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华中区域1960～2005年平均最高、最低气温及气温日较差的变化特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用华中区域(河南、湖北、湖南3省)42站1960～2005年逐月平均最高、最低气温资料,计算并详细分析了该区域年(季、月)平均最高、最低气温和气温日较差的线性变化趋势、突变性及周期性特征。结果发现:1)华中区域年平均最高、最低气温均呈现上升趋势,年平均气温日较差呈减小趋势,其中年平均最低气温变化最显著。2)平均最高气温在春、秋、冬均呈上升趋势;平均最低气温四季均呈上升趋势,其中春、冬季变化显著;平均气温日较差在夏、冬季下降趋势较为明显,其中以冬季降幅最大。3)全年有4个月平均最高气温呈下降趋势,其中8月最为显著;平均最低气温在冬、春季为明显上升趋势,其他月变化趋势不显著;平均气温日较差在冬、夏季呈明显下降趋势,其中1月最为显著。4)年平均最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代经历了一次由冷变暖的明显突变;四季中,平均最高气温春、冬季突变显著,平均最低气温春、夏季突变显著。5)年平均最高、最低气温存在显著的2～4a周期变化。 相似文献
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根据19712010年西藏定日站的平均气温、最高、最低气温的逐月资料,分析了该地区近40a来气温变化特征。结果表明:近40年来定日县的年及各季节的平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,其中,年平均气温的线性倾向率为0.394℃/10a,冬季平均气温的升温幅度最大,其次是春季和秋季,夏季的升温幅度最小。年平均最高、最低气温与年平均气温的变化趋势一致,均呈上升趋势,年平均最高气温线性倾向率为0.372℃/10a;年平均最低气温线性倾向率为0.445℃/10a,最低气温的上升速率高于最高气温。不同时段的平均气温基本上在1997年之后上升趋势非常明显,最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代以后才出现温度的上升突变。 相似文献
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利用华山1953-2008年逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,运用M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法对华山气温变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温均具有明显的冷期和暖期交替的特点,持续时间冷期比暖期长;四季气温均呈上升趋势,但增幅不同,冬季最大,夏季最小;年极端最低气温呈强烈的上升趋势;年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温突变分别出现在1995年、1997年和1993年,并且均存在准4 a、9 a的小尺度周期振荡和30 a左右大尺度周期振荡. 相似文献
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全球气候变暖的大背景下,气温变化愈发受到人们关注。基于1993-2022年大兴安岭地区6个国家气象站气温观测资料,采用线性趋势法、MK突变检验法等分析探究大兴安岭地区以及漠河市近30 a气温变化特征,为林区经济发展和防灾减灾决策气象服务提供科学依据。结果表明,近30 a大兴安岭地区年平均气温增温速率为0.23℃/10 a,年最低气温呈上升趋势,年最高气温呈下降趋势;四季气温均呈上升趋势,其中春季增温速率最大,秋季次之,冬季最小;气温呈北低南高。所辖漠河市年平均气温增温速率0.4℃/10 a,年最低气温呈上升趋势,年最高气温呈下降趋势,其年平均气温存在明显的突变现象,突变起始年份2014年。 相似文献
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水城近50a气温变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用水城站1957-2006年的逐月平均气温、平均最高气温及平均最低气温资料,采用线性倾向估计对水城近50a季平均气温及年平均最高、最低气温的年际、年代际变化进行了统计分析。结果表明：近50a来水城年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0．134℃／10a,春季气温距平近50a来却呈下降趋势,夏、秋、冬季气温呈上升趋势,上升趋势不一致,从各季节平均气温变化幅度来看,秋季最大,夏、冬次之,春季最小。50a来年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈上升趋势。 相似文献
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文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981-2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:1981-2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征.季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著.年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著.受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温.除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显.平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献