共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
本文利用机载云粒子探测设备对2014年11月6日至12月25日期间在江西地区探测获得的7次暖云飞行个例资料,详细分析降水云和非降水云的微物理结构特征。云雨自动转化阈值函数（T）是描述云内碰并强度的重要微物理参量。我们发现T值在云内分布呈现云底较小,随着云内高度的增加T值逐渐增大,并且在云中部和上部达到最大值;研究还发现降水云的T值在0.6以上的频率远大于非降水云,表明降水云中的碰并过程更强,云滴更易通过凝结和碰并过程形成雨滴,符合暖云降水机制。降水云中云滴谱相对离散度（ε）和云滴数浓度（Nc）的负相关程度较非降水云更为显著,随着T的增大,二者的负相关程度增强;相比于云滴平均半径（ra）的变化,云滴谱标准差（σ）的变化主导ε–Nc负相关程度的增强。 相似文献
2.
基于一维分档MISTRA边界层云模式,模拟研究了内部混有不可溶核的硫酸铵气溶胶对边界层暖云微物理特征的影响。结果表明：边界层内湍流动能通量是影响暖云发展的重要因素。云中液态水含量、过饱和度以及云滴谱离散度均随云中的高度增加而增大。云滴谱标准差是影响云滴谱离散度变化的主要因子。在暖云发展阶段,不可溶性核会增加云中过饱和度,进而导致云滴谱分别向大尺度和小尺度端拓宽,云滴谱标准差增大,云滴谱离散度随时间增加而增大的程度增强;在暖云减弱阶段,不可溶核会造成云中大尺度端云滴数浓度减少,云滴谱变窄,标准差变小,云滴谱离散度逐渐减小的特征减弱。 相似文献
3.
在UWyo单组分气溶胶的绝热气块分档云模式基础上,发展了多种化学组分气溶胶的绝热气块分档云模式。利用2006年春季华北地区地面气溶胶分级采样的离子成分分析数据和同时段高空气溶胶、云微物理飞机观测资料,研究了气溶胶混合状态对暖云微物理特征的影响。模拟结果表明,华北地区气溶胶内部混合比外部混合有利于增加云凝结核数浓度、降低气块水汽最大饱和比、增加云滴数浓度。气溶胶的混合状态不同,形成的云滴谱的特征差异较大,主要体现在云滴谱的平均尺度和峰值的突出程度;云滴谱相对离散度在0.3附近变化,且随着云滴数浓度的增加,云滴谱相对离散度呈现减小的趋势。气溶胶混合状态能够影响暖云微物理特征,从而影响大气辐射和降水过程,在天气和气候变化的研究中应予以关注。 相似文献
4.
观测和分档方案的数值模拟都证明气溶胶的谱分布特征对云滴谱的演变有直接影响继而作用于降水的发展。目前广泛使用的总体双参数云滴谱方案因为表征云滴谱的预报量不足,在凝结过程中云滴谱呈不正常的拓宽现象。因此在参数化方案中,气溶胶谱对云滴谱的影响未有明确结论。中科学院大气物理研究所(IAP)云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室(LACS)新研发的三参数方案(IAP-LACS)通过增加的预报量克服了云滴谱的拓宽问题,提高了云滴谱模拟的准确性。为了研究在参数化方案中气溶胶谱分布特征对云滴谱的影响,本文采用新方案进行WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting mode)大涡理想性试验,验证了新方案中气溶胶对数正态谱函数中数浓度、几何半径和标准差3个参量对云滴谱演变的影响。针对3个参量的敏感性试验表明新的气溶胶活化方案和三参数云滴凝结增长方案能够描述气溶胶谱对云滴谱演变的影响规律:气溶胶数浓度对云滴谱影响最显著,数浓度越高活化生成的云滴数量越多,云滴半径越小,云滴谱趋向窄谱,气溶胶数浓度低时,云滴数量少、半径大。较大的几何半径使气溶胶谱向大粒径移动,导致大云滴生成,标准差对云滴谱的影响最不显著。 相似文献
5.
