范围为25.4~419.0 μg/m3, 日平均浓度为193.4±102.3 μg/m3, OC平均浓度为28.9±14.8 μg/m3, EC平均浓度为4.8±2.2 μg/m3, OC/EC平均比值是7.0±3.9, 即太原市冬季PM2.5和碳气溶胶污染严重。OC在PM 2.5中占18.6%, EC占2.9%, 这表明碳气溶胶是太原大气细粒子污染控制的关键组分。在太原市冬季, 采暖燃烧的煤是OC和EC的主要贡献源, 造成OC大大高于EC, 从而使OC/EC比值增大。各种气象条件对PM2.5, OC, EC和OC/EC比值的变化都有不同程度的影响, 特别是大雾天气、相对湿度、风速和降雪是影响碳气溶胶浓度变化的重要因素。 相似文献
6.
广州冬季大气消光系数的贡献因子研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
2008年1月1～31日和2月6～24日在广州城区每天采集一个PM2.5样品,对样品进行有机碳、元素碳及水溶性离子分析,利用美国IMPROVE能见度方程计算得到广州冬季大气消光系数.结果发现:冬季PM2.5 日均值质量浓度为89.0±53.4/μg·m~(-3),OC(Organics Carban)质量浓度为16.9±11.9μg·m~(-3),EC(Element Carbon)质量浓度为5.9±3.4 μg·m～(-3),水溶性离子总浓度为43.9±23.5μg·m~(-3).冬季大气消光系数均值为342±185 Mm~(-1).广州冬季大气消光系数主要贡献者为(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4NO_3、POM(Par-ticular organic matter)、EC和NO_2,对消光系数的贡献率分别为36.3%、14.5%、26.6%、17.4%和5.2%. 相似文献
7.
春季中国东部气溶胶化学组成及其分布的模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用区域空气质量模式RAQMS（Regional Air Quality Model System）,对2009年春季中国东部气溶胶主要化学成分及其分布进行了模拟研究。与泰山站观测资料的对比结果显示,模式能比较合理地反映气溶胶浓度的逐日变化特征。整体上,模式对无机盐气溶胶的模拟好,分别高估和低估黑碳和有机碳气溶胶浓度,其原因与排放源、二次有机气溶胶化学机制和模式分辨率的不确定性有关。模拟结果显示,春季气溶胶浓度高值主要集中于华北、四川东部、长江中下游等地区。受东南亚生物质燃烧和大气输送的影响,中国的云南和广西等地区有机碳浓度高于中国其他地区。中国西北部沙尘浓度较高,而且向东输送并影响到中国东部和南方部分地区。中国东部的华北、四川东部、长江中下游等地PM2.5（空气动力学直径在2.5微米以下的颗粒物）污染严重,4月平均PM2.5浓度超过了我国日平均PM2.5浓度限值。中国东部泰山站的观测和模拟结果都显示近地面硝酸盐浓度超过硫酸盐,中国北部对流层中硝酸盐的柱含量也大于硫酸盐,而在中国南部则相反,这一方面与春季中国云量 南多北少的分布特征以及云内液相化学反应有关,另一方面也与南北温差对气溶胶形成的影响有关。就整个中国东部而言,虽然硫酸盐的柱含量（46 Gg）仍大于硝酸盐（42 Gg）,但比较接近,反映出我国氮氧化物排放迅速增加的趋势。春季中国地区对流层中PM10（空气动力学直径在10微米以下的颗粒物）及其化学成分柱含量分别为:990.8 Gg（PM10）,52.6 Gg（硫酸盐）,48.2 Gg（硝酸盐）,32.1 Gg（铵盐）,22.9 Gg（黑碳）和74.1 Gg（有机碳）,有机碳（OC）中一次有机碳（POC）和二次有机碳（SOC）分别占60%和40%,中国东部PM10中人为气溶胶和沙尘分别占30%和70%,反映了春季沙尘对我国大气气溶胶的重要贡献。 相似文献
8.
