共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
《干旱气象》2017,(1)
利用MERRA再分析资料,选取2007年江淮梅雨作为研究个例,通过对上对流层、下平流层(UTLS)区域3种化学示踪物(臭氧、一氧化碳和水汽)及位涡的水平与垂直分布变化的分析,探讨梅雨发生前后梅雨区上空的平流层—对流层物质交换(STE)特征。研究表明,梅雨期存在由对流层顶折卷造成的跨越对流层顶向下的物质传输和对流活动引起的物质向上传输。入梅前,主要是由对流层顶折卷造成的物质向下传输(至少能达到300 h Pa),这一过程导致对流层中上层存在高浓度臭氧及一个干层;随后,伴随梅雨的发生,对流活动频繁出现,对流层顶开始抬升,在入梅第二天已经恢复到对流层顶折卷过程发生之前的高度,对流层内的高浓度臭氧和干层也随对流层顶折卷的东移而移出梅雨区。还通过分析梅雨区臭氧和整个亚洲夏季风区臭氧的相对变化量发现,整个梅雨期的STE为物质的向下传输,在UTLS区,梅雨区对亚洲夏季风区的STE贡献为跨越对流层顶向下传输。 相似文献
2.
利用国产GPSO3臭氧探空系统观测的大气臭氧探空资料和NCEP再分析资料,结合对天气形势、大气环流背景、高空位涡变化及对流层顶高度扰动的分析,深入研究了2008年冬季北京地区10~14 km高度范围内持续出现的臭氧次峰值及大气臭氧含量异常现象。结果表明:在2008年我国南方雪灾这一特殊时期,引起臭氧垂直分布持续出现次峰值现象及臭氧含量异常的主要原因是平流层空气强烈下沉运动及其与对流层的交换作用,而引起这种下沉运动及平流层-对流层交换则是由于该阶段特殊的天气背景,乌拉尔阻塞高压长时间维持,贝加尔湖到巴尔喀什湖一带横槽稳定存在,里海以东切断低压长期维持,造成冷空气长时间、稳定地南下影响北京上空臭氧的垂直分布。加之副热带急流的出现,北京正处于其入口区左侧,其上空有强烈的辐合下沉运动,有利于平流层空气向下输送。此次臭氧次峰值及臭氧含量异常的现象很好地说明,在冷空气天气过程的影响下,北京地区上空的平流层空气运动及其与对流层的交换十分活跃。 相似文献
3.
首先利用臭氧探空资料验证了Aura-MLS卫星反演臭氧产品在青藏高原地区的可信度, 然后基于2005年和2006年夏季的数据产品确定了亚洲季风区夏季对流层向平流层的输送通道。结果表明, 青藏高原及其周边区域上对流层－下平流层（UT/LS）中, 一氧化碳(CO)和臭氧（O3）浓度散点分布大体上呈现出典型的“L”型分布, 夏季季节内变化反相关特征表现最明显的高度位于150 hPa附近。从时间变化上看, 7月份相关系数最大, 说明该月份对流层－平流层物质交换最为强烈。100 hPa高度位于对流层顶高度以上, 具有对流层特性的大气主要分布在青藏高原东南侧、 孟加拉湾、 印度半岛、 阿拉伯海以及阿拉伯半岛等区域上空, 说明该区域可能是亚洲季风区夏季对流层向平流层物质输送的一个主要通道。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原地区上对流层—下平流层区域水汽分布和变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2005-2008年青藏高原(下称高原)地区微波临边探测器MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)、高光谱分辨率大气红外探测仪AIRS(Atmosphere Infrared Sounder)、ECMWF的ERA-Interim资料,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和NOAA HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)轨迹模式资料,讨论了高原上空对流层顶附近的水汽分布和变化特征及高原上空平流层与对流层之间的物质交换。结果表明,3-4月高原南侧对流层顶附近100 hPa存在一个水汽低值带,而7-8月和9-10月此处存在一个明显的水汽高值区。3-4月夏季风未发展之前,受高原大地形抬升和西风气流的影响,高原以南地区存在对流层与平流层的物质交换,而215 hPa的高原中部地区(80°E-90°E)则由于空气的下沉运动将上层的干空气向下输送而出现一个水汽低值中心。7-8月,受印度夏季风和高原上空反气旋式环流的影响,高原上空有明显的水汽穿过对流层顶向平流层输送,反气旋环流中心的水汽经过2~4天的上升过程可以从对流层进入平流层。高原及其以东、以西地区的水汽在对流层顶附近的季节变化基本一致,100 hPa三个不同区域的水汽在3月达到最低。 相似文献
5.
