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1.
Kevin Hamilton 《大气与海洋》2013,51(1):40-54
Abstract The zonal wavenumber spectra of the geopotential heights of the 300‐ and 500‐mb surfaces in the Southern Hemisphere were determined for each month between May 1972 and November 1979 using daily operational analyses produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. During over one‐quarter of the “summer” months (November through March) there are very prominent peaks at zonal wavenumber five in the region of the mid‐latitude jet (～35–60°S). Frequently wavenumber five totally dominates the eddy fields in individual daily maps so that height contours in mid‐latitudes take on virtually pentagonal shapes. During periods when wavenumber 5 is prominent, it is observed to propagate eastward in a very regular manner with a period of about eleven days. All these findings are consistent with Salby's (1982) earlier results concerning the Southern Hemisphere height fields during the first few months of the FGGE experiment. There is little evidence for a similar phenomenon in the winter circulation of the Southern Hemisphere. 相似文献
2.
B. G. Sherstyukov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(8):514-520
The analysis of the contribution of lunar declination variations to the total variance of air pressure anomalies at meteorological stations of the global network is carried out on the basis of the data of daily observations. It is demonstrated that the changes in the declination of the Moon while moving around the Earth is accompanied by nonrandom variations of atmospheric pressure. Their manifestation depends significantly on the season and geographic latitude. The contribution of the lunar effect to the total variance of pressure anomalies is spatially inhomogeneous and amounts to 40% and more in the basic centers. The maximum effect is reached in the late spring or early summer in the corresponding hemisphere: in May and June in the Northern Hemisphere and in October and November in the Southern Hemisphere. 相似文献
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This paper summarizes the long term and decadal time scale fluctuations of atmospheric circulation in the Southern(Hemisphere) middle and high latitudes.The long time series of Antarctic Oscillation Indices(AOIs) were established for January.April.July and October based on the historical sea level pressure maps and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis surface pressure data set.It was found that the AOI of January had upward trend at a rate of 1.17 hPa/100 a.and July haddownward trend at a rate of -1.49 hPa/100 a since 1871.The method of wavelet analysis wasapplied to detect the low frequency characteristics of AOIs,and it is clear that there are decadalvariations in the time scale of about 20-30 years in all 4 indices.Since the averaged value of 4months could explain most variance of annual AOI.thus it is reasonable using the mean AOI of January,April,July and October to represent the annual AOI.The value of annual AOI was much lower in periods of about 1894-1901.1910-1935,and was much higher in periods of about 1880-1893,1936-1945.The positive anomalies were remarkable since 1980s.Power spectra of modeled AOIs from Hadley Center Control Integration(HCCI) were compared with the observations,it is found that the interannual time scale frequencies were more significant than decadal frequencies.But.there also had the possibility for generating weak deeadal fluctuations in some special months and years by Hasselmann mechanism. 相似文献
5.
利用ＥＣＭＷＦ提供的９ａ（１９８Ｏ－１９８８）资料，从定性和定量角度分析５００ｈＰａ全球东西风带的角动量和ＥＰ通量的季节过渡。结果发现：不仅角动量存在明显的季节性急变，而且反映波活动的ＥＰ通量也存在相应的季节性急变。另外，季节性急变的发生时间在东西风带亦有所不同。 相似文献
6.
