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1.
2005年江淮流域入梅偏晚的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
2005年是江淮流域入梅偏晚年。利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料、OLR资料和江苏省气象台提供的2005年逐日降水资料，对2005年江淮流域入梅前的异常环流形势进行分析，探讨了西太平洋副热带高压和低层中高纬冷空气的活动异常与东亚大槽、中西太平洋ITCZ以及东亚副热带高空西风急流等活动异常的关系。结果表明，入梅前，东亚大槽发展强盛，ITCZ偏弱以及东亚副热带高空西风急流强劲少动导致西太平洋副热带高压北抬偏晚。同时，东亚副热带高空西风急流的强劲少动也使南下冷空气势力强劲，中低层副热带锋区偏南，抑制了暖湿的东亚夏季风向江淮流域推进。东亚副热带高空西风急流和西太平洋副热带高压向北突跳偏晚是江淮流域2005年入梅偏晚的主要原因。 相似文献
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By prescribing sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)over eastern equatorial Pacific inJanuary—March,the lag influence of ENSO(El Nino and La Nina)on monsoon over East Asiahas been studied.The results suggest that,due to the excitation of atmospheric low-frequencyoscillation by the SSTA,ENSO has significant lag influence on the monsoon over East Asia.During the summer after E1 Nino,the subtropical high over western Pacific is intensified andshows the northward and westward displacement,meanwhile,the rainfall over East China isbelow normal,especially in North China:during the winter after E1 Nino,both the Asian troughand the winter monsoon over East Asia are strengthened.During the summer after La Nina,theanomalous subtropical high prevails over the lower reaches of Yangtze(Changjiang)River,therainfall between Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers is below normal:during the winter after La Nina,both the Asian trough and the winter monsoon over East Asia are weaker.Compared with LaNina,the effect of El Nino is stronger,but it is not always opposite to the one of La Nina. 相似文献
4.
北半球冬季欧亚遥相关型的变化特征及其对我国气候的影响? 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站地表面气温和降水的观测资料, 首先采用旋转经验正交函数 (REOF) 方法定义了冬季欧亚遥相关型 (EU), 并计算了冬季的欧亚遥相关型指数 (EU指数), 在此基础上分析了欧亚遥相关型的时间和空间变化特征, 并进一步研究了与欧亚遥相关型异常相联系的东亚冬季风系统变化以及我国冬季气温和降水的异常。针对欧亚遥相关型的分析结果表明, 在欧亚大陆上空, 大气内部存在与EU相联系的波列从北大西洋传播到乌拉尔山以东的欧亚大陆地区。在时间变化上, 冬季EU以为年际变率为主, 年代际变化的分量不明显, 其显著周期表现为2～4年。当冬季EU处于正位相时, 与之相关联的东亚大气环流异常表现为: 东亚地区高空的急流增强、 东亚大槽加深, 导致东亚冬季风偏强, 东亚地区温度偏低, 从而使得我国东部降温、 降水减少; 反之, 当冬季EU处于负位相时, 我国东部增温、 降水增加。 相似文献
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Diagnostic Comparison of Wintertime East Asian Subtropical Jet and Polar-Front Jet: Large-Scale Characteristics and Transient Eddy Activities 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3 
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下载免费PDF全文 Diagnostic comparison of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) and polar-front jet (EAPJ) in winter season is carried out by using the ERA-40 dataset. The large-scale circulation characteristics and synopticscale transient eddy activities (STEAs) associated with the EASJ and EAPJ are examined. The results show that the EASJ and EAPJ in the upper-level monthly mean data have no clear geographical border, while the distribution of the numbers of jet cores from the daily data exhibits a distinct boundary at the latitudes of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The two areas with large numbers of jet cores correspond to the EASJ and EAPJ regions. The analysis of STEAs over the East Asian region shows a spatial match of STEAs with the EASJ and EAPJ in winter: the strong EASJ is located within the weak southern branch of the STEA while the relatively weak EAPJ appears within the active northern branch of the STEA, indicating that the EAPJ is the jet coexisting with the STEA. Further analysis shows two anomalous modes of the winter EAPJ: the anomalous anticyclonic/cyclonic circulation and the weakened/strengthened local westerly wind. The large-scale circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere related to the first mode are concentrated in the Eurasian mid to high latitudes, and are also influenced by the anomalous circulation in the upstream area. When the local westerly wind over the EAPJ region is weakened/strengthened, the westerly jet in the eastern part of the EASJ and that in the western Pacific region show opposite variations. The corresponding anomalous atmospheric circulation demonstrates the Eurasian (EU) pattern. The EAPJ anomalies are also closely linked with the STEA anomalies over East Asia. The anomalies in the northern branch of the STEA propagate as a wave train along its axis into the East Asian coastal waters, and then migrate eastward to the oceanic region. However, the ones near the southern branch are trapped over the eastern part of East Asia and its coastal waters at 200 hPa. 相似文献
6.
