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1.
利用NCAR/NCEP-1再分析资料、NOAA的OLR资料以及GPCP降水资料等,通过功率谱分析、超前滞后回归等方法,对夏季南海周边105 °E、125 °E以及150 °E三支越赤道气流进行了多尺度特征分析,重点探讨三支越赤道气流季节内振荡与热带大气环流异常及南海周边降水的联系。结果表明,在季节内时间尺度上,105 °E与125 °E越赤道气流均具有10~20 d以及30~60 d低频振荡显著周期,而150 °E越赤道气流则以10~20 d周期为主。在年际尺度上,105 °E、125 °E、150 °E越赤道气流分别具有2~4年、2~3年、2~6年振荡周期。无论是季内还是年际变化,皆以105 °E与125 °E这两支越赤道气流之间关系较密切。南亚-南海-西太平洋地区对流层低层10~20 d振荡的气旋(对流加强)和反气旋(对流减弱)的环流活动变化,决定着105 °E及125 °E越赤道气流的10~20 d振荡的演变。这两支越赤道气流之30~60 d振荡所伴随的异常变化与热带夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)的演变过程非常相似,而150 °E越赤道气流之30~60 d振荡所伴随的异常低频环流则与南半球热带辐合带关系密切。105 °E及125 °E越赤道气流的季节内振荡及年际异常均与南海周边降水异常密切相关。 相似文献
2.
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用Butterworth带通滤波器对降水量、风场、相对涡度、OLR进行了30~50天滤波处理,分析了西北地区东部强降水低频特征及与大气低频振荡的关系。结果表明,2012年5—9月期间该地区降水主要集中于6月中旬至9月中旬,尤其集中于6、7、8月的月末,降水存在30天左右的周期振荡,强降水均发生在低频滤波曲线的正位相时段。西北地区东部强降水过程均发生在低频偏南气流与低频偏北气流汇合后低频偏南气流时段;正好出现在相对涡度30~50天低频振荡的正位相期及附近;大多发生在对流扰动的负位相区,也就是强对流活动区,其中45°N以南的负位相对流振荡向南传播及该地区西面的负位相对流振荡向东传播到此,共同形成了该地区的强降水过程。应用大气低频振荡方法对西北地区东部强降水过程进行预报,近4年预报准确率在67%以上,预报时效在1 0~30天,有效地衔接了天气与气候预报的时间缝隙。 相似文献
3.
利用中国国家气候中心站点降水资料、NOAA全球逐日OLR资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集,分析了江淮地区旱涝年及旱涝并存年夏季降水和对流的低频振荡统计特征.结果表明:江淮地区旱涝年及旱涝并存年夏季降水具有不同的振荡周期,旱年以8～16d的准双周振荡为主,涝年8～16 d的准双周振荡与16～32 d的周期振荡同时存在.旱涝并存年与旱涝均匀年均存在16 ～ 32d的振荡,同时还有较弱的8～16 d振荡,并且旱涝并存年8～16d的振荡比旱涝均匀年更加突出,8～16d的准双周振荡可能是造成夏季降水异常的主要因子;对流的振荡周期与降水有较好的对应关系;典型旱、涝年,对流的传播特征不同,旱年准双周的低频对流以经向南传为主,涝年则主要是16～32 d低频信号在纬向上的向西传播. 相似文献
4.
利用1951—2004年我国740站逐日降水资料对夏季长江中下游典型旱涝年季节内振荡周期、强度和位相等特征进行合成对比分析发现:长江中下游涝年降水季节内振荡周期较旱年长, 涝年以30~60 d周期为主, 而旱年以10~30 d周期为主。旱涝年长江中下游地区夏季降水的10~30 d振荡整体上均强于30~60 d振荡; 10~30 d及30~60 d振荡, 涝年的强度都大于旱年。季节内振荡在旱年的北传较涝年强, 能达到50°N附近; 而涝年不仅有明显的季节内振荡从低纬度地区向北传播, 同时还有弱的振荡从中高纬度地区向南传播, 两者汇合于长江流域形成强的振荡中心。影响我国低频降水的低频异常环流分布模态在旱涝年是一致的, 但涝年的低频环流强于旱年, 而这种低频环流场的差异正是造成涝年的低频降水强于旱年的原因之一。 相似文献
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6.
