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利用厦门城市1980～2000年21年地面资料和探空资料，对能见度和雾演变特征及其物理成因进行分析，结果表明：厦门城市夏季能见度明显好于冬季，这可能与冬夏盛行风向不同，输送排放污染源地不同以及不同季节天气气候条件相关。厦门城市冬季和夏季能见度呈下降趋势，尤以夏季为突出，轻雾以上的频数也日益增加，其重要因素是城市的热岛效应。厦门城市能见度虽然明显好于污染较为严重的北京，但冬季厦门城市能见度与北京呈反位相演变趋势。夏季厦门城市能见度有着明显的日间变化，这与夏季海陆风日变化的垂直环流圈有密切关系。 相似文献
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《广东气象》2018,(6)
利用佛山市南海区、顺德区、三水区3个代表站1980—2016年的能见度观测资料,使用累积百分率、Ridit能见度出现频率等方法,分析了佛山市近37年来大气能见度的特征和变化趋势,探讨了东亚季风指数和污染物对能见度的影响。结果表明:(1)无论是能见度中值、低值还是Ridit值,在改革开放初期能见度变化曲线呈现下降趋势;经济持续发展时期的20世纪90年代初至2000年前后,佛山市能见度变化趋势处于相对平稳波动期; 2000年前后至2012年佛山市能见度变化处于波动式上升; 2012年至2016年即环保效益期佛山市能见度呈现急剧上升趋势。(2)东亚季风的强弱对于南海区和顺德区能见度有较明显的影响,即能影响顺德整体的能见度,但只影响南海低值的状况,中值的状况仍然受到整体城镇化效应的影响。(3)空气污染物年均值变化趋势与能见度年变化趋势大体表现为反相位。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(1)
利用1961—2013年湖北省76个气象站逐日天气现象、相对湿度和能见度等观测资料,重建了湖北省霾日序列,建立大范围持续性霾过程的强度等级评价模型及指数,并分析了湖北省霾日和大范围持续性霾过程的时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2013年湖北省霾日序列重建前和重建后时空分布的年代际变化差异较小,但变化趋势相反。基于霾日的重建序列,近50 a湖北省霾日具有明显的年代际变化特征,2000年后霾日增加趋势尤其明显,冬季为霾易发季节。湖北省大范围持续性霾过程主要出现在20世纪70年代及21世纪初,2013年尤为突出;三峡河谷至鄂西北东部和鄂东中北部地区为持续性霾过程高发地区。经验证,大范围持续性霾过程指数(LSCHI)的评估效果较好。 相似文献
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选用 1 95 1～ 1 996年中国 1 6 0站逐月降水资料 ,太平洋逐月平均网格点海温资料( 1 0°S～ 5 0°N,1 2 0～ 80°E) ,逐月大尺度环流指数资料 ,分析并探讨造成 1 996年南方洪涝的环流特征、气候背景及海温影响机制。结果表明 :大气环流指数与前期太平洋海温场有明显的遥相关关系。冬、春季海温的冷暖变化程度 ,可预示后期 7月各环流系统的趋势变化 ,环流系统指数自身演变存在较明显的年代际变化规律 ,1 996年南方洪涝就是在这种气候背景下形成的。海温冷暖变化影响大气环流系统的这种演变关系 ,对南方洪涝的短期气候预测具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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采用NCEP再分析资料及有关长江中下游的梅雨期降水量进行合成或诊断分析，目的是研究长江梅雨以及相应的大气环流的年代际变化，得出梅雨量的年代际变化和东亚大气环流以及厄尔尼诺现象的年代际变化密切相关的初步结果，具体结论如下：（1）与东亚季风指数相联系的长江中下游地区6-7月降水量及梅雨量在最近15年有持续增长的趋势。与此同时鄂霍茨克海地区的500hPa高度也有持续增长的趋势，并配合有厄尔尼诺频繁出现的趋势。（2）东亚夏季风指数与前年秋季NINO-3区域海温在最近20年有很好的相关，但是20年以前相关不好。意味着厄尔尼诺对东亚夏季环流的影响在加深。（3）近20年的PDO暖位相与东亚大气环流的年代际变化基本同步。 相似文献
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不同年代际背景下AO与冬季中国东北气温的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用1951—2006年北极涛动指数序列、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站气温资料,利用滑动相关分析研究了不同年代际背景下北极涛动与冬季中国东北气温年际异常关系的变化情况。结果表明,两者的关系在20世纪60年代中后期显著增强,在80年代中后期减弱。不同年代际背景下,与AO相关联的中高纬度大气环流异常发生的明显改变是AO与东北冬季气温关系发生年代际变化的原因。强相关年代,西伯利亚高压与阿留申低压均明显减弱,东亚冬季风偏弱,对流层中下层异常东南风控制东北地区,对流层中层东亚大槽明显减弱,环流的经向性减弱,使该地区冬季气温偏高;相关较弱的年代则以上表现不明显。 相似文献
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北极区近30年环流的变化及对中国强冷事件的影响 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
利用1971—2000年NCEP再分析资料和中央气象台提供的我国强冷空气过程统计资料,分析了近30年冬半年北极区及中高纬度地区大气环流形势的气候变化以及对中国强冷事件的影响。结果表明,20世纪70~90年代北极区大气温度发生了明显变化,极涡系统也随之改变。80年代中期前,极涡范围偏大;之后面积减小。从长期趋势来看,70年代中期至90年代中期,极涡强度与面积呈反位相变化;同期,亚洲中高纬地区大气环流也相应调整,总体趋势由低指数向高指数模态转变,环流经向度减小;东亚大槽东迁,槽线90年代比70年代东移了近1个经距,冬季则更为突出,平均东移2.2个经距;西伯利亚冷高压也发生了年代变迁,70年代高压强度弱、控制范围偏小,80年代增强,范围明显扩大,90年代高压中心强度变化不大,但高压主体向南扩展的纬度较80年代偏北1~2个纬距,主体面积减小了5%。研究表明,正是由于极区、近极区环流系统的改变,造成近30年我国强冷空气爆发的事件特性发生了年代际变化。70年代强冷事件最为频繁,以西路冷空气为主,80年代频次明显减少,以偏西北路冷空气为主,但多源自新地岛东部,极端强冷事件降温距平达到最大,单次冷空气势力最强;90年代强冷事件频次又有所增加,但冷空气强度明显减弱。究其原因,主要与气候增暖、积温偏高,易产生降温有关。而上述近30年冷事件频次和强度的变化特征符合极端天气事件与气候变化的关系,因此我国强冷空气爆发事件特性的改变可能也是气候增暖的结果和反映。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献