华北大气污染区域化正在对农业生态区域产生显著影响,为了了解华北农业地区大气细颗粒物PM2.5的季节分布特征,2017年7月、9月、12月以及2018年4月在中国科学院禹城农业生态综合实验站进行分季节PM2.5样品采集,并测定分析了样品中31种化学成分.结果表明,碳质气溶胶总体的浓度水平为13.11±8.37μg m-3,有机碳(OC)冬春季节浓度较高,元素碳(EC)浓度在秋冬季节较高.同时OC/EC的比值在秋季明显偏低,表明在秋季二次碳质气溶胶对PM2.5贡献较小.水溶性离子浓度总体在冬季最高.NO3-/SO2-4比值在夏季明显偏低为0.69,华北地区夏季固定点源对大气污染的贡献相对较高.PM2.5中金属元素以Na、Mg、Al、Ca、K、Fe等地壳元素为主,具有致癌风险的Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、As等金属元素年均浓度为0.32±0.24 ng m-3、5.40±5.42 ng m-3、10.23±7.46 ng m-3、42.23±27.75 ng m-3、5.66±3.79 ng m-3.受体模型(PMF)计算结果表明,PM2.5的主要来源为二次污染源、生物质燃烧源、燃煤燃油源、柴油车尾气和土壤源,贡献率分别达37.1％、18.2％、14.2％、9.4％和7.9％,表明农业区细颗粒物污染受到华北工业、农业与自然排放的多重影响. 相似文献
9.
简评碳气溶胶观测研究中的不确定性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大气碳气溶胶具有重要的气候效应,但其观测研究中的不确定性还很大。作者对目前应用较广泛的气溶胶有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)采样观测和分析方法(包括光学法、热学法、热光学法及光学和热学实时在线观测方法)进行了评述。石英滤膜采集和实验室热光学分析方法应用较多,但在升温程序设置、OC/EC的划分和裂解碳校正方面还存在问题,而且需要准确评价样品采集过程中有机气体吸附和滤膜上已采集颗粒物挥发导致的采样偏差。光学和热学在线观测方法有助于避免采样和后期处理过程对颗粒物性质的改变,有利于反映颗粒物在大气中的初始特性,但此类方法尚需改进。对二次有机碳(SOC)的估算,采用将源直接排放的OC进一步划分为燃烧源排放和非燃烧源排放的方案可能更为准确。关于有机物质质量(OM)的估算,尚需开展相关研究以确定适合我国不同环境气溶胶特点的OM/OC估算因子。我国科学家应在碳气溶胶观测方法的改进和完善中做出应有的贡献,努力建立适合我国气溶胶特点的碳气溶胶观测方案和规范。 相似文献
10.
利用GRIMM180气溶胶粒谱分析仪采集乌鲁木齐市PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0数据,研究表明:乌鲁木齐市气溶胶颗粒物质量浓度在进入采暖季后急剧增加,冬季颗粒物中细粒子含量最高,PM2.5/PM10可达77.6%,PM2.5/PM10,PM1.0/PM10,PM1.0/PM2.5三比值体现了颗粒物的分布特征,四季污染程度越高,细粒子含量越高。四季无降水日PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0的质量浓度和分布的日变化基本呈三峰三谷型,出现早—午—晚峰值,上午—下午—午夜后谷值,各季节峰谷值具体出现时间略有差别,由于冬季逆温层顶盖等因素的影响,冬季质量浓度和分布的日变化在此基础上多了两次波动。降水的发生对冬、春季质量浓度的影响大于夏、秋季,对不同粒径段粒子的分布影响有一定差别。 相似文献
11.
《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):287-302
Organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) content in PM10 was studied at two sites in Prague, which were located in a suburb and in the downtown. Similar overall average levels were found for both species and also for the PM10 mass at the two sites (i.e., 5.5 and 4.8 μg/m3 for OC, 0.74 and 0.80 μg/m3 for EC, and 33 μg/m3 and 37 μg/m3 for the PM10 mass at the suburb and downtown site, respectively), but substantial differences were observed between the two sites in some seasons and/or meteorological situations. Approximately three times higher values were found for OC in winter compared to summer, with a higher winter/summer ratio for the suburban site. The differences for EC were smaller, but still, compared to summer, more than two times higher EC levels were observed during autumn at the suburban site and 1.5 higher EC levels in winter and autumn at the downtown site. The lowest OC to EC ratios at the suburban site were 3.4, while they were around 1.3 for the downtown site. It was found that the origin of the air masses had a major impact on the observed PM10 mass and OC levels, with largest concentrations noted for air masses recirculating over central Europe and arriving from southeastern Europe in winter. Trajectories coming from the west and northwest originating above the Atlantic Ocean and the Artic brought the cleanest air masses to the sites. For EC the largest difference between the two sites was observed for northwesterly winds during the non-heating season when the suburban site was upwind of Prague. 相似文献
12.