利用台风最佳路径、bimodal IntraSeasonal Oscillation(bimodal ISO)指数和全球逐日向外长波辐射数据,研究了北半球夏季季节内振荡（Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation,BSISO）年代际变化造成1996/1997年后西北太平洋群发台风突变减少的可能机制。分析显示,仅有包含3个及以上个数台风成员的“MTC3”群发出现了突变减少,此类台风更倾向在传播速度较慢、低频对流维持时间较长的BSISO活跃位相内出现,对次季节信号强度的要求相对较低。1996/1997年后,BSISO东传范围减小、周期延长、对流活跃位相日数缩短,导致西北太平洋长时间连续维持对流抑制位相,低频对流在145°E以东海域的强度减弱。当偏西海域有先导台风活动时,它向东南侧激发的罗斯贝波频散波列在（5°—20°N,145°—165°E）海域因没有低频对流耦合而快速消散,导致MTC3群发台风年代际突变减少。 相似文献
7.
为了研究青藏高原夏季降水的低频振荡特征,利用1978-2017年高原地区62个气象站日降水资料和ERA5高分辨率逐日再分析资料,采用集合经验模态分解（EEMD）、 Lanczos滤波以及合成分析方法,对青藏高原夏季旱涝年降水的低频振荡特征、气象要素场变化及环流特征进行了深入分析,揭示了高原地区旱涝年降水低频振荡周期特征、环流特征以及低频风场、涡度场等传播特点。结果表明：（1）高原夏季降水存在10～20天的振荡周期;旱涝年的周期频率不同,涝年振荡频率明显高于旱年;涝年显著的振荡为10～20天和30天以上的振荡,而旱年主要以10～20天的振荡为主。（2）涝年在低频降水强位相,高空低频气旋控制高原主体,高空辐散,低空辐合,来自孟加拉湾偏南风的水汽供应充足,低频扰动强,利于降水发生,自西向东存在低频反气旋-低频气旋-低频反气旋的异常环流分布;反之在低频降水弱位相,高空低频反气旋控制高原主体,高空辐合,低空辐散,暖湿的偏南气流较弱,低频扰动偏弱,不利于降水发生。旱年配置有相似的特征,但低频反气旋-低频气旋-低频反气旋的环流形势不明显,整体上振荡强度较涝年偏弱,低频要素场强度也偏弱。（3）低频波动... 相似文献
8.
亚洲-西太平洋夏半年ISO传播特征及其与热带天气尺度波动联系的观测事实研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用1979—2007年夏半年(5—10月)逐日平均向外长波辐射资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,应用有限区域波数-频率谱和滞后线性回归方法,研究亚洲-西太平洋(AWP)区域夏半年对流季节内振荡(ISO)的传播特征以及热带天气尺度波动与ISO的联系。结果表明:(1)夏半年AWP区域的对流ISO存在东西传播特征,具有区域性和季节性。在整个AWP区域,以沿赤道东传且周期约30～60 d的扰动为主,而在西太平洋地区则以在10～20°N西传且周期约20～40 d的扰动为主;在初夏ISO以沿赤道东传为主,晚夏ISO向西传播加强,主要活动区域也向北转移,西传波在晚夏西北太平洋区域活动最强;(2)ISO强对流伴随低层西风异常和气旋性环流异常首先生成在印度洋区域,之后沿赤道东传到西太平洋日界线附近,当对流传播到西太平洋时具有西北传播的特征;(3)ISO与热带天气尺度波动关系密切。两种不同时间尺度的对流在西北太平洋同时加强,ISO促进了热带气旋(TC)的群发,而TC群发对流也成为ISO对流在西太平洋西北向传播中的一部分。 相似文献
9.