人为强迫和自然强迫对近年来对流层顶高度变化的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨双艳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(5):58-60
观测表明,自1979年以来对流层顶（平流层与对流层之间的界限）高度增加了数百米。在气候模式实验中,等量的增加也是显而易见的。气候模式实验表明,人为因素导致臭氧和均匀混合温室气体的变化,对1979-1999年对流层顶高度增加的影响占所有因素的80％。臭氧对平流层的冷却作用和均匀混合的温室气体对对流层的加热作用,使对流层顶高度增加。 相似文献
6.
利用中尺度大气化学模式WRF/Chem对2013年3月6日华南地区一次平流层入侵事件及其对对流层低层臭氧的影响进行模拟研究。通过加入UBC（Upper Boundary Condition）上边界处理方案,弥补WRF/Chem模式未考虑平流层臭氧化学反应的不足。结合臭氧探空廓线资料、地面O3、CO、NOx、相对湿度、温度和风速等观测资料以及再分析资料对模拟结果进行定量评估,结果表明模式能较为真实地模拟本次平流层入侵过程。模拟分析进一步揭示:（1）副热带高空急流是本次平流层入侵的主要原因。当华南地区处在副热带急流入口区左侧下沉区域时,平流层入侵将富含臭氧的干燥空气输送到对流层中低层。（2）本次平流层入侵对对流层低层臭氧收支有重要影响,导致香港地区近地层臭氧体积混合比浓度明显上升,如塔门站夜间臭氧浓度升高21.3 ppb（1 ppb=1×10-9）。地面气象场和化学物种的分析进一步确认了平流层入侵的贡献。（3）采用动力学对流层顶高度时零维箱式模型和Wei公式计算得到的平流层入侵通量相当,分别为-1.42×10-3 kg m-2 s-1和-1.59×10-3 kg m-2 s-1,这一结果与前人研究相吻合,且与采用热力学对流层顶高度计算所得到的结果具有可比性。 相似文献
7.
东亚地区一次切断低压引起的平流层、对流层交换数值模拟研究 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
用中尺度模式(MM5)模拟研究东亚地区(网格中心45°N,120°E)一次强切断低压过程(2000年4月8日～12日)引起的平流层、对流层交换.用Wei公式计算此次过程由平流层到对流层的净交换量为5.0×1014 kg,平均交换通量为-0.72×10-3 kg m-2 s-1.地面锋与高空锋的相互作用,在急流入口处和高空锋区出现对流层顶折叠,并引起平流层、对流层物质交换,其中空气的水平运动起主要作用.利用历史天气图统计东亚地区(20～70°N,80～180°E)切断低压的年平均个数为60,占北半球极区类型切断低压的52%.由此,推断东亚地区的平流层、对流层交换对整个北半球的平流层、对流层交换贡献很大. 相似文献
8.
1979—2011年热带对流层顶高度线性趋势变化的因子贡献及其年际变率成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料分析了近30年(1979—2011年)热带(0~360 °E,20 °S~20 °N)对流层顶高度变化,结果显示其高度有明显的线性上升趋势,近30年气压下降了3.5 hPa。其中对流、臭氧和对流层温度的贡献分别为13.3%、27.26%和57.31%。在去除线性趋势后,热带对流层顶气压表现出了显著的年际变率,主要周期峰值为18.2、28.6和40个月。其中臭氧和热带对流层温度都对18.2个月的周期有贡献,而臭氧和热带对流层温度18.2个月的周期很可能是由北半球的季风环流引起的;28.6个月的周期主要源于臭氧总量的准两年周期变化,而后者是由热带平流层低层纬向风场的准两年振荡引起的;热带对流层顶气压40个月的周期似乎源于ENSO循环引起的对流层温度变化。 相似文献
9.