文章基于通辽市2011年6月至2013年5月可吸入颗粒物质量浓度(PM10)资料数据,统计结果表明:(1)PM10年均质量浓度为85.92μg·m-3,未达到国家环境空气质量二级标准;(2)PM10季均质量浓度特征是春季冬季秋季夏季,PM10月平均质量浓度与季节分布基本一致;(3)PM10质量浓度在一周中呈现出单峰变化的特点,不同季节PM10质量浓度周变化不同;(4)PM10质量浓度日变化呈现双峰型分布。PM10浓度峰值从夏季到冬季逐渐推迟,这主要与日出日落时间和其他气象条件,以及上下班交通高峰相关;春季峰值还与沙尘天气发生时间有关。 相似文献
13.
Chemical Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Dust Storms over Xi''an in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols including CC （carbonate carbon）, OC （organic carbon）, and EC （elemental carbon） were investigated at Xi＇an, China, near Asian dust source regions in spring 2002. OC varied between 8.2 and 63.7μgm^- 3, while EC ranged between 2.4 and 17.2 μ m^-3 during the observation period. OC variations followed a similar pattern to EC and the correlation coefficient between OC and EC is 0.89 （n=31）. The average percentage of total carbon （TC, sum of CC, OC, and EC） in PM2.5 during dust storm （DS） events was 13.6%, which is lower than that during non-dust storm （NDS） periods （22.7%）. CC, OC, and EC accounted for 12.9%, 70.7%, and 16.4% of TC during DS events, respectively. The average ratio of OC/EC was 5.0 in DS events and 3.3 in NDS periods. The OC-EC correlation （R^2=0.76, n=6） was good in DS events, while it was stronger （R^2=0.90, n=25） in NDS periods. The percentage of watersoluble OC （WSOC） in TC accounted for 15.7%, and varied between 13.3% and 22.3% during DS events. The distribution of eight carbon fractions indicated that local emissions such as motor vehicle exhaust were the dominant contributors to carbonaceous particles. During DS events, soil dust dominated the chemical composition, contributing 69% to the PM2.5 mass, followed by organic matter （12.8%）, sulfate （4%）, EC （2.2%）, and chloride （1.6%）. Consequently, CC was mainly entrained by Asian dust. However, even in the atmosphere near Asian dust source regions, OC and EC in atmospheric dust were controlled by local emission rather titan the transport of Asian dust. 相似文献
14.
Elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols at downtown and suburban sites in Prague 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jaroslav Schwarz Xuguang Chi Willy Maenhaut Martin Civi&#x; Jan Hovorka Ji&#x;í Smolík 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):287-ICNAA07
Organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) content in PM10 was studied at two sites in Prague, which were located in a suburb and in the downtown. Similar overall average levels were found for both species and also for the PM10 mass at the two sites (i.e., 5.5 and 4.8 μg/m3 for OC, 0.74 and 0.80 μg/m3 for EC, and 33 μg/m3 and 37 μg/m3 for the PM10 mass at the suburb and downtown site, respectively), but substantial differences were observed between the two sites in some seasons and/or meteorological situations. Approximately three times higher values were found for OC in winter compared to summer, with a higher winter/summer ratio for the suburban site. The differences for EC were smaller, but still, compared to summer, more than two times higher EC levels were observed during autumn at the suburban site and 1.5 higher EC levels in winter and autumn at the downtown site. The lowest OC to EC ratios at the suburban site were 3.4, while they were around 1.3 for the downtown site. It was found that the origin of the air masses had a major impact on the observed PM10 mass and OC levels, with largest concentrations noted for air masses recirculating over central Europe and arriving from southeastern Europe in winter. Trajectories coming from the west and northwest originating above the Atlantic Ocean and the Artic brought the cleanest air masses to the sites. For EC the largest difference between the two sites was observed for northwesterly winds during the non-heating season when the suburban site was upwind of Prague. 相似文献
15.
