共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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基于MODIS和CLCV陆面覆盖资料,利用区域气候模式RegCM4分别进行两组24年(1978—2001年)的数值模拟试验,研究中国区域陆面覆盖变化对区域气候的影响。结果表明,以荒漠化和植被退化为主要特征的陆面覆盖变化通过改变陆面能量、水分平衡与大尺度环流进而对气候要素产生重要影响。夏季,中国南方地区普遍降温,季风边缘区及藏北高原气温升高,降水减少;季风边缘区与西北地区气温年际波动加剧;内蒙古中东部地区西南风增强,进而水汽输送增强,一定程度上增加了该地区降水。冬季,中国东部地区偏北气流增强,更多干燥冷空气南下,使得黄河以南地区降水减少、气温降低。 相似文献
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全球植被分布对气候影响的数值试验 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
利用一个新的陆－气双向耦合模式R42_AVIM, 通过有无植被覆盖的对比试验分析, 探讨了全球植被分布对气候和大气环流产生的潜在影响。得出: 陆面植被覆盖使得地表特征参数发生行星尺度的明显改变, 在叶面积指数大的热带和中高纬度森林带尤其显著。在现实植被分布下, 陆地表面反照率减小, 地表净辐射收支和地表潜热通量增加, 而地表感热通量减小。植被叶面积指数比较大的区域地表温度降低, 并且这种温度的改变一直延伸到对流层中上层, 在热带表现为斜压结构, 而在中高纬表现为相当正压结构。植被的存在使热带和中高纬度森林带的蒸发和相应的高层凝结潜热加热增强, 从而增强了经圈环流的上升支, 使得冬季在热带和南半球中纬度降水增多, 夏季在热带和北半球中高纬地区降水明显增多; 而经圈环流下沉支的增强致使副热带降水减少且更干旱。同时, 植被的存在使大陆潜热释放增强, 气温下降, 减小了海陆温度对比, 亚洲夏季风也有所减弱。 相似文献
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中国近代土地利用变化对区域气候影响的数值模拟 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
利用国家气候中心改进的高分辨率区域气候模式(RegCM-NCC)模拟研究了中国近代历史时期土地利用/覆盖变化对中国区域气候的影响,模拟结果显示,1700年以来,以森林砍伐、草地退化及相应耕地面积扩大为主的土地利用变化可能对中国区域降水、温度产生了显著影响。1700—1900年期间,由于土地利用的变化使华北、西南等地区降水呈减少趋势,其他区域变化不明显,但近50年来却使长江中下游地区、西北、东北部分地区降水有所增加。1700—1800年间的土地利用变化使得除东北及长江流域地区外的大部分地区温度呈下降趋势,1900年以后有所升高,特别是近50年来中国大部分区域平均气温升高,与这一时期由于大气中温室气体排放浓度增加造成的温度升高相一致。另外,土地利用变化不仅使大气温度、湿度发生变化,还可引起基本流场的变化,使东亚冬、夏季风气流有所增强,这主要是由于植被变化改变了地面温度,使海、陆温差进一步增大的结果。因此,土地利用变化对区域尺度气候变化的影响是不容忽视的。 相似文献
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陆面过程模型CoLM与区域气候模式RegCM3的耦合及初步评估 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
陆面过程通过影响陆面和大气之间物质（如,水分）和能量的交换影响气候, 其参数化方案对数值天气预报、全球及区域气候模拟有重要影响。本研究利用对生物物理、生物化学过程考虑更全面的陆面模式Common Land Model(CoLM) 替代区域气候模式RegCM3原有的陆面模式BATS, 发展了耦合区域气候模式C－RegCM3; 将其应用于东亚地区典型洪涝年份夏季气候模拟以进行评估, 结果表明新耦合的模式C－RegCM3能合理模拟大尺度环流场、近地表气温和降水的分布特征, 对西北半干旱地区降水模拟比RegCM3有所改进。通过利用区域气候模式C－RegCM3及RegCM3对地表能量和水文过程模拟结果的比较, 发现在半干旱、半湿润过渡区C－RegCM3模拟的潜热增大、感热减小; 模拟的地表吸收太阳辐射差异较明显的地区位于模式模拟的主要雨区; C-RegCM3在上述过渡区模拟的夏季地表土壤湿度比RegCM3偏干, 这与它在过渡区降水模拟偏少、蒸散发模拟偏大相对应, 体现了该模式在半干旱、半湿润过渡带模拟出比RegCM3更明显的局地土壤湿度－降水－蒸散发之间的正反馈作用。 相似文献
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利用动态植被模型CLM4-CNDV、区域气候模式RegCM4.6-CLM3.5和全球气候模式CAM4探究了当前气候状态下东亚区域可能的自然植被分布以及自然植被恢复对东亚区域气候产生的可能影响。结果表明,当前气候条件下,农作物区可能分布的自然植被为:蒙古高原以北、东北、华北平原和四川盆地的部分地区为裸土;东亚东南部及蒙古高原以北地区主要为林地;四川盆地及山东半岛主要为灌木;东北地区、东南沿海和长江中下游地区主要为草地。将农作物区恢复为自然植被后将对区域气候产生显著影响。其中,东亚东部大部分地区由于植被叶面积指数增加引起的蒸散发增强,使得夏季降水增加且温度降低显著;华北、四川盆地和广东中部平原地区植被叶面积指数减小,伴随区域内夏季降水显著减少且温度升高。而蒙古高原地区的气候变化不仅受区域内植被覆盖变化影响,还可能与印度地区和我国东南部植被变化引起的大气环流调整有关,使得蒙古高原西部冬季温度降低,而其东部夏季温度升高,同时夏季降水减少显著。研究所采用的试验方案是在相对理想的情况下进行的,但其结果为进一步区分不同地区植被覆盖变化的影响提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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近些年来,在英国气象局大气环流模式(AGCM)中进行了陆面参数化的研究.例如,引入更逼真的水文学、多层土壤温度和植被冠层对降水的拦截和蒸发.全球固定的陆面参数已被地域性变化量所替代.本文主要讨论它们的推导,给出某些分布场.讨论了两组AGCM试验的结果,表明植被冠层过程和各种陆面参数对模式模拟的各个方面产生影响.这些包括水分循环增强和在赤热的沙漠地带的地表温度日变程明显增大. 相似文献
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利用1997年10月1日至1998年9月30日设置在青藏高原西部改则的自动气象站观测资料作为强迫场,采用大气-植被相互作用模式(AVIM)对改则地区气候变化对植被生长过程的影响及反馈效应进行了模拟研究。结果表明,AVIM模式对青藏高原西部陆面过程具有一定模拟能力,能够较真实地模拟出地表特征量的变化特点。通过敏感性试验发现,青藏高原气候变化对植被生理生长过程有明显影响:降水增加有利于植被生长,尤其在雨季最为明显,其他季节无太大变化;气候变暖对植被生理过程的综合作用是植被净光合作用的变化,即春季增强,夏季减弱,秋季和冬季变化不大;"暖湿化"对高原植被生态系统的影响主要是春季和夏季植被活动增强,尤其春季最为明显。植被物理特性参数可以在相当大程度上改变陆面过程,进而导致高原热源发生变化,因此,为准确估计地表能量收支,对模式陆面参数进行深入研究是必要的。 相似文献