2001年春季临安地区对流层臭氧异常增加的一次过程分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2001年春季在临安(30.30°N,119.75°E)进行的臭氧垂直探测发现,从3月25到31日有一次明显的臭氧异常增加过程,其中尤以29日和30日对流层上层的臭氧异常增加最具代表性.结合分析地面及高空气象要素演变和高空位势涡度的变化表明,这是一次显著的平流层空气由上向下穿过对流层顶深入对流层的下传过程,此平流层对流层交换过程与冷空气南下的天气过程和副热带急流、极锋急流移动造成的辐合下沉运动有着密切的联系. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原东北侧臭氧垂直分布与平流层-对流层物质交换 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用臭氧和温度探空廓线,结合NCEP/NCAR资料、TOMS臭氧总量卫星观测资料和NOAAHYSPLIT后向轨迹模式资料,通过个例分析探讨了影响青藏高原(下称高原)附近臭氧垂直分布的因子和过程。结果表明,动力过程是影响高原上空臭氧垂直分布的主要因子,特别是中高纬度高臭氧浓度的空气向南入侵会导致高原上空臭氧浓度的升高,影响高原上空臭氧低谷的范围大小和形态;尽管大气化学过程对高原上空的平流层下层臭氧垂直分布的影响并不显著,但是高原上空的平流层臭氧变化与温度变化具有较好的一致性。同时还发现,对流层上层的强反气旋系统,特别是中高纬度阻塞高压的边缘有明显的平流层空气向对流层入侵,从而导致对流层内臭氧浓度的增加。 相似文献
11.
Cross-Tropopause Mass Exchange Associated with a Tropopause Fold Event over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A springtime tropopause fold event, found to be related to a cold trough intrusion from the north, was detected in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on various observations. A nested high-resolution mesoscale model was employed to investigate the effect of orography on the stratosphere-troposphere exchange. The model was found to be able to capture plausible tropopause fold properties. The propagation of the tropopause fold changed significantly when the terrain height in the model was altered. Ho... 相似文献
12.
A. R. Ivanova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(3):170-185
A review of the papers dealing with various aspects of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is presented. The development of STE concepts is described and quantitative estimates of STE obtained by different authors are given. Typical time scales and geographic features of STE are described. Special attention is given to the specific features of STE at extratropical latitudes where active vertical air transport is observed in both directions. The air ascent through the tropopause occurs there in the zones of warm conveyor belts, and the air descent takes place in the zones of stratospheric intrusions. Exchange processes in the key region including the upper troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere are described. The mechanisms of large-scale stratospheric intrusions in the systems of tropopause folds or cut-off lows are presented as well as the mechanisms of the mixing of the stratospheric air with the tropospheric one. Specific features of deep stratospheric intrusions are discussed which are based on the analysis of such indicators of stratospheric air as high concentrations of ozone and stratospheric radionuclide 7Be. Some aspects of stratosphere-troposphere energy exchange are considered. 相似文献
13.
The impact of cut-off lows on ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Changchun from ozonesonde observations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In situ measurements of the vertical structure of ozone were made in Changchun(43.53?N, 125.13?E), China, by the Institute of Atmosphere Physics, in the summers of 2010–13. Analysis of the 89 validated ozone profiles shows the variation of ozone concentration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS) caused by cut-off lows(COLs) over Changchun. During the COL events, an increase of the ozone concentration and a lower height of the tropopause are observed.Backward simulations with a trajectory model show that the ozone-rich airmass brought by the COL is from Siberia. A case study proves that stratosphere–troposphere exchange(STE) occurs in the COL. The ozone-rich air mass transported from the stratosphere to the troposphere first becomes unstable, then loses its high ozone concentration. This process usually happens during the decay stage of COLs. In order to understand the influence of COLs on the ozone in the UTLS, statistical analysis of the ozone profiles within COLs, and other profiles, are employed. The results indicate that the ozone concentrations of the in-COL profiles are significantly higher than those of the other profiles between ±4 km around the tropopause. The COLs induce an increase in UTLS column ozone by 32% on average. Meanwhile, the COLs depress the lapse-rate tropopause(LRT)/dynamical tropopause height by 1.4/1.7 km and cause the atmosphere above the tropopause to be less stable. The influence of COLs is durable because the increased ozone concentration lasts at least one day after the COL has passed over Changchun. Furthermore, the relative coefficient between LRT height and lower stratosphere(LS) column ozone is-0.62,which implies a positive correlation between COL strength and LS ozone concentration. 相似文献
14.