本文从赤道β平面近似下的线性化扰动方程组出发,基于第二类条件不稳定(CISK)理论,研究了热带对流层大气准40天低频振荡的动力机制。研究发现,当对流层中、上层存在较大的对流凝结加热时可激发出纬向波数为1、周期为40天左右的不稳定Kelvin波,它以每天8到11个经度的相速缓慢向东移动。由此指出,观测到的热带对流层大气30—50天的低频振荡可能正是这种由对流凝结加热所驱动的缓慢东移的Kelvin波的具体表现。这可对热带对流层大气30—50天低频振荡现象的动力机制给以初步的物理解释。 相似文献
10.
本文利用p—σ混合坐标系的五层原始方程模式,研究了印度洋—西太平洋热带偶极子型振荡对流加热源对亚洲夏季环流的影响。试验结果表明印度洋—西太平洋热带振荡源可以引起赤道东—西纬向环流、越赤道气流、季风经向环流以及亚洲夏季高、低层环流的位相振荡,其振荡周期与振荡热源的振荡周期一致。本文还进一步研究了热带振荡源影响亚洲夏季风环流的机制,研究表明振荡热源西侧激发的Rossby波的西传和扰动的北传、引起赤道东—西纬向环流和季风经向环流的振荡,从而最终导致整个亚洲夏季风环流振荡的机制。 相似文献
11.
Impacts of shortwave radiation forcing on ENSO: a study with a coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We describe a coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere model that represents a new class of models that fill the gap between anomaly
coupled models and fully coupled general circulation models. Both the atmosphere and ocean are described by two and half layer
primitive equation models, which emphasize the physical processes in the oceanic mixed layer and atmospheric boundary layer.
Ocean and atmosphere are coupled through both momentum and heat flux exchanges without explicit flux correction. The coupled
model, driven by solar radiation, reproduces a realistic annual cycle and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the presence
of annual mean shortwave radiation forcing, the model exhibits an intrinsic mode of ENSO. The oscillation period depends on
the mean forcing that determines the coupled mean state. A perpetual April (October) mean forcing prolongs (shortens) the
oscillation period through weakening (enhancing) the mean upwelling and mean vertical temperature gradients. The annual cycle
of the solar forcing is shown to have fundamental impacts on the behavior of ENSO cycles through establishing a coupled annual
cycle that interacts with the ENSO mode. Due to the annual cycle solar forcing, the single spectral peak of the intrinsic
ENSO mode becomes a double peak with a quasi-biennial and a low-frequency (4–5 years) component; the evolution of ENSO becomes
phase-locked to the annual cycle; and the amplitude and frequency of ENSO become variable on an interdecadal time scale due
to interactions of the mean state and the two ENSO components. The western Pacific monsoon (the annual shortwave radiation
forcing in the western Pacific) is primarily responsible for the generation of the two ENSO components. The annual march of
the eastern Pacific ITCZ tends to lock ENSO phases to the annual cycle. The model's deficiencies, limitations, and future
work are also discussed.
Received: 15 June 1999 / Accepted: 11 December 1999 相似文献
12.
东亚地区低频振荡的经向传播及中纬度的低频波动 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本文利用1981年6—9月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)网格点资料分析了东亚地区低频(准40天)振荡的传播特性与结构特征,发现在120°E经度上的高空(低空)副热带地区有一个低频纬向风(经向风)经向传播的分离带(汇合带),指出中纬度低频纬向风振荡是准地转的,且高低空振荡同位相。同时揭示出:亚洲地区中纬度(35°N)高空低频纬向风的向东传播是波长为60—90个经度、移速为1.5—2.0个经度/d的中纬度低频波动东移的结果。这种低频涡旋移至东亚沿海地区常会发展,这种发展可能与急流中心附近正压不稳定能量的供给有关。 相似文献
13.
14.
