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微型无人驾驶飞机气象探空系统 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
微型无人驾驶飞机气象探空系统由微型无人驾驶飞机,数字化探空仪和地面接收控制处理系统组成。微型无人驾驶飞机采用ＧＰＳ导航,具有自动导航,、自动驾驶功能,它能在机载自动控制系统控制下完成预定航线的飞行,并实时地浆飞机的飞行轨迹和探测数据传送到地面。 相似文献
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微型无人驾驶飞机航测试验使用微型无人驾驶飞机采集图像,用解析方法绘制地形图.微型无人驾驶飞机采用GPS导航,具有自动导航、自主飞行功能.它能在自动控制系统的控制下完成预定测绘航线的飞行,地面控制人员根据预先计算的摄影点控制机载的相机或数码相机进行拍摄.解析测图仪根据采集的图像以及外业地面控制点解析计算并绘制地形图. 相似文献
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介绍一种利用微型无人驾驶飞机为探测平台,ＧＰＳ接收机为测量装置的解析测风方法。它基于飞机盘旋飞行与大气运动有十分显著的差别,建立运动方程组,用解析的方法求算大气运动。理论分析和与小球及雷达测风的比较都表明,解析测风方法是一种精度较高的测风方法。 相似文献
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高空气象观测是气象业务的基础，是天气预报、气候分析、科学研究和国际交换的气象情报和资料的主要来源。气象探空测风软件是高空气象站探空测风综合探测系统的重要组成部分，它包括了一系列严密的处理方法，同时又融汇了日益发展的计算机处理技术，其规范化、标准化程度直接影响着新一代探空系统效益的发挥。该文介绍了高空气象台站探空测风标准化软件系统的设计思路，重点在软件需求、系统结构、实现技术等方面进行阐述，旨在设计出适合于各种高空探测系统，方便实用的“标准化”探空测风软件，为进一步的软件开发工作奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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微型无人机遥感应用初探 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
介绍中国气象局气象新技术推广项目《自控微型无人驾驶飞机遥感试验》实施过程中开展的无人机遥感监测应用成果，包括武鸣县城土地利用遥感调查、武汉东湖水色遥感监测、桂平市蒙圩镇洪涝遥感监测等，同时分析讨论了自控微型无人驾驶飞机遥感监测的应用前景。 相似文献
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探空观测终止时间早于测风终止时间的技术处理魏玉娟（陇南地区气象局武都７４６０００）在探空观测中，因人为或非人为原因会使其终止时间早于测风终止时间。按规范要求，只将探空终止以后的测风记录，改用雷达单独测风方法整理即可。具体方法是：先用雷达综合测风或斜距... 相似文献
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叶文军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1987,(12)
1985年由新疆气象局业务处研制成功的“PC-1500探空测风联机运行程序系列”通过了国家气象局有关主管部门组织的技术鉴定.在新疆各台站试用发现该系统硬件配置还存在一些不足.为此,我们进行了优化研究.1987年10月优化结果通过由新疆气象局业务处、科教处组织的验收.现将原联机硬件配置存在的问题、解决方法以及探空测风联机运行数据交换的收、发及录取资料带自动转换的实现作一介绍. 相似文献
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在 5 9— 70 1微机数据自动处理系统实时探测中 ,若配合失误 ,出现计算机启动时间比实际放球时间提前的情况 ,为使探空、测风同步 ,应对提前启动的那一部分探空记录按气球下沉后又上升的处理方法进行处理 :球炸后选择“探空记录重新整理” ,按回车后立即按Ｆ5键 ,屏幕显示“下沉记录起始时间” ,此时输入“0 1” ,计算机按气压符号自动判断正确的放球时间 ,并自动删除提前启动的那一部分记录 ,使探空与测风时间保持一致。探空启动时间提前时的处理方法@赵卢霞$郑州市气象局!河南郑州450005
@王丽$郑州市气象局!河南郑州450005… 相似文献
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多种降阻材料搭配在变电站接地网改造中应用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
在北海市三塘110KV变电站接地网系统改造工程实践中，通过不等长接地体技术及多种将阻材料搭配使用，克服了原接地网接地电阻值增大因素，并对变电站接地网改造和施工工艺进行设计。 相似文献
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在北海市三塘110KV变电站接地网系统改造工程实践中,通过不等长接地体技术及多种将阻材料搭配使用,克服了原接地网接地电阻值增大因素,并对变电站接地网改造和施工工艺进行设计。 相似文献
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Hongsuk H. Kim Robert S. Fraser Leslie L. Thompson Om Bahethi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1980,18(3):315-327
The spaceborne ocean color scanners currently being planned for flights on Nimbus-G satellite or space shuttle craft are, in every aspect, only a modest beginning towards what is to be expected of ocean color scanners in the eighties. Improvements are necessary in the following areas: present systems provide a spatial resolution on the order of 1 km at nadir, which would not satisfy most of the coastal zone study requirements. Also the present design of radiomers is less than optimum for the removal of the atmospheric effects on ocean colorimetry.Along with a colorimetric data analysis scheme, the instrumental parameters which need to be optimized in future systems are outlined. One technique for meeting these requirements entails use of large linear array detector technology. 相似文献
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Policymakers must understand public opinion to craft effective policies, particularly in highly polarized areas such as environmental policy. However, the literature investigating the factors that drive public opinion on environmental spending largely ignores the role of exogenous events. This article investigates the role that natural disasters, as a form of exogenous shock, play in shaping public opinion. We construct a dataset using the General Social Survey (GSS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) natural disaster data from 1980 to 2018 and use generalized ordered logistic models to analyze the relationship between disasters and environmental opinions in the US. Our findings reveal that the number of disasters that occur significantly drives public support for environmental spending and that different types of disaster have heterogeneous impacts with wildfires and severe winter weather events being the most impactful. These results shed light on the impact of environmental events on public opinion on the environment, helping both researchers and policymakers make sense of dynamic public opinions. 相似文献