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用高分辨率区域气候模式(RegCM-NCC)模拟了中国区域植被发生改变后引起的局地或区域气候变化。结果表明:大范围区域植被变化对区域降水、温度的影响非常显著,内蒙古地区土地荒漠化可导致中国北方大部分地区降水减少,尤其加剧了华北、西北地区的干旱,西北地区绿化有利于黄河流域降水增加,而长江流域和江南地区降水却有不同程度的减少,因此可在一定程度上减少这里的洪涝灾害;气温的变化比降水更显著,植被退化使当地气温明显升高,使中、低层大气变得干燥,近地层风速加大,而植树造林却使当地及周围地区冬偏暖、夏偏凉,大气变得湿润,近地层风速减小,有利于在一定程度上减少沙尘暴的发生。另外,植被变化对东亚冬、夏季风强度也有一定程度的影响,从而影响到中国东部地区降水的分布和冬季低温、冷害事件发生的强度。 相似文献
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Sensitivity experiment is an important method to study the effect on regional climate due toseasonal variation of land surface parameters.Using China Regional Climate Model(CRCM)nested in CCM1.we first simulate Chinese regional climate,then two numerical sensitivityexperiments on the effect of vegetation and roughness length are made.The results show that:(1)If the vegetation is replaced with the monthly data of 1997.precipitation and land-surfacetemperature are both changed clearly,precipitation decreases and land surface temperatureincreases,but there is no regional correspondence between these changes.And the results aremuch better than the results when climate average vegetation was used in the CRCM.(2)If theroughness length is replaced with the monthly data of 1997,there is significant change on landsurface temperature,and there is very good regional correspondence between these changes.Butthe effect on precipitation is very small. 相似文献
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Noah S. Diffenbaugh 《Climate Dynamics》2005,24(2-3):237-251
In order to test the sensitivity of regional climate to regional-scale atmosphere-land cover feedbacks, we have employed a regional climate model asynchronously coupled to an equilibrium vegetation model, focusing on the western United States as a case study. CO2-induced atmosphere-land cover feedbacks resulted in statistically significant seasonal temperature changes of up to 3.5°C, with land cover change accounting for up to 60% of the total seasonal response to elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. In many areas, such as the Great Basin, albedo acted as the primary control on changes in surface temperature. Along the central coast of California, soil moisture effects magnified the temperature response in JJA and SON, with negative surface soil moisture anomalies accompanied by negative evaporation anomalies, decreasing latent heat flux and further increasing surface temperature. Additionally, negative temperature anomalies were calculated at high elevation in California and Oregon in DJF, MAM and SON, indicating that future warming of these sensitive areas could be mitigated by changes in vegetation distribution and an associated muting of winter snow-temperature feedbacks. Precipitation anomalies were almost universally not statistically significant, and very little change in mean seasonal atmospheric circulation occurred in response to atmosphere-land cover feedbacks. Further, the mean regional temperature sensitivity to regional-scale land cover feedbacks did not exceed the large-scale sensitivity calculated elsewhere, indicating that spatial heterogeneity does not introduce non-linearities in the response of regional climate to CO2-induced atmosphere-land cover feedbacks. 相似文献