阿留申低压低频变化及其相关的瞬变动力学过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR 1979—2013年的再分析资料,研究了冬季阿留申低压低频变化的环流特征,探讨了阿留申低压低频变化形成和维持的相关天气尺度瞬变强迫机制。冬季阿留申低压的低频变化在850 h Pa环流场上表现为北太平洋海盆区一个异常气旋/异常反气旋在局地强弱变化的过程,即阿留申低压在低频尺度上先异常增强/减弱随后逐渐恢复正常态的演变过程;850 h Pa上大气温度低频变化表现为低频冷中心在西北太平洋建立并逐渐东移的过程。对天气尺度瞬变扰动活动及其强迫的异常进行分析表明,北太平洋海盆区上空的瞬变动力强迫在阿留申低压异常增强的时期为负异常,有利于阿留申低压低频变化异常空间型的形成和维持。由瞬变热力强迫异常引起的温度倾向异常场表现为北太平洋中部以40°N为界南正—北负的空间分布,其南部正异常在一定程度上抑制和削弱了低频冷中心向南的扩张。 相似文献
15.
Takeshi Izumo Sébastien Masson Jérome Vialard Clément de Boyer Montegut Swadhin K. Behera Gurvan Madec Keiko Takahashi Toshio Yamagata 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(4):669-683
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the main component of intraseasonal variability of the tropical convection, with clear
climatic impacts at an almost-global scale. Based on satellite observations, it is shown that there are two types of austral-summer
MJO events (broadly defined as 30–120 days convective variability with eastward propagation of about 5 m/s). Equatorial MJO
events have a period of 30–50 days and tend to be symmetric about the equator, whereas MJO events centered near 8°S tend to
have a longer period of 55–100 days. The lower-frequency variability is associated with a strong upper-ocean response, having
a clear signature in both sea surface temperature and its diurnal cycle. These two MJO types have different interannual variations,
and are modulated by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Following a negative IOD event, the lower-frequency southern MJO variability
increases, while the higher-frequency equatorial MJO strongly diminishes. We propose two possible explanations for this change
in properties of the MJO. One possibility is that changes in the background atmospheric circulation after an IOD favour the
development of the low-frequency MJO. The other possibility is that the shallower thermocline ridge and mixed layer depth,
by enhancing SST intraseasonal variability and thus ocean–atmosphere coupling in the southwest Indian Ocean (the breeding
ground of southern MJO onset), favour the lower-frequency southern MJO variability. 相似文献
16.
The 30–60 day oscillation is an important aspect of the atmospheric variance in the tropical area. A number of works have
been done on this phenomenon, this article is a further one. A quasi-geostrophic linear model that consists of a two-layer
free atmosphere and a well-mixed boundary layer is used to investigate the instability of intraseasonal oscillation, its propagation
and vertical structures. Results show that the dynamical coupling and interaction between the barotropic and baroclinic components
via boundary layer convergence / divergence are responsible for the appearance of a new kind of low-frequency wave. Such wave
is very different from the traditional tropical Rossby wave. It can propagate westward and eastward. Some behaviours of it
appear to resemble the observed 30–60 day oscillation mode in many aspects, such.as vertical structures, zonal and meridional
propagations. Now many researchers emphasize the direct relationship between CISK-Kelvin mode and the tropical atmospheric
30–60 oscillation. It is considered that CISK-Rossby mode should not be neglected. 相似文献
17.