Modulation of the Arctic Oscillation and the East Asian winter climate relationships by the 11-year solar cycle 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The modulation of the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the East Asian winter climate by the 11-year solar cycle was investigated.During winters with high solar activity (HS),robust ... 相似文献
7.
It is still not well understood if subseasonal variability of the local PM2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is affected by the stratospheric state. Using PM2.5 observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, the evolution of the air quality in BTH during the January 2021 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is explored. The subseasonal variability of the PM2.5 concentration after the SSW onset is evidently enhanced. Stratospheric circumpolar easterly anomalies lasted for 53 days during the January–February 2021 SSW with two evident stratospheric pulses arriving at the ground. During the tropospheric wave weakening period and the intermittent period of dormant stratospheric pulses, the East Asian winter monsoon weakened, anomalous temperature inversion developed in the lower troposphere, anomalous surface southerlies prevailed, atmospheric moisture increased, and the boundary layer top height lowered, all of which favor the accumulation of pollutant particulates, leading to two periods of pollution processes in the BTH region. In the phase of strengthened East Asian winter monsoon around the very beginning of the SSW and another two periods when stratospheric pulses had reached the near surface, opposite-signed circulation patterns and meteorological conditions were observed, which helped to dilute and diffuse air pollutants in the BTH region. As a result, the air quality was excellent during the two periods when the stratospheric pulse had reached the near surface. The increased subseasonal variation of the regional pollutant particulates after the SSW onset highlights the important role of the stratosphere in the regional environment and provides implications for the environmental prediction. 相似文献
8.
The sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to soil moisture anomalies over China was investigated based on ensembles of seasonal simulations(March–September) using the NCEP GCM coupled with the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model(NCEP GCM/SSi B). After a control experiment with free-running soil moisture, two ensembles were performed in which the soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China(YRNC) was double and half that in the control, with the maximum less than the field capacity. The simulation results showed significant sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to wet soil in YRNC. The wetter soil was associated with increased surface latent heat flux and reduced surface sensible heat flux. In turn, these changes resulted in a wetter and colder local land surface and reduced land–sea temperature gradients, corresponding to a weakened East Asian monsoon circulation in an anomalous anticyclone over southeastern China, and a strengthened East Asian trough southward over Northeast China. Consequently, less precipitation appeared over southeastern China and North China and more rainfall over Northeast China. The weakened monsoon circulation and strengthened East Asian trough was accompanied by the convergence of abnormal northerly and southerly flow over the Yangtze River valley, resulting in more rainfall in this region.In the drier soil experiments, less precipitation appeared over YRNC. The East Asian monsoon circulation seems to show little sensitivity to dry soil anomalies in NCEP GCM/SSi B. 相似文献
9.
夏季东亚高空西风急流气候特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析风场资料定义了西风急流强度指数和位置指数,然后利用EOF方法对西风急流进行了进一步的分析,分析了高空西风急流的空间分布特征,从强度和位置两方面分析了西风急流与东亚环流及其与海温的关系。分析表明： EOF第一模态反映了东亚高空急流的位置指数,第二模态反映了高空急流的强度指数。东亚高空急流与对流层大气环流包括南亚高压,西太平洋副热带高压,东亚夏季风存在着密切关系,其气候变化与热带副热带东太平洋、印度洋海温密切相关。 相似文献
10.