杨梅 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(5):86-92
利用1986—2015年河西走廊东部5个气象站逐日气温、大气环流特征量和2016年5月常规天气图和物理量场，分析了河西走廊东部寒潮时空分布及其与大气环流特征量的关系和2016年5月3次寒潮天气过程天气成因。研究表明：河西走廊东部寒潮频次由北向南减少，中部最少；寒潮频次年际差异较大，总体呈下降趋势；寒潮主要出现在1—5月和10—12月，频次站次4月最多，6月最少，春季寒潮频次最多；寒潮最早出现在9月1日（永昌）、最晚出现在6月7日（乌鞘岭）。月寒潮频次与月亚洲、北半球的极涡面积和强度、北极涛动、亚洲经向环流和冷空气指数呈显著正相关，与北半球极涡中心纬向位置和强度、东亚大槽强度、西藏高原1和2指数呈负显著相关，前一月亚洲、北半球极涡面积和强度、北半球极涡中心强度、北极涛动指数对月寒潮预报预测具有良好的指示意义。使用多元回归建立寒潮月频次预报方程，通过了=0.1显著性水平检验。2016年5月3次寒潮天气均与极涡中心偏强有关，前期升温明显、高空强盛冷平流强盛、地面冷高压强烈是造成三次寒潮天气的主要原因，500 hPa横槽转向南压造成的降温幅度比小槽东移更大、影响范围更广。 相似文献
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The spatio-temporal variation of the tropopause height (TH) over the Indian region (5°N-35°N, 70°E-95°E) has been studied using monthly mean TH data, for 22-year period, 1965 to 1986. The study revealed that the stations south of 20° showed maximum TH in April / May and minimum in September. This variation in TH has been attributed to the corresponding variation of average sea surface temperature (SST) over ± 20° latitudinal belt over Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Further the stations north of 20°N showed maximum in June and minimum in October/ November. This maximum in TH has primarily been attributed to the increased insolation and convection. Furthermore it is noticed that the anomaly of TH moved northwards during the period April to July.The interannual variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon Activity (ISMA) has been studied in relation to all India mean TH (at 12 GMT) for six months April through September. The composites of mean TH for good and bad monsoon years showed that 相似文献
8.
南半球环流与西太平洋副热带高压和台风群中期活动的关系 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
通过对南北半球环流6年资料的分析,发现在北半球夏季5～8月,南半球中纬西风指数、低纬西风指数、赤道气压指标与北半球西太平洋副热带高压和台风群的中期活动均有较好的关系。在台风群活跃的年份,台风群生成阶段前后,环流变化由南半球中纬先开始,随后南半球低纬和赤道地区环流也出现变化,赤道气压指标到达低值,此后,北半球西太平洋副热带高压的特征产生一系列的变化,上述南北半球环流系统变化的传播过程为准二周周期。 相似文献
9.
利用1951-2005年若羌、且末及和田3个代表站55 a气温和北半球500 hPa高度及北太平洋海温资料,分析了南疆地区夏季高温年的气候变化,并对其形成进行海温场背景分析。发现南疆地区夏季高温的形成与北半球大气环流和北太平洋海温异常变化相联系。前期10月和2月相关的北半球副高特征指数对南疆地区夏季温度有很好的指示性;南疆地区夏季高温年发生的前期1月份开始,即在北太平洋建立西南海区高东北海区低的海温距平分布型,这种分布型持续到5月份结束。但这2个海区前期海温的异常变化不同,表现为:1-2月份西南海区海温变化幅度小,东北海区海温变化幅度大。3-5月份则西南海区海温变化幅度大,东北海区海温变化幅度小。 相似文献
10.
中低纬相互作用是热带环流研究的内容之一,但以往的研究多偏重于北半球。近年来由于资料条件有所改善,对南半球中低纬相互作用的研究日多。Ramaswamy等(1978)对印度季风中断期和活跃期南半球中纬的盛行流场作了对比[1]。Nicholis(1977)总结了印尼和新几内亚多雨和少雨月澳州高纬地区环流特征上的差别,指出热带降水与副热带西风强度有显著相关。这些工作对南半球中低纬环流相互作用的天气事实作了一定程度的揭露。 相似文献
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1998 SCSMEX期间亚洲30－60天低频振荡特征的分析 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
对１９９８年 ５－８月南海季风试验（ＳＣＳＭＥＸ）期间东亚地区 ８５０ ｈＰａ中低纬环流指数、东亚季风指数和长江中下游降水进行了Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ 小波分析,结果表明在此期间这些要素均有明显的３０－６０天周期低频振荡。在此基础上对 ５－８月每隔 ５天的 ８５０ ｈＰａ低频流场进行分析,结果表明：（１）１００°－１５０°Ｅ间东亚从中国东中部大陆经南海和西太平洋的南北半球中明显的存在一个以３０－６０天低频荡为特征的东亚季风低频环流系统,东亚季风活动主要受东亚季风系统中低频活动影响;（２）５月第５候南海热带季风爆发、６月中旬长江中下游人梅及产生大暴雨以及７月中旬以后的该地区大暴雨均与低频气旋带在该地区活动有关,而８月长江上游大暴雨则与低频反气旋伸人到大陆有关;（３）ＳＣＳＭＥＸ期间东亚低频振荡系统的源地有二个,即南海赤道和北半球中太平洋中高纬。南海低频系统向北传播,而中高纬低频系统自东北向西南传播为主。长江中下游６、７月二次大暴雨均与上述二个低频气旋系统自热带向北和中高纬向西南传播并于长江中下游汇合有关;（４）５－８月间东亚季风系统中有二次低频气旋带和二次低频反气旋带活动,这些低频环流系统的活动与印度季风低频环流系统活动并无明 相似文献
13.