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The role of clouds in photodissociation is examined by both modelling and observations. It is emphasized that the photodissociation rate is proportional to the actinic flux rather than to the irradiance. The actinic flux concerns the energy that is incident on a molecule, irrespective of the direction of incidence. The irradiance concerns the energy that is incident on a plane.As far as the modelling aspect is concerned, a multi-layer delta-Eddington model is used to calculate irradiances, actinic fluxes, and photodissociation rates of nitrogen dioxide J(NO2) as a function of height in inhomogeneous atmospheres. For the considered wavelength interval [290–420 nm], Rayleigh scattering, ozone absorption, and Mie scattering and absorption by cloud drops and aerosols should be taken into account.Further, a three-layer model is used to calculate the actinic flux above and below a cloud, relative to the incident flux, in terms of cloud albedo, zenith angle, and the albedo of the underlying and overlying atmosphere. Cloud albedo is mainly determined by cloud optical thickness. An expression for the incloud actinic flux is given as a function of in-cloud optical thickness. The three-layer model seems to be a useful model for the estimation of photodissociation rates in dispersion models.It is stressed that both models in their present form cannot handle partial cloudiness.It is shown that if no clouds are present, the actinic flux depends primarily on solar zenith angle. Further, the incident flux at the top of the atmosphere diminishes downward into the atmosphere due to the increasing effect of scattering. Therefore, the actinic flux usually increases with height, although above clouds the actinic flux sometimes decreases with height due to a large contribution of the upward scattered light.For cloudy atmospheres, another important parameter with respect to the actinic flux is added: cloud optical thickness. Cloud optical thickness determines cloud albedo. It can be shown that incloud characteristics and cloud height are less important while describing the effect of a cloud on the actinic flux (outside the cloud). The in-cloud values of the actinic flux can exceed the values outside the cloud.Finally, using the photostationary state relationship, a comparison is performed between model results and ground-based measurements as well as in-cloud air craft measurements. 相似文献
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Hemant R. Ojha Sharad Ghimire Adam Pain Andrea Nightingale Dil B. Khatri Hari Dhungana 《Climate Policy》2016,16(4):415-433
As developing countries around the world formulate policies to address climate change, concerns remain as to whether the voices of those most exposed to climate risk are represented in those policies. Developing countries face significant challenges for contextualizing global-scale scientific research into national political dynamics and downscaling global frameworks to sub-national levels, where the most affected are presumed to live. This article critiques the ways in which the politics of representation and climate science are framed and pursued in the process of climate policy development, and contributes to an understanding of the relative effectiveness of globally framed, generic policy mechanisms in vulnerable and politically volatile contexts. Based on this analysis, it also outlines opportunities for the possibility of improving climate policy processes to contest technocratic framing and generic international adaptation solutions.