文章针对大同市2006—2009年、榆社县2006—2008年PM10质量浓度数据,使用趋势分析、后向轨迹模拟不同高度的PM10的传输路径,可以看出:PM10浓度的日变化特征为"两高三低";PM10浓度日际变化不明显,只在典型日PM10浓度值明显增大;PM10浓度月变化特征为1、5、12月浓度高,春季5月份由于为沙尘期浓度高。PM10浓度季节变化规律与采暖期和非采暖期变化相符合,即采暖期的冬春季浓度高、非采暖期的夏秋季浓度低;从2006—2009年间,两站PM10质量浓度基本呈逐年下降趋势。不同气象要素与PM10浓度的相关性,按相关系数绝对值从大到小排列依次为:露点温度、气温、降水量、相对湿度。其中露点温度和PM10浓度呈显著负相关性,气温与PM10浓度呈较弱负相关性。 相似文献
16.
赵克蕾 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):11-16
利用南疆最大的城市库尔勒市2011年11月15日-2012年11月30日连续自动可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度观测数据,分析了PM10的污染状况和质量浓度变化特征。结果表明：（1）由于气象条件与人类活动的影响,PM10浓度日变化为明显的双峰型。（2）PM。。质量浓度存在明显的周内变化,周一出现最大值274．8μg·m^-3,周三出现最小值196．7μg·m^-3。（3）PM10最高月浓度出现在4月,浓度为562．1μg·m^-3;7月达到最低浓度107．4μg·m^-3;11月达到次大值219．9μg·m^-3。（4）春季PM,。浓度较高,夏季较低,总体特征为：春季〉秋季〉冬季〉夏季,四季的平均浓度均超过国家二级标准。（5）降雪过程对PM10具有明显的清除作用,沙尘天气有使PM10质量浓度迅速增加的作用。 相似文献
17.
Carbonaceous materials in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols from urban and coastal-rural areas at the Western European Coast 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Regina M.B.O. Duarte Cludia L. Mieiro Ana Penetra Casimiro A. Pio Armando C. Duarte 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):253-ICNAA07
A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol. 相似文献
18.
2010年在代表长三角区域背景地区的浙江省临安区域大气本底站开展了对大气细粒子PM2.5为期1年的地面观测,并对细粒子中水溶性离子和碳组分的季节变化特征进行了分析。临安2010年大气中PM2.5质量浓度平均为 (58.2±50.8) μg·m－3,PM2.5质量浓度季节变化明显。利用HYSPLIT4模式计算了2010年临安72 h后向轨迹,根据轨迹计算与聚类结果,结合地面观测的PM2.5数据进行了分析。研究表明:临安地区因受到长江三角洲区域及偏北气流引起的污染传输影响,呈现出高细粒子水平特征。PM2.5中总水溶性离子年平均质量浓度为 (28.5±17.7) μg·m－3,占PM2.5质量浓度的47%。其中,气溶胶组分SO42-,NO3-和NH4+所占比例最大,共占总水溶性离子的69%。PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的年平均质量浓度分别为 (10.1±6.7) μg·m－3和 (2.4±1.8) μg·m－3。有机碳和元素碳质量浓度显著相关,表明有机碳和元素碳主要来自相同的排放源。 相似文献
19.
In this study, a regional air quality model system (RAQMS) was
applied to investigate the spatial distributions and seasonal variations of
atmospheric aerosols in 2006 over East Asia. Model validations demonstrated
that RAQMS was able to reproduce the evolution processes of aerosol components
reasonably well. Ground-level PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter
≤10 μm) concentrations were highest in spring and lowest in
summer and were characterized by three maximum centers: the Taklimakan Desert
(～1000 μg m-3), the Gobi Desert (～400 μg m-3), and
the Huabei Plain (～300 μm-3) of China. Vertically, high
PM10 concentrations ranging from 100 μg m-3 to 250 μg
m-3 occurred from the surface to an altitude of 6000 m at
30o--45oN in spring. In winter, the vertical gradient was so
large that most aerosols were restricted in the boundary layer. Both sulfate
and ammonium reached their highest concentrations in autumn, while nitrate
reached its maximum level in winter. Black carbon and organic carbon aerosol
concentrations reached maximums in winter. Soil dust were strongest in spring,
whereas sea salt exerted the strongest influence on the coastal regions of
eastern China in summer. The estimated burden of anthropogenic aerosols was
largest in winter (1621 Gg) and smallest in summer (1040 Gg). The sulfate
burden accounted for ～42% of the total anthropogenic aerosol burden. The
dust burden was about twice the anthropogenic aerosol burden, implying the
potentially important impacts of the natural aerosols on air quality and
climate over East Asia. 相似文献