Lu Peisheng 《大气科学进展》1993,10(3):287-295
The propagation of disturbances excited by low-frequency oscillations in the tropics is investigated by applying the theory of wave packet dynamics. For simplicity, a linearized barotropic model is adopted and the zonal circulation is taken as basic current. Suppose that the disturbances or waves are superimposed on jet-like westerly basic cur-rent and excited by the forcing in the tropics. We have (1) only the eastward propagating (m>0, n>0 and σ>0) low-frequency disturbances and the stationary (σ = 0) waves can propagate into the middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere; the others, such as the westward propagating low-frequency wave (m>0, n<0, σ<0) and the high-frequency waves, are restricted only in the vicinity of source region; (2) a stationary wave (σ = 0) reaches a given latitude even more quickly than some low-frequency ones (σ>0) due to the fact that the group velocity of stationary wave is larger; (3) there is a whole wave train excited by the forcing in the tropics and extended into the middle and high latitudes, if the amplitude of the source is independent on time, especially, the low-frequency wave (σ > 0) is of travelling type propagating along the ray; (4) if the source lasts only for an interval of time, namely, its amplitude also has the character of low-frequency oscillation, the excited wave train is not always a whole one, but is restricted in the vicinity of source region in the beginning, extended from the source region to the middle and high latitudes in its saturated stage, after that it gradually becomes weaker and weaker and is detectable only in some area at high latitude, and eventually disappears. Undoubtedly, case (4) is closer to the reality, even though case (3) gives a more impressive wavy pattern. 相似文献
18.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析和全国740站逐日降水资料,运用一点滞后相关等方法,对2007年夏季江淮流域强降水期间低频振荡的波动活动特征及其与降水低频变化的联系进行了分析。结果表明,在2007年夏季降水中,降水低频分量起着重要作用。降水的低频振荡主周期为10~30d,降水距平时间序列与10~30d低频分量具有较好的对应关系。低频扰动在对流层上层和低层都呈现波列状分布,且在降水活跃位相时,低频环流在高、低层具有斜压结构。在对流层上层,低频扰动有缓慢的东移倾向,相速度为每天2~3个经度。西风带中存在多次移动性波列向下游的传播,且在120°E以西以每天14经度的群速度向下游频散能量,表明10~30d低频波动具有明显的下游发展特征。在强降水开始5d前,低频波动与能量可起源于高纬的乌拉尔山附近,沿着西北-东南向的路径向下游传播。下游发展的低频波动为江淮流域带来了能量,为强降水的发生提供了条件。这些结果加深了人们对低频波动在江淮流域强降水过程中所起作用的认识,可为寻找江淮流域强降水过程预报线索提供科学依据。 相似文献
19.
The effects of topography on baroclinic wave flows are studied experimentally in a thermally driven rotating annulus of fluid.Fourier analysis and complex principal component (CPC) analysis of the experimental data show that, due to topographic forcing, the flow is bimodal rather than a single mode. Under suitable imposed experimental parameters, near thermal Rossby number ROT = 0.1 and Taylor number Ta = 2.2 × 107, the large-scale topography produces low-frequency oscillation in the flow and rather long-lived flow pattern resembling blocking in the atmospheric cir-culation. The ‘blocking’ phenomenon is caused by the resonance of travelling waves and the quasi-stationary waves forced by topography.The large-scale topography transforms wavenumber-homogeneous flows into wavenumber-dispersed flows, and the dispersed flows possess lower wavenumbers. 相似文献
20.
Maintenance and oscillation mechanisms of summer tropical upper-tropospheric easterlies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The mechanisms of the maintenance and oscillation of 1982 summer tropical 200-hPa mean easterly flow and extra-long waves
are investigated in terms of the energy equations in wavenumber-frequency space. Calculation results show that the difference
in heating between land and sea and the boundary effect serve as the main source of energy; frictional dissipation as the
sink; the conversion of available potential energy into kinetic takes place dominantly in the waves of number 1–2 such transformation
is accomplished in just a small amount in zonal mean flow and therefore can be ignored because of the value.
In the interaction between wave and zonal mean flow, the latter loses its available potential and gains kinetic energy. The
tropical easterly belt over 20°N-5°S is found barotropically stable and that over 10°-5°S, unstable. The waves of number 2
and 1 manifest themselves a primary source and sink of kinetic energy, respectively, in the interplay between waves and between
zonal mean flow and wave.
It is found that zonal mean flow and the waves of number 1-2 have a roughly 40-and 20-day oscillational period of kinetic
energy, respectively, whose primary mechanism is the transfer of barotropic energy, the conversion of baroclinic energy, and
the boundary effect. 相似文献