Policy relevance
Nepal's position as one of the countries most at risk from climate change in the Himalayas has spurred significant international support to craft climate policy responses over the past few years. Focusing on the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and the Climate Change Policy, this article examines the extent to which internationally and scientifically framed climate policy in Nepal recognizes the unfolding political mobilizations around the demand for a representative state and equitable adaptation to climate risks. This is particularly important in Nepal, where political unrest in the post-conflict transition after the end of the civil war in 2006 has focused around struggles over representation for those historically on the political margins. Arguing that vulnerability to climate risk is produced in conjunction with social and political conditions, and that not everyone in the same locality is equally vulnerable, we demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of the politics of representation for climate policy making in Nepal. However, so far, this policy making has primarily been shaped through a technocratic framing that avoids political contestations and downplays the demand for inclusive and deliberative processes. Based on this analysis, we identify the need for a flexible, contextually grounded, and multi-scalar approach to political representation while also emphasizing the need for downscaling climate science that can inform policy development and implementation to achieve fair and effective adaptation to climate change. 相似文献
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利用加密降雪观测资料、地面常规观测、FY-2E卫星观测及ERA5再分析资料对华北地区两次融化比存在显著差异的降雪过程其降雪特征、云内垂直热动力结构、降水粒子垂直分布、地面气温和地表温度等进行了对比分析,揭示了热动力垂直结构和水汽条件对降雪过程的雪密度影响。结果表明:融化比较大降雪过程(简称“0103”过程)整层温度偏低,位于对流层低层的-18~-12℃温度层较为深厚,与最大上升运动中心、水汽饱和区相重合,有利于树枝状雪花的形成进而产生较大融化比,其云中粒子以冰相粒子为主;融化比较小降雪过程(简称“1129”过程)整层温度偏高,前述温度层位于对流层高层,较为浅薄,且位于最大上升运动中心下方,其云层下部存在较多过冷水滴,有利于凇附作用进而产生较小融化比;“0103”过程短波槽较浅,导致最大动力抬升层次低,-18~-12℃温度层位于暖锋锋区附近,锋前暖平流有利于深厚温度层的建立和维持,水汽主要来自低层偏东气流输送,导致其水汽含量偏小;“1129”过程主要由高空槽前暖湿气团沿冷锋锋面爬升所引起,动力抬升位于中高层,-18~-12℃温度层位于冷锋锋区上部,温度直减率大,导致-18~-12℃温度层较为浅薄,中层西南风水汽输送提供了有利水汽条件。 相似文献
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The adaptive wavelet collocation method(AWCM)is a variable grid technology for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)with high singularities.Based on interpolating wavelets,the AWCM adapts the grid so that a higher resolution is automatically attributed to domain regions with high singularities. Accuracy problems with the AWCM have been reported in the literature,and in this paper problems of effciency with the AWCM are discussed in detail through a simple one-dimensional(1D)nonlinear advection equation whose analytic solution is easily obtained.A simple and effcient implementation of the AWCM is investigated.Through studying the maximum errors at the moment of frontogenesis of the 1D nonlinear advection equation with different initial values and a comparison with the finite difference method(FDM) on a uniform grid,the AWCM shows good potential for modeling the front effciently.The AWCM is also applied to a two-dimensional(2D)unbalanced frontogenesis model in its first attempt at numerical simulation of a meteorological front.Some important characteristics about the model are revealed by the new scheme. 相似文献
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地形对涡旋自组织影响的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
用一个带有地形项的f平面准地转正压涡度方程，实施5组积分时间长度为72h的试验，研究了中尺度地形对涡旋自组织的影响。结果指出：无地形时，准终态涡是一个带有螺旋带的类似台风的涡旋；有地形时，准终态涡是一个无螺旋带但有两个低涡量区的准圆形涡旋。有无地形两个准终态涡中心的位置可以相距100km以上。 相似文献