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Heidrun Matthes Annette Rinke Paul A. Miller Peter Kuhry Klaus Dethloff Annett Wolf 《Climatic change》2012,111(2):197-214
This paper discusses the effects of vegetation cover and soil parameters on the climate change projections of a regional climate
model over the Arctic domain. Different setups of the land surface model of the regional climate model HIRHAM were realized
to analyze differences in the atmospheric circulation caused by (1) the incorporation of freezing/thawing of soil moisture,
(2) the consideration of top organic soil horizons typical for the Arctic and (3) a vegetation shift due to a changing climate.
The largest direct thermal effect in 2 m air temperature was found for the vegetation shift, which ranged between −1.5 K and
3 K. The inclusion of a freeze/thaw scheme for soil moisture shows equally large sensitivities in spring over cool areas with
high soil moisture content. Although the sensitivity signal in 2 m air temperature for the experiments differs in amplitude,
all experiments show changes in mean sea level pressure (mslp) and geopotential height (z) throughout the troposphere of similar
magnitude (mslp: −2 hPa to 1.5 hPa, z: −15 gpm to 5 gpm). This points to the importance of dynamical feedbacks within the
atmosphere-land system. Land and soil processes have a distinct remote influence on large scale atmospheric circulation patterns
in addition to their direct, regional effects. The assessment of induced uncertainties due to the changed implementations
of land surface processes discussed in this study demonstrates the need to take all those processes for future Arctic climate
projections into account, and demonstrates a clear need to include similar implementations in regional and global climate
models. 相似文献
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By using the improved regional climate model (BCC_RegCM1.0), a series of modeling experiments are undertaken to investigate the impacts of historical land-use changes (LUCs) on the regional climate in China. Simulations are conducted for 2 years using estimated land-use for 1700, 1800, 1900, 1950, and 1990. The conversion of land cover in these periods was extensive over China, where large areas were altered from forests to either grass or crops, or from grasslands to crops. Results show that, since 1700, historical LUCs have significant effects on regional climate change, with rainfall increasing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, Northwest China, and Northeast China, but decreasing by different degrees in other regions. The air temperature shows significant warming over large areas in recent hundred years, especially from 1950 to 1990, which is consistent with the warming caused by increasing greenhouse gases. On the other hand, historical LUCs have obvious effects on mean circulation, with the East Asian winter and summer monsoonal flows becoming more intensive, which is mainly attributed to the amplifled temperature difference between ocean and land due to vegetation change. Thus, it would be given more attention to the impacts of LUCs on regional climate change. 相似文献
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LIU Yu HE Jinhai LI Weiliang CHEN Longxun LI Wei ZHANG Bo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(4):468-483
