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2001年度（指2000年12月至2001年11月）湖北省气温持续偏高，降水明显偏少。主要气候特点为：冬季暖湿，雨雪雾天气多；春季降水少，冷空气活动强度大，部分地区出现干旱、低温冻害和浮尘；夏秋气温高、降水显著偏少，大部地区出现夏秋连旱，对农业生产和人民生活造成较大影响。夏秋干旱持续时间之长，受旱范围之广，受旱程度之重， 为历史同期少见，农业年景人尽其才歉。 相似文献
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利用佳县1969—2009年气温、降水、日照时数、相对湿度等气象资料,分析佳县气候特征和变化规律。分析表明:佳县气温呈上升趋势,降水无明显升降趋势,但年际变化较大;夏季炎热、冬季寒冷,降水偏少且分配不均,气温年较差大,日照充足,空气湿度低,以干旱为主,适合发展旱作农业。 相似文献
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主要分析了山东2001年秋季气温偏高，降水偏少的天气气候特点和各月大气环流特征，并对其产生的影响进行了评价。 相似文献
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1 基本气候特点
2005年河南基本气候概况为：全省年平均气温基本正常，其中冬季气温明显偏低，为1986年以来最冷的冬天，春、夏、秋季气温偏高。全省年降水量较常年偏多，其中冬季降水正常，春季降水偏少，夏、秋季降水偏多。全省年日照时数偏少。年内相继出现了冬季低温冻害、春季北中部干旱、初夏持续性高温、盛夏暴雨洪涝和秋季连阴雨等多种气象灾害，大雾和雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气也时有发生，但总体而言，本年度气象灾害偏轻，气候条件总体正常，属于偏好年景。 相似文献
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冬季（１９９３．１２—１９９４．２）气候影响评价哈斯（气候中心）我区冬季气候特点是：前冬降水偏多，气温偏低，后冬降水少，气温偏高。初冬末我区中东部出现了大范围降雪天气，锡盟以东地区降了中到大雪，没有出现严重灾害。季内大风日数较常年偏少。１气温冬季全区... 相似文献
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1主要气候特点及重大气候事件2004年黑龙江省主要气候特点:气温显著偏高、降水偏少。全省年平均气温为3.8℃,比常年偏高1.2℃,其中12月气温偏低,4、5、7、8月正常,其它各月气温均偏高,初夏全省出现高温(≥30℃)天气,西南部高温日数为近40a来最多值。全省年平均降水量为445m m,比常年偏少1成左右,其中4月及夏秋各月降水均偏少,冬季各月及春季的3、5月降水偏多到特多。春季黑龙江省东部和北部降水异常偏多、强度大,出现了近10a来最为严重的内涝;初夏降水持续偏少,全省大部分地区出现了初夏干旱,西部发生了草地螟虫害;秋季降水偏少,北部林区发… 相似文献
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基于2014—2016年京津冀地区学龄前儿童流感发病人数和气象观测数据,研究了学龄前儿童流感发病与单个气象要素以及综合气象条件的关系,结果表明:该地区学龄前儿童流感发病人数与一周以内的气温、相对湿度、气压和综合气象条件指标—大气环境人体感知度（BPWI）存在显著线性相关。大气环境人体感知度与学龄前儿童流感具有更稳定的暴露-反应关系:当BPWI≤?11或0≤BPWI<10 时,随着BPWI减小,流感发病风险增大。气压是另一个显著影响流感发病的气象要素:当本站气压>905 hPa,随着气压的升高,流感发病人数增多;当本站气压达到1007 hPa时,流感发病风险达到峰值。在厘清暴露-反应关系的基础上,采用机器学习方法进行预报建模,发现超前3天的BPWI对流感发病人数贡献最大。通过历史回报检验,得到了较好的学龄前儿童流感发病回报效果,为流感的分类人群干预提供了预报依据和科学参考。 相似文献
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This study investigated the relationships between sea surface temperature(SST) and weather phenomena in different seasons in the Bohai region(China). Five categories of weather phenomena were screened(i.e., fine, cloudy,foggy, rainy and windy conditions) and their relationships with the difference between air temperature and SST observed at Oil Platform A during 2003-2010 were analyzed statistically. The effects of the difference between air temperature and SST in different weather phenomena were examined using the flux method of the atmospheric boundary layer and a formula for the difference between air temperature and SST. The results revealed diurnal variation of the difference between air temperature and SST of-1.0 to +1.0 ℃, i.e., air temperature above the sea surface is subtracted from the SST in corresponding weather phenomena in different seasons in the Bohai region. Moreover,according to the formula for the difference between air temperature and SST, wind and shortwave radiation are the most important factors in terms of the effects of SST on weather processes. In conclusion, the effects of SST on weather phenomena are manifest via the exchange of momentum and energy from sea to air. When the air temperature above the sea surface is lower than the SST, the SST helps develop mesoscale convection systems within the synoptic system through moisture and sensible heat fluxes. When the air temperature above the sea surface is greater than the SST,synoptic systems transfer energy into the sea through heat flux, which affects SST variation. Moreover, a mesoscale convection system will weaken if the synoptic system passes over a colder underlying surface. 相似文献