Samuel J. Oltmans Wolfgang E. Raatz Walter D. Komhyr 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):245-253
A series of nearly daily ozone vertical profiles obtained at station T-3 on Fletcher's Ice Island (85°N, 90°W) during the period January-March 1971 shows several significant ozone intrusions into the troposphere. These intrusions are not only associated with enhanced ozone amounts in the stratosphere but also require tropopause folding events to transport ozone into the troposphere. These folds in the Arctic tropopause appear to be capable of contributing significantly to the ozone budget of the Arctic troposphere during the late winter and spring seasons. The importance of tropopause folding for bringing ozone into the troposphere seen in the daily ozone profiles confirms the results found in the Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program aircraft flights. 相似文献
15.
对流层顶折叠检测新方法及其在中纬度
灾害性天气预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对流层顶折叠是中纬度地区对流层上层—平流层下层区域(简称UT/LS)内的一个重要的大气现象,它与气旋生、暴雨强对流触发以及降水增幅密切相关。由于这些天气条件下的大气状况异常复杂,因此目前国际上普遍采用的基于干大气条件的对流层顶折叠检测方法存在很大局限性。本文在借鉴已有的卫星资料和数值预报相结合的模式识别法的基础上,通过统计分析的方法建立了高层大气水汽与广义湿位涡、臭氧浓度的关系以及对流层顶折叠与高空急流的位置关系,同时考虑了动力对流层顶高度在判识过程中的辅助作用,建立了一套基于FY-2E静止气象卫星遥感数据的,适用于与暴雨强对流有关的对流层顶折叠动态监测新方法。在利用FY-3A和FY-3B反演的臭氧总量、臭氧垂直廓线以及ECMWF Interim资料计算的位涡等资料对算法进行精度验证的基础上,将该方法在2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨天气过程以及2013年5月14~17日华南大暴雨天气过程的监测和分析上进行了应用,并取得了较好的效果。从应用效果看,本文提出的这种对流层顶折叠识别方法是合理可行的,并具有一定的应用价值,可为中纬度地区暴雨强对流天气的监测和预警提供参考指标。 相似文献
16.
Observation of a summer tropopause fold by ozonesonde at Changchun,China: Comparison with reanalysis and model simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tropopause folds are one of the key mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) in extratropical regions, transporting ozone-rich stratospheric air into the middle and lower troposphere. Although there have been many studies of tropopause folds that have occurred over Europe and North America, a very limited amount of work has been carried out over northeastern Asia. Ozonesondes produced by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics were launched in Changchun (43.9°N, 125.2°E), Northeast China, in June 2013, and observed an ozone-enriched layer with thickness of 3 km and an ozone peak of 180 ppbv at 6 km in the troposphere. The circulation field from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) dataset shows that this ozone peak was caused by a tropopause fold associated with a jet stream at the eastern flank of the East Asian trough. By analyzing the ozone data from the ozone monitoring instrument and Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations, it was found that a high ozone concentration tongue originating from the lower stratosphere at high latitude (near central Siberia) intruded into the middle troposphere over Changchun between 5 and 8 km on 12 June 2013. The high-resolution WRF-Chem simulation was capable of describing events such as the tropopause fold that occurred on the cyclonic shear side of the jet stream. In addition, the TRAJ3D trajectory model was used to trace the origin of measured secondary ozone peaks in the middle troposphere back, for example, to stratospheric intrusion through the tropopause fold. 相似文献
17.