本文通过对观测和再分析数据采用最大协方差分析以及回归、合成等分析方法,研究了青藏高原夏季地表气温与南半球大气环流之间的遥相关关系。结果表明,前期(4月)南半球极地—中高纬度大气环流呈现负位势高度异常、较低纬度印度洋—西太平洋区域呈现正位势高度异常时,高原中部和东部大部分区域夏季出现暖异常。在上述遥相关中,印度洋—西太平洋海温异常可能起到了重要的中间桥梁作用。在高原夏季温度偏高的年份,前期跨赤道的印度洋—西太平洋海温也持续偏暖,带来的海陆热力对比减小、经向跨赤道气流减弱有利于削弱夏季的季风环流,使得高原夏季降水偏少,有利于形成高原夏季的暖异常。在这一高原气温—南半球大气环流的遥相关关系中,4月南半球的大气位势高度场异常和与印度洋—西太平洋海温异常相关的异常高度场分布也十分相似。这一前期的跨赤道区域海温异常与南半球中高纬度位势高度场异常的因果关系仍有待进一步揭示。 相似文献
14.
The climate and natural variability of the large-scale stratospheric circulation simulated by a newly developed general circulation model are evaluated against available global observations. The simulation consisted of a 30-year annual cycle integration performed with a comprehensive model of the troposphere and stratosphere. The observations consisted of a 15-year dataset from global operational analyses of the troposphere and stratosphere. The model evaluation concentrates on the simulation of the evolution of the extratropical stratospheric circulation in both hemispheres. The December–February climatology of the observed zonal mean winter circulation is found to be reasonably well captured by the model, although in the Northern Hemisphere upper stratosphere the simulated westerly winds are systematically stronger and a cold bias is apparent in the polar stratosphere. This Northern Hemisphere stratospheric cold bias virtually disappears during spring (March–May), consistent with a realistic simulation of the spring weakening of the mean westerly winds in the model. A considerable amount of monthly interannual variability is also found in the simulation in the Northern Hemisphere in late winter and early spring. The simulated interannual variability is predominantly caused by polar warmings of the stratosphere, in agreement with observations. The breakdown of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex appears therefore to occur in a realistic way in the model. However, in early winter the model severely underestimates the interannual variability, especially in the upper troposphere. The Southern Hemisphere winter (June–August) zonal mean temperature is systematically colder in the model, and the simulated winds are somewhat too strong in the upper stratosphere. Contrary to the results for the Northern Hemisphere spring, this model cold bias worsens during the Southern Hemisphere spring (September–November). Significant discrepancies between the model results and the observations are therefore found during the breakdown of the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex. For instance, the simulated Southern Hemisphere stratosphere westerly jet continuously decreases in intensity more or less in situ from June to November, while the observed stratospheric jet moves downward and poleward.This paper was presented at the Third International Conference on Modelling of Global Climate Change and Variability, held in Hamburg 4–8 Sept. 1995 under the auspice of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg. Editor for these papers is L. Dümenil. 相似文献
15.
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian
monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon
Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all
of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with
5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over
East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the
middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern
Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical
monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over
the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity
of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources
of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes
of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high
latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the
Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems
from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the
middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt
each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems
is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency
circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward
by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation
system is testified once more in the summer 1998.