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A. K. Georgoulias D. K. Papanastasiou D. Melas V. Amiridis G. Alexandri 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,104(1-2):103-111
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is characterized by the turbulence eddies that transport heat, momentum, gaseous constituents and particulate matter from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and vice versa. Thus, the determination of its height has a great importance in a wide range of applications like air quality forecasting and management. This study aims at estimating the height of the ABL in a suburban environment and at investigating its temporal variation and its relationship with meteorological variables, like temperature and wind. For this purpose, radiosonde data from the suburban area of Thessaloniki, Greece, are analyzed. The data analysis reveals that ABL height is usually below 200 m in the morning hours during all seasons of the year and that is also low when near-surface temperature and wind speed are low too. Additionally, noon ABL height exhibits a strong seasonal variation, reaching higher values during summer than during winter.Very high values of ABL height, of the order of ~3,000 m, are occasionally observed in Thessaloniki during summer. Moreover, sea breeze development during summer is related to a slight reduction of the ABL height. 相似文献
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对比了2017～2019年重庆沙坪坝MP-3000A型地基微波辐射计和Metop-A掩星资料气温、湿度廓线探测之间的差异,并对两次天气过程中微波辐射计的探测特征进行分析,结果表明：(1)微波辐射计与掩星气温在整个探测高度上均为显著正相关,且低层高于高层；夏半年偏差小于冬半年；,4km以下微波辐射计探测气温高于掩星气温,降雨时偏差更大。(2)微波辐射计与掩星相对湿度相关性稍高于气温；,夏半年相关性高于冬半年,,偏差小于冬半年；降水天气时,1km以下及4～-6km之间,微波辐射计相对湿度的负偏差值明显比无降水时大。(3)降水时段,微波辐射计探测5km以下为高湿区,暖湿气团上升过程中凝结潜热和绝热冷却作用,中低层出现了逆温层；辐射雾出现时,微波辐射计探测到近地面层相对湿度增大和气温降低。 相似文献
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This paper addresses the interannual variation of winter air temperature over Northeast China and its connection to preceding Eurasian snow cover.The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between October Eurasian snow cover and following-winter air temperature over Northeast China.The snow cover located in eastern Siberia and to the northeast of Lake Baikal plays an important role in the winter air temperature anomaly.More(less)eastern Siberia snow in October can cause an atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern in which the atmospheric pressure is higher(lower)than normal in the polar region and lower(higher)in the northern mid-high latitudes.Due to the persistence of the eastern Siberia snow from October to the following winter,the winter atmospheric anomaly is favorable(unfavorable)to the widespread movement of cold air masses from the polar region toward the northern mid-high latitudes and,hence,lower(higher)temperature over Northeast China.Simultaneously,when the October snow cover is more(less),the SST in the northwestern Pacific is continuously lower(higher)as a whole; then,the Aleutian low and the East Asia trough are reinforced(weakened),favoring the lower(higher)temperature over Northeast China. 相似文献
