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1.
贵州省冬季地表(0cm)温度预报探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用EC细网格地温预报资料,进行预报准确率检验,检验结果表明,EC细网格地温预报准确率较差。并利用1971—2014年贵州0 cm地温资料和气温资料,对贵州冬季地温与气温的关系进行分析,应用统计回归方法建立以气温为基础的地温模型,从而实现通过气温估算地温,并对地气模型进行了检验;结果表明,平均地温预测模型和最低地温预测模型准确率分别达到92%和80%,绝对误差均小于2℃,最高地温预测模型准确率仅有42%,今后需要考虑在不同天气(晴、多云、阴、雨、雪等)条件,分别建立最高地温预测模型。  相似文献   

2.
根据潼关县气象站周边环境在1993年发生严重变化的事实,将1981—2010年分为前后两段,对气温、地温、降水、风速等主要气象观测资料对比分析,并与气象要素相关性明显且观测环境变化不大的邻站——华阴气象站的资料对比分析,结果表明:潼关县气象站周边环境变化对气象要素影响最大的是风、气温和地温,其次是蒸发;对降水、水汽压影响不大。  相似文献   

3.
鲍文比的大小表明地表蒸发潜热输送在总能量输送中的分配大小,即地表湿润状况。鲍文比大,地表较干燥,反之地表较湿润。这里分析了黑龙江省1 、7 月鲍文比的分布,研究了鲍文比与降水、气温、地温、风速、水汽压间的关系,并进一步探讨了鲍文比与主要气象因子间相关系数的空间分布。  相似文献   

4.
根据2008年7月至2009年6月围场国家基本气象站新、旧站址对比观测数据,利用均值差异、显著性检验等统计分析方法,系统地分析了新、旧站址的气温、风向风速、水汽压等气象要素的差异及差异产生原因.结果表明,新站址观测记录较旧站址气温偏低、风速显著偏大、主导风向有偏差、水汽压偏小,各气象要素差异产生的原因主要是来源于城镇化...  相似文献   

5.
俞香仁  苏茂 《气象》1981,7(1):49-50
在气象学上,对天气现象的描述诸如风雨雪霜,闪电雷暴,冰雹雾松等等已有不少。但有一种天气现象却往往不被人们所注意,这就是地冰花,也有人称为“霜柱”。这是种奇特的天气现象。在寒冷的冬天,晴朗而风静的夜晚,裸露而松散的土地上,常常可以看到生长出千姿百态的地冰花,有时连成一片,宛似白菊盛开,景色十分喜人(见图1)。 地冰花是怎么生成的呢?据我们观测,当气温低于零度,风速较小,土层潮湿而松散,地表温度在零下1—2度,土下层有水汽不断向上蒸发时,是地冰花生长的有利条件,因为地表温度低于零度时,会使土壤缝隙向上蒸发的水汽产生凇结。观测发现,这种凇结现象,当气温在零度时即开始,并随着水汽不断蒸发,这种凇结现象在不断进行,地冰花也不断向上伸长;当地表孔隙较大时,  相似文献   

6.
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP及ERA-interim再分析资料,对那曲市2017~2019年6~8月发生的热对流降水进行统计分析,结果表明:近三年出现了27d的热对流天气,午后热对流降水最集中的时段是15~17时;出现热对流天气时最高气温(Tmax)、最高地温至少分别达到14.2℃、32℃,日最高气温、最高地温与08时的数值相比较,平均高出10.4℃、37.3℃;从对流温度(Tg)看,当Tmax-Tg处于(1.5~5.5)℃区间时,出现热对流的频率最高,当Tmax-Tg值<1℃或>8℃时,出现热对流的概率为0,并非Tmax-Tg值越大,热对流发生的概率就越大;水汽条件上,08时平均湿层在460hPa以下,具有上干下湿的特性;通过订正Tlog-P曲线得到,发生热对流时CAPE值最少要达到800J·kg?1;从个例合成分析得出,对流发生前那曲市处于高压控制或晴空少云状态,午后有辐合上升运动,低层的辐合上升引起周围水汽的汇聚;水汽的来源是前期平流输送或是地表蒸发有待于进一步研究。   相似文献   