In this paper we present first-time measurements of ozone profiles from a high altitude station in Quito, Ecuador (0.19°S, 78.4°W, and 2391 masl) taken from June 2014 to September 2015. We interpret ozone observations in the troposphere, tropopause, and stratosphere through a zonal comparison with data from stations in the Atlantic and Pacific (Natal and San Cristobal from the SHADOZ network). Tropospheric ozone concentrations above the Andes are lower than ozone over San Cristobal and Natal for similar time periods. Ozone variability and pollution layers are also reduced in the troposphere above the Andes. We explain these differences in terms of reduced contributions from the boundary layer and from horizontal transport. In the tropical tropopause layer, ozone is well-mixed up to near the cold point tropopause level. In this regard, our profiles do not show constraints to deep mixing above 14 km, as has been consistently observed at other tropical stations. Total column ozone and stratospheric column ozone are comparable among the three sites. However, the contribution of tropospheric column ozone to total column ozone is significantly lower above the Andes. Our comparisons provide a connection between observations from tropical stations in equatorial South America separated by the wide continental mass. Identified differences in ozone throughout the atmospheric column demonstrate the global benefit of having an ozone sounding station at the equatorial Andes in support of global monitoring networks. 相似文献
18.
WENSHOU TIAN MARTYN CHIPPERFIELD QIAN HUANG 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2008,60(4):622-635
The relatively low total column ozone (TCO) above the Tibetan Plateau (TP) observed in summer is only partly due to the thinness of the atmospheric column. In this paper the effect of the TP on the TCO is further investigated using satellite data [Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) ozone column and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) ozone profiles], ECMWF ERA-40 reanalysis data and a 3-D chemistry-climate model (CCM). It is found that the low TCO over the TP is also closely related to large-scale uplift and descent of isentropic surfaces implied by seasonal and longitudinal variations in the tropopause height. The variations in tropopause height, with a maximum in summer, can be driven by various processes including convective activity, air expansion as well as the monsoon system. While previous studies have showed an important role of troposphere-to-stratosphere transport in contributing to the observed low ozone column over the TP, the mechanism revealed in this study is an alternative amendment to the causes of the TCO low over the TP. It is also found that the monsoon anticyclone circulation induces an isentropic transport of trace gases from high latitudes towards the TP in the lower stratosphere and hence modifies tracer distributions. For the vertical distribution of ozone, the modulation by the TP is most significant below ∼20 km, that is, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The smaller differences in NO x between Eastern TP and TP compared to large dynamically caused differences in ozone and methane imply the TCO low over the TP is mainly due to transport processes rather than chemistry. 相似文献
19.
穿透性对流是导致北半球夏季平流层低层南亚高压内水汽极值形成的重要机制之一,关于副热带东亚季风区穿透性对流是否对平流层低层水汽等物质分布存在影响目前尚不清楚。本文选取2016年的武汉暴雨事件,采用Cloudsat和Aura Microwave Limb Sounder（MLS）卫星数据,分析了东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对上对流层/下平流层物质分布的影响。利用CloudSat卫星资料云分类产品和Aura MLS卫星数据联合分析武汉暴雨过程中捕捉到1次穿透性对流事件,该事件发生于2016年7月4日05时（协调世界时）的穿透性对流,中心位于海上梅雨带区域。分析表明,这次对流穿透事件对上对流层/下平流层物质分布有显著影响,穿透性对流活动影响到对流层顶以上的物质分布,具体表现是:首先,穿透性对流显著减少了局地对流层顶附近的臭氧含量,较之气候态对流层顶臭氧含量偏少32.53%;其次,穿透性对流能够增加局地对流层顶附近的水汽混合比含量,它通过更多的云冰粒子蒸发来增强局地平流层水汽含量,同时通过更强的垂直水汽输送来直接加湿平流层。此次穿透性对流事件对水汽变化影响较之对臭氧含量变化的影响更为显著,它使得对流层顶水汽混合比增加近乎一倍（98.15%）。因此,副热带东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对于对流层向平流层的物质输送起着重要的作用。 相似文献