根据中国气象局《梅雨监测业务规定》中的入、出梅标准,结合1960—2016年全国661个常规气象站逐日气象资料,以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分析了江淮梅雨和东亚副热带夏季风进程变异的时空特征,提取季风关键区(32°~34°N,112°~120°E,包含17个站点),并分析了江淮梅雨和季风关键区的联系与成因。结果表明:1960—2016年平均梅雨期为6月8日—7月15日,平均梅雨量为303 mm。比东亚平均梅雨季的开始时间早9 d,比其结束时间晚7 d。梅雨量在近57 a中也呈波动式变化,但整体为上升趋势。入梅越早,出梅越晚,则梅雨期越长,梅雨量越多。副热带夏季风推进到关键区的平均时间为5月19日,其在1970s末和1990s末分别发生了由偏晚向偏早和由偏早向偏晚的突变。夏季风到达关键区偏早时,出梅日偏晚,梅雨量偏多,季风到达偏晚时,出梅日偏早,梅雨量偏少。副热带夏季风推进时间和江淮梅雨量呈全区一致的负相关,负相关区位于湖南、湖北及江西三省临近的两湖地区。东亚副热带夏季风到达关键区时间偏早(晚)年,500 hPa高度场上乌拉尔山—鄂霍茨克海为正(负)距平,阻塞高压增强(减弱);日本海附近为负(正)距平,东亚大槽加深(西退北缩),加强(削弱)了槽后冷空气向南输送且不(有)利于中低纬度副热带高压的北跳,西太平洋副热带高压中心强度增强(减弱),位置偏西(东),其西北侧的西南暖湿气流输送加强(减弱),江淮地区有水汽的辐合(辐散),有(不)利于梅雨量偏多。 相似文献
11.
基于1981 ～2010年台站沙尘观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了我国北方春季沙尘日数的时空分布.沙尘频发区主要位于新疆南部和内蒙古西部,这两个中心全季沙尘日数均在10日以上.研究时段内北方沙尘日数呈显著减少趋势.相关分析发现,春季北方沙尘日数与前冬冬季风环流系统关系密切.春季沙尘日数偏多时,前冬东亚大陆陆地-西太平洋气压差较常年偏大,东亚大槽偏深,低层我国北方地区-蒙古国北风分量偏强,高层的东亚副热带纬向急流偏强、高纬度急流偏弱.上述环流型对应于强冬季风特征,反之亦然.进一步分析指出,冬季风强(弱)年,我国北方大部分地区春季低层辐散(辐合),降水偏少(多),低层北风偏强(弱),促使(抑制)春季沙尘的发生. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和中国台站降水资料研究冬季东亚高空副热带急流和温带急流协同变化特征及其与中国南方地区降水的关系,发现冬季东亚高原急流与温带急流同期反向协同变化特征最为显著。即高原急流增强,同时温带急流减弱(SW型)和高原急流减弱,同时温带急流增强(WS型)。当高原急流增强(减弱)而温带急流减弱(增强)时,中国南方地区降水显著增加(减少)。合成分析表明,不同急流协同变化型态下冷暖空气活动特征存在较大差异,高原急流与温带急流的反向协同变化可以真实反映与冬季中国南方地区降水相关联的冷暖空气活动特征,进而导致不同降水形态的产生。 相似文献
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利用ERA-Interim再分析资料,采用滤波和合成分析等统计方法,分析了冬季东亚高空急流的季节内协同变化以及对我国东部降水的影响,结果表明:在季节内尺度(10~90天)中,东亚地区冬季300 hPa逐日纬向风主要表现为准双周振荡(10~30天)。300 hPa低频纬向风异常整体向东传播,高纬的低频纬向风异常向南传播,低纬低频纬向风没有明显经向传播特征。伴随低频纬向西风从里海附近开始向东移动至西北太平洋上空,温带急流向东再向东南移动并且强度先增强再减弱,副热带急流位置没有明显变化,强度演变特征与温带急流变化相反。降水异常对300 hPa风场低频振荡有显著响应,低频降水主要出现在我国东部,随时间向东移动,移至西太平洋附近消失;受低频风场影响,温带急流偏强,副热带急流偏弱时,我国东部高空辐合,地面表现为低频高压,整层有较强下沉气流,地面为东北风控制,不易产生降水;温带急流偏弱,副热带急流偏强时,青藏高原北侧整层一致东风异常,南侧整层一致西风异常,使我国东部高空辐散,地面受低频低压控制,我国东部产生整层上升运动,并且有西南风水汽输送,水汽辐合,我国东部出现低频降水正异常。 相似文献
14.