Using a regional climate model MM5 nested with an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate responses of the mid-Holocene climate to different factors over China. Model simulations of the mid-Holocene climate change, especially the precipitation change, are in good agreement with the geologic records. Model results show that relative to the present day (PD) climate, the temperature over China increased in the mid-Holocene, and the increase in summer is more than that in winter. The summer monsoon strengthened over the eastern China north of 30°N, and the winter monsoon weakened over the whole eastern China; the precipitation increased over the west part of China, North China, and Northeast China, and decreased over the south part of China.The sensitive experiments indicate that changes in the global climate (large-scale circulation background),vegetation, earth orbital parameter, and CO2 concentration led to the mid-Holocene climate change relative
to the PD climate, and changes in precipitation, temperature and wind fields were mainly affected by change of the large-scale circulation background, especially with its effect on precipitation exceeding 50%. Changes in vegetation resulted in increasing of temperature in both winter and summer over China, especially over eastern China; furthermore, its effect on precipitation in North China accounts for 25% of the total change.Change in the orbital parameter produced the larger seasonal variation of solar radiation in the mid-Holocene than the PD, which resulted in declining of temperature in winter and increasing in summer; and also had
an important effect on precipitation with an effect equivalent to vegetation in Northeast China and North China. During the mid-Holocene, CO2 content was only 280×10-6, which reduced temperature in a very small magnitude. Therefore, factors affecting the mid-Holocene climate change over China from strong to weak are large-scale circulation pattern, vegetation, earth orbital parameter, and CO2 concentration. 相似文献
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This study aims at exploring potential impacts of land-use vegetation change (LUC) on regional climate variability and extremes. Results from a pair of Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) climate model 54-yr (1949-2002) integrations have been analysed. In the model experiments, two vegetation datasets are used, with one representing current vegetation coverage in China and the other approximating its potential coverage without human intervention. The model results show potential impacts ... 相似文献
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用区域气候模式 (RegCM_NCC) 对江淮流域地区春季初始土壤湿度异常导致的区域气候效应进行了数值模拟分析, 结果表明:土壤湿度异常变化对区域降水的影响非常显著, 土壤湿度的正异常使得异常区域内降水增大, 地面空气增湿、蒸发加大, 与此相应, 地表气温迅速降低, 土壤湿度的负异常有与之相反的结果, 这种区域气候响应是通过改变地表辐射平衡及地-气系统能通量而实现的; 区域土壤湿度异常对短期气候的影响在一个月之内较明显, 它的影响可持续至以后的几个月, 但强度逐渐减弱; 区域土壤湿度异常的气候响应不仅仅局限于异常区域内部, 而且可以通过次级环流影响到其他区域的降水、温度等变化。 相似文献
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土壤湿度影响中国夏季气候的数值试验 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用"全球土壤湿度计划第2阶段"提供的土壤湿度资料强迫区域气候模式RegCM3,通过数值试验讨论了土壤湿度对东亚夏季气候模拟效果的影响。结果表明,合理考虑土壤湿度的作用,能够提高区域气候模式对中国夏季降水和2 m气温的空间分布型及逐日变化的模拟效果;模拟结果与观测的相关分析显示,降水和2 m气温的年际变化都得到了有效改进,这种改进在气温上尤为明显。不过上述改进具有区域依赖性。数值试验结果表明,气温对土壤湿度的敏感性强于降水,这也从一个侧面说明提高降水模拟效果的难度。总体而言,合理的土壤湿度能够提高区域气候模式对中国夏季气候的模拟能力。因此,合理描述土壤湿度的变化,是提高中国夏季气候预报技巧的潜在途径之一。 相似文献