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基于一个全球海-冰-气耦合模式的数值模拟结果,选取冬季格陵兰海海表面温度(SST)、海冰密集度、海表面感热通量等物理量以及3个相关区域海平面气压分别作经验正交函数展开,取第一模时间系数作相关分析。结果表明,上一年海冰密集度偏大(小)与来年的SST偏低(高)相联系,但二者同期相关性最大。当海气热通量交换变化超前一年时,其与SST相关性最大。模式最低层大气温度与海洋表面热通量之间的同时相关性最大,冬季模式最低层气温偏高(低)与海洋表面失去的感热、潜热通量偏少(多)相联系。气温、比湿都和冰岛低压区及格陵兰海的海平面气压相关性最强,冰岛低压气压偏低(高)与模式最低层气温和比湿偏高(低)相联系。所以,在海-冰-气年际尺度的相互作用中,主要关系是大气环流调整造成大气中云量和低层气温、湿度变化,进而影响海气界面上的通量交换,造成SST的变化。SST变化决定着海冰范围及海冰密集度的变化,但海冰变化时通过相变潜热的释放或吸收反过来对SST变化有较明显影响。 相似文献
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利用中国气象局成都高原气象研究所建立的5个边界层站（湄潭、巴中、什邡、曲麻莱、狮泉河）2019年的观测资料，对比分析青藏高原及周边地区近地层大气要素变化和陆—气能量交换特征及异同点，探讨其原因。结果表明：（1）青藏高原及周边地区近地层大气温度、相对湿度、风速、感热通量、潜热通量、动量通量均符合一峰一谷的常规日变化特征，气压具有双峰双谷的日变化特征。（2）高海拔台站近地层温度日变幅（12℃）高于周边低海拔地区（4～6℃），季变幅与海拔高度的关系不显著。（3）相对湿度与温度关系密切，相对湿度的垂直结构和日变化都具有明显的区域差异，其垂直梯度夜间显著高于白天，峰值出现时间随夏、秋、春、冬季呈现季节性滞后，而谷值超前。（4）风速春季较大，夏、秋季次之，冬季小，季变幅略小于日变幅；低海拔区域的风速及其日变幅均显著低于高海拔区域。（5）低海拔区域气压季变幅（>13 hPa）远高于日变幅（2.5 hPa左右），而高海拔区域气压季变幅（>3 hPa）略低于日变幅（2 hPa左右）。（6）感热通量春季大、冬季小；感热通量和动量通量在高海拔区域均较高，二者具有较一致的日、季变化特征，表明大气动... 相似文献
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利用成都市城区2015年12月~2019年12月污染物浓度及气象资料,对PM10、PM2.5、CO、O3、 SO2、NO2六种大气污染物浓度变化特征以及与气象要素之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明:2016~2019年成都市空气质量冬季最差,秋季最好,年内整体以良为主,重度污染和严重污染的天气较少出现,空气质量逐年变好;主要污染物浓度除O3外在冬季最高,夏季最低,春秋两季相差不大,O3浓度变化则相反;主要污染物的日变化特征也较为明显。空气质量综合指数、PM10、PM2.5、CO、NO2浓度与气温和降水存在显著负相关性,与气压存在显著正相关性,还与相对湿度呈不同程度的负相关,但与风速相关性不显著;O3浓度不仅与风速、气温和降水存在显著的正相关,还与气压呈显著的负相关,却与相对湿度的负相关性不显著。 相似文献
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Twentieth century variability of surface humidity as the climate change indicator in Kraków (Southern Poland) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agnieszka Wypych 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(3-4):475-482
Air humidity is an element that plays an important role among meteorological processes within the atmosphere; however, the variety of humidity indices makes the global view of air moisture changes difficult. Long-term variability of air humidity in Kraków was examined by time-series (1901–2000) analysis of vapour pressure and saturation deficit values and their characteristic days with the background of temperature and saturated vapour pressure changes. Long-term variability of air humidity in Kraków has been visible above all in variations of saturation deficit. It should be connected with the contemporary temperature growth and the city development as the atmospheric water vapour content (described by vapour pressure) becomes relatively stable (with no significant tendencies). The parameter showed well-marked trends over the examined period. The growth of saturation deficit values predominated in the warm half of a year (above all in August: an increase in SD value by 3.0 hPa per century). Apart from atmospheric circulation variability, gradual rise in the number of inhabitants and higher development density contributed to the decline in the city’s air humidity; however, the causes of changes in air humidity should be also attributed to natural factors, mainly to variation of air circulation reinforced by the operation of anthropogenic factors. Using air humidity as the indicator, the results that confirm climatic fluctuations in central Europe in the twentieth century obtained earlier were verified and some new aspects of present climate change were given. 相似文献
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根据2003年朝阳市大气环境监测资料,分析了朝阳地区大气污染的时间变化特征。研究结果表明:由于朝阳市存在工业布局不合理,生产工艺、污染处理设施落后等问题,市区大气污染问题较为突出;朝阳地区低空逆温频率偏高,而且贴地逆温强度相对较强,非贴地逆温平均底高相对较低,使得污染源排放的污染物在逆温层下输送扩散,不利于大气污染物的稀释。 相似文献