This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment”
and the fruit of it. 相似文献
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The time evolution of the general circulation over the South China Sea and surrounding areas during the period from April to June is studied using ECMWF data of 1980-1986. The first transition from the second (6-10 May ) to the third (11-15 May ) pentads is characterized by the distinct change of low-level (850 hpa ) winds from southeasterlies to southwesterlies along 15°N over the South China Sea, and by the sudden movement of the center of South Asian high in the upper troposphere (200 hpa ) from 10-15°N to 15-20°N over Southeast Asia. Corresponding to the abrupt change in circulations, the gradients of the temperature and humidity intensity along latitudes center on 30°N over East Asia at 850 hpa. The time sequence of the 850- 200 hpa layer thickness shows that the layer-mean temperature over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau-East China Plain region increases abruptly at the same time. The corresponding sudden increase of the vertically integrated heat source over the warming areas reveals that the heat source plays an evident role in the drastic changes. The time series of over the northern part of the South China Sea shows that the drastic increase of the areamean is also found but it is 5-10 days late than the change of corresponding wind fields. The time series of Xisha SST shows a continuous increase to about 29. 5°until May 10 when the abrupt changes in circulation occur. 相似文献
18.
为了解闪电对对流层上部微量气体的贡献,利用全球水资源和气候中心(GHRC)提供的1995年4月—2006年6月的闪电卫星格点资料,以及高层大气研究卫星(UARS)上的卤素掩星试验(HALOE)1991年10月—2005年11月的观测资料,分析了全球闪电与对流层上部NO和O3体积分数的时空分布特征及其相关性。结果表明:全球闪电12、1、2月集中在南半球,6—8月集中在北半球,全球闪电的季节分布与NO、O3类似;NO体积分数在350 h Pa附近达到最大,该高度的南半球NO体积分数变化范围为7×10-12~11×10-12、北半球为3×10-12~17×10-12;450~300 h Pa,北半球夏季O3体积分数呈明显增加趋势,且同一高度上夏季的值比年平均值大25%左右,南半球夏季O3体积分数高于冬季,但差异并不大。结论进一步证明了闪电与对流层上部NO及O3的密切关系,也为研究全球气候变化提供有力证据。 相似文献
19.
基于观测数据,统计分析了1999—2017年山东省冰雹频数月际变化的时空特征;基于大气再分析数据,通过对大尺度环流客观分型与物理量场的合成分析,探究了月际变化的成因。统计结果显示,山东省冰雹频数存在显著的月际变化,逐月冰雹落区具有明显的空间差异。成因探究结果表明：1）约88%的冰雹发生于低槽槽前,或槽后西北气流的环流形势下,此两种形势发生频率之和的月际变化与冰雹频数的月际变化呈现一致的起伏特征;2）水汽与热力条件影响了冰雹发生频数,对4—6月和9—10月而言,充足的水汽与强不稳定对应了较高的冰雹频数,其中6月冰雹频数最高归因于水汽含量与K指数均达到最大,且距平正异常最小;3）4—9月冰雹落区的空间分布与低层水汽输送及辐合存在较好的对应关系,而10月对应关系不明显。 相似文献
20.
R. D'Arrigo E. Cook R. Villalba B. Buckley J. Salinger J. Palmer K. Allen 《Climate Dynamics》2000,16(8):603-610
The limited length and spatial coverage of instrumental climate data for many areas of the Southern Hemisphere impedes the
study of atmosphere-ocean dynamics prior to the past century. Such analyses are important for understanding interannual to
decadal variation of the Southern Hemisphere circulation and whether recent changes are related to anthropogenic effects rather
than natural variability. We use a middle- to high-latitude tree-ring width data set (from Tasmania, New Zealand and Tierra
del Fuego) to reconstruct sea-level pressure (SLP) variability spanning the Tasman Sea and vicinity since ad 1740. The variables reconstructed are austral summer (November–March) SLP for Hobart, Tasmania (43°S, 147°E) and the Chatham
Islands, New Zealand (44°S, 177°E), as well as a meridional circulation index (Hobart-Chatham Islands index) which measures
the pressure gradient between these two stations. The three reconstructions are well verified statistically and capture between
40 and 48% of the variance in the SLP data. The instrumental and estimated SLP show similar spatial patterns of correlation
with the sea surface temperature (SST) field for the Pacific. Statistically significant (above 95% level) 3–3.5 year spectral
peaks are identified in the three reconstructions using multitaper spectral analysis, and a significant 4–5 year peak is found
in both the Chatham Islands and Hobart-Chatham Islands SLP reconstructions. These two modes are within the bandwidth of the
El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Although very speculative, they may also correspond to a proposed Antarctic circumpolar wave
of SLP, SST, wind and sea-ice extent, believed to play a key role in atmosphere-ocean circulation for the Southern Hemisphere.
Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 13 December 1999 相似文献