As the first leading mode of upper-tropospheric circulation in observations, the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet (EAJ) varies closely with the East Asian rainfall in summer. In this study, the interannual variation of the EAJ meridional displacement and its relationship with the East Asian summer rainfall are evaluated, using the historical simulations of CMIP5 (phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project). The models can generally reproduce the meridional displacement of the EAJ, which is mainly manifested as the first principal mode in most of the simulations. For the relationship between the meridional displacement of the EAJ and East Asian rainfall, almost all the models depict a weaker correlation than observations and exhibit considerably large spread across the models. It is found that the discrepancy in the interannual relationship is closely related to the simulation of the climate mean state, including the climatological location of the westerly jet in Eurasia and rainfall bias in South Asia and the western North Pacific. In addition, a close relationship between the simulation discrepancy and intensity of EAJ variability is also found: the models with a stronger intensity of the EAJ meridional displacement tend to reproduce a closer interannual relationship, and vice versa. 相似文献
15.
亚洲急流与冬季风的关系及其对中国气候的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用NCEP\NCAR逐月再分析资料和中国台站逐日观测数据,采用奇异值分解(SVD)、相关分析和合成分析等方法,研究冬季亚洲高空急流的配置与冬季风的关系及其对地面气候的影响.结果表明,青藏高原至亚洲东部沿海的副热带急流强(弱),高纬的温带急流弱(强)时,中国中、东部大范围地区气温偏低(高);中东急流强(弱),东亚副热带急流偏南(北),温带急流东南部较弱(强)时,西南气温偏低(高),东北气温偏高(低),中、东部地区冬季降水偏多(少).结合水平风场的变化,副热带地区出现西风异常弱,温带出现东风异常时,有利于东亚大槽加深并向南扩张,低层偏北风加强,东亚冬季风增强,而青藏高原反气旋环流被削弱,冷高压减弱,相应的高原季风减弱.高、低纬急流区纬向风的差异较大时,加强了急流对低层冷、暖空气交绥的引导和汇聚的作用.东亚季风指数(EAMI)与高原季风指数(PMI)在冬季多呈负相关.冬季风异常期间,若副热带急流偏强,温带急流偏弱,高纬的干冷空气受南侧急流的汇聚作用而南侵,有利于中国大部分地区降温,降水减少;反之,低纬的暖湿气流受到北侧急流引导而向北输送,导致中国大部分地区升温,降水偏多. 相似文献
16.
Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) daily reanalysis data and the upper-level objective analysis data provided by the Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System (MICAPS), the feature of the spatio-temporal variation of the East Asian jet stream (EAJS) in persistent snowstorm and freezing rain processes over southern China in January 2008 have been investigated. Each of the storm events was closely linked with the extraordinarily abnormal variations of East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) and East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ) at that time. The stronger EASJ with abnormally northward position of the jet axis corresponded to the more intense storm event with broader ranges and longer duration time. The heavy freezing-rain-and-snow event occurred over the region where a strong southerly wind of EASJ prevailed. Meanwhile, the westerly and northerly winds of the EAPJ were significantly intensified, which were also closely related to the beginning, enhancement, and ending of the heavy snowfall. The meridional component of the EAPJ was dominated by the northerly wind during the snowstorm. Thus, the intensification of the snowstorm was attributed to both the strengthening of the meridional wind of EAPJ and the southerly wind of EASJ. Further analysis indicated that wind speed and the zonal wind of the two jets exhibited precursory signals about half a month prior to this extreme event, and the precursory signals were found in the meridional components of the two jets about 20 days preceding the event. The sudden weakening of the meridional component of EASJ and the zonal component of EAPJ signified the ending of this persistent snowstorm. 相似文献
17.