7.
利用江西省93个气象站观测资料,基于平流 干旱模型对1961—2019年江西省实际蒸发量进行估算,再进行气候倾向率、贡献率计算、敏感性分析和M K检验等,分析蒸发量的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:江西省蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,幅度为-547 mm/(10 a);蒸发量在1969年发生突变,突变后其下降趋势明显减弱;夏季蒸发量下降最为显著,秋季次之,春、冬两季不明显。蒸发量对风速变化表现为负敏感,对气温、水汽压、净辐射量变化表现为正敏感,且任意时段内蒸发量对气象因子变化的敏感程度均为净辐射量>气温>风速>水汽压。净辐射量变化是影响江西省夏季蒸发量变化的主导因子,但其他季节净辐射量变化是气温、净辐射量和风速的共同作用的结果。随着气候逐渐变暖,气温和风速等因素对蒸发量变化贡献的增加不容忽视。  相似文献   

8.
利用成都双流国际机场2012—2020年的地面观测资料和温江站常规探空资料等,统计了双流机场霜、雪及相关气象要素的基本特征;同时利用双流机场指挥中心提供的2018年除冰记录,统计分析双流机场霜、雪天气对运行的影响。结果发现:双流机场出现霜时,气温多在04时下降至20 ℃,07、08时降至05 ℃,相对湿度多在04时达到95%并维持,天空状况为少云到多云,平均风速00时后多在 1 m/s以下;双流机场雪(含雨夹雪)出现时,700 hPa气温平均为-12 ℃,850 hPa为-5 ℃,925 hPa为0 ℃,地面平均气温24 ℃,平均露点温度04 ℃,0 ℃层距离地面的平均高度为400 m;07—08时出现00 ℃以下低温,且相对湿度接近饱和时,会对运行有较大影响。  相似文献   

9.
使用北京人工影响天气办公室提供的2014-2017年京津冀地区飞行记录积冰个例样本与机载观测数据,2016年全国空中报告积冰、非积冰个例样本和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)第5代全球气候大气再分析数据(ERA5),基于模糊逻辑隶属度函数,定义了以气温和相对湿度为判别基础并考虑垂直速度和云量影响的积冰指数Ip(icing potential index),用于判断飞机在空中发生积冰事件的可能性。检验结果表明:该指数对积冰事件的判别准确率为80.2%,与目前国内常用的经典积冰指数(Ic)相比,其判别准确率有明显提升,且漏报率和虚警率均显著降低(分别为9.4%和10.4%),结合数值预报产品可对飞机在空中特定位置发生积冰事件的可能性进行预测。  相似文献   

10.
ECMWF和GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)预报产品是国内目前主要的应用服务产品。为了了解ECMWF和GRAPES预报产品的性能,使用户在实际应用中,根据需求可选择性地应用上述预报产品,本文利用中国气象局2421个国家级自动站和8155个地面天气站(骨干站)逐时观测资料对2017年7月和11月、2018年1月和4月的ECMWF确定性预报模式(C1D)和我国研发的区域数值预报模式GRAPES_MESO、全球数值预报模式GRAPES_GFS的气温、地表温度、湿度、风速预报资料在中国区域的适用性进行了评估。结果表明:与各观测要素实况相比,3个模式均存在系统误差。地表温度预报易低估、风速预报易高估;3个模式预报能力普遍存在明显的区域差异、季节差异和昼夜变化。青藏地区3个模式预报能力明显低于其他地区。3个模式气温、风速的预报能力春季最差,湿度预报能力夏季最优,地表温度白天的预报能力秋冬季低于春夏季。GRAPES_MESO模式气温、风速的预报能力没有明显的昼夜变化;在分析的所有气象要素中,3个模式均为湿度的预报准确率最低,GRAPES_MESO模式的地表温度预报准确率最高,GRAPES_GFS模式和C1D模式风速预报准确率最高。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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