基于京津冀地区逐日和逐时降水资料,对1970年以来变暖背景下该地区盛夏（7月和8月）和初秋（9月）降水的变化特征分析后:近46年京津冀地区盛夏降水显著减少,在1990年代末由多雨转为少雨位相,降水日变化上,不同时段的降水皆明显减少,其中持续性降水事件的变化对总降水量减少的贡献更大。而初秋降水明显增加,且在2000年代初发生跃变,由少雨转为多雨位相,夜间降水明显增加,并且持续性降水的增加和跃变是初秋降水增加的主要原因。进一步分析发现,日最高气温的变化与短时降水有较好的时间关系,盛夏时最高气温在1997年发生跃变,从较低位相跃变为较高位相,对应的,盛夏短时降水也同年发生跃变,由多雨转为少雨位相。而初秋的最高气温变化不明显,短时降水也没有发生跃变,无明显的变化趋势。此外,在环流场上,2000年代后,盛夏时欧亚中高纬阻高活动加强,阻碍了中纬度西风扰动输送水汽到京津冀地区,东亚急流偏南,京津冀地区上升气流受到抑制,不利于降水产生;而初秋时,输送至京津冀地区的水汽增加,东亚急流偏北,京津冀地区上升气流加强,贝加尔湖地区低槽受到东部高压阻挡,经向环流加强,有利于冷空气的活动,同时,西太平洋副高强度增强位置偏北,有利于降水的形成。东亚海陆热力差指数在初秋的增强反映出东亚夏季风在夏末秋初的南撤过程发生延迟,形成了以上有利于初秋降水的环流形势,导致了“夏雨秋下”的现象的出现。 相似文献
18.
In terms of Kuo-Qianp-sigma incorporated coordinate five-level primitive equation spheric band (70°N–30°S) model with the Ural high’s effect introduced
into it as initial and boundary conditions, study is made of the high’s influence on Asian summer monsoon circulation and
dryness/wetness of eastern China based on case contrast and control experiments. Rusults show that as an excitation source,
the blocking high produces a SE–NW stationary wavetrain with its upper-air atnicyclonic divergent circulation (just over a
lower-level trough zone) precisely over the middle to lower reaches of the Changjiang River, enhancing East Asian westerly
jet, a situation that contributes to perturbation growth, causing an additional secondary meridional circulation at the jet
entrance, which intensifies the updraft in the monsoon area. As such, the high’s presence and its excited steady wavetrain
represent the large-scale key factors and acting mechanisms for the rainstorm over the Changjiang-Huaihe River catchment in
the eastern part of the land.
This study is supported by the National Basic Research of Major Key Projects of China. 相似文献
19.
利用500hPa北半球格点资料,参照历史平均东亚大槽位置,定义了东亚冬季风强度指数(I500)。分析发现,近50年东亚冬季风强度有减弱趋势,特别是1987年以来冬季风明显减弱。根据广东48个站1954～2004年前汛期(4～6月)降水资料,用区域旱涝指数W对广东前汛期旱涝等级进行划分。51年内广东有9年前汛期出现大涝(或特涝),11年出现大旱(或特旱),旱涝发生频繁。冬季风异常对广东前汛期降水的影响比较大,强冬季风年后广东前汛期出现大旱的可能性较大,而出现大涝的可能性很小。 相似文献
20.
东亚冬季风综合指数及其表达的东亚冬季风年际变化特征 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
本文通过多变量经验正交函数展开 (multivariate EOF, 简称 MV-EOF) 研究了东亚冬季风各系统成员的协同关系, 再运用单变量EOF定义单个系统的强度系数。从而给出能够反映东亚冬季风各主要特征及其年际变化、同时包含西伯利亚高压、东亚大槽和纬向风经向切变信息的强度指数 (EAWMII)。分析表明, 这个新指数EAWMII能够很好地反映东亚冬季风在20世纪80年代中期的减弱信号, 并且与大气环流场以及东亚冬季表面温度的变化均显著相关, 能够在很大程度上表征东亚冬季风的综合特征。此外, EAWMII与北极涛动 (Arctic Oscillation, 简称AO) 指数、北太平洋涛动 (North Pacific Oscillation, 简称NPO) 指数和Nio3.4指数相关显著。分析还表明AO和NPO影响东亚冬季气候的区域有所不同: AO主要影响欧亚大陆中、高纬、我国东北以及日本北部等地区, NPO则主要影响华南、华东、朝鲜、韩国以及日本中南部及其附近海域。并且, AO很可能可以通过影响NPO进而影响东亚冬季风。 相似文献