黄山地区春夏季气溶胶离子组分及其对云微物理特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2009年5-8月在华东地区高山——黄山顶取得的气溶胶和云微物理参数观测资料以及同期气溶胶离子成分数据,结合多种化学组分气溶胶绝热气块分档云模式,研究了黄山地区多化学组分气溶胶对云凝结核和云微物理特征的影响.气团轨迹和气溶胶离子成分的分析结果表明,3种气团影响着黄山地区气溶胶的化学组分,即北方大陆气团气溶胶富含CaCO3,局地污染气团气溶胶以可水溶性无机盐((NH4)2SO4、NH4 NO3)为主,而变性混合海洋性气团气溶胶中NaCl较多.数值模拟结果显示,在气溶胶谱一定时,不同天气形势下黄山气溶胶的化学组分的差异会对云微物理特征产生不同的影响.同一上升速度下实际多组分气溶胶模拟的云滴数浓度大于纯硫酸铵,主要体现在云滴谱第1个峰值3.3 μm之前;气块上升速度低于0.7 m/s时,含有较多不可水溶物质的混合气溶胶对云滴数浓度的影响较大;上升速度大于0.7 m/s时,气块中可凝结水增多,海盐对云滴数浓度增加的效果更显著.多组分气溶胶模拟云滴谱较纯硫酸铵窄,其中,北方气团方案造成云滴谱变窄的程度高于混合气团方案;而模拟的云滴数目增多,造成云滴有效半径减小,云光学厚度和反照率增加,将会对暖云降水及辐射效应产生不同的影响. 相似文献
6.
研究目的:介绍暖云降水之谜,总结湍流起伏和夹卷对云滴谱拓宽和暖雨形成过程的影响,包括观测、实验、模拟和理论方面取得的成果。重点阐述我国上世纪五六十年代在湍流起伏方面的突出成绩。重要结论:过饱和度、云滴数浓度、含水量和垂直速度等的起伏对凝结和碰并过程有显著影响。中国和俄罗斯科学家最早把随机凝结过程引入到云物理研究中。夹卷过程可能是暖云降水之谜的一个解。系统理论表明:湍流强度越大,云滴谱越宽。 相似文献
7.
利用多普勒雷达资料、FY-2E静止卫星和MODIS极轨卫星反演产品,研究2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨的云降水结构及云雨转化特征。结果表明:降水过程三阶段的云降水垂直结构不同。1)在暖区对流降水阶段,降水以暖雨机制启动,雨滴在暖区存在深厚的碰并增长过程,暖雨过程对降水起主要贡献。随着云体的发展,冷雨过程加剧。T-Re分析表明,-10℃层以下云滴凝结碰并显著,-10℃层以上为深厚的冰相增长带,云顶以冰相大粒子为主,云水向雨水转化迅速。2)在锋面对流降水阶段,降水系统为高度组织化的"低质心"强降水液态MCC(Mesoscale Convective Complex)系统。回波强度在冰水混合层增长较快,冻结层是此阶段成雨微物理的关键层。降水粒子在暖云区碰并增长较快,而蒸发或破碎过程并不显著。3)在锋后降水阶段,0℃层附近冰晶粒子与云水的碰并增长较为明显。前期降水存在明显的雨滴蒸发过程。随着云体的发展,暖区云水含量较少,降水粒子不能有效碰并增长。 相似文献
8.
广西秋季层状云微物理特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2012年11—12月在广西进行的11架次飞机云物理探测资料对层状云宏微观物理结构特征进行研究,探讨层状云降水机制。结果表明:广西层状云微物理特征与我国其他地区的存在显著差异。层状云典型的微物理垂直结构为在云下层是由凝结作用生成云滴,随上升气流发展,云滴数浓度、平均直径和液态水含量随高度逐步增加,云滴谱拓宽,谱型向大尺度的方向扩展,至云中上层增大至最大值后随高度减小。冷暖混合云结构的高层云冷云部分的冰相粒子落入暖层后对其微物理结构产生影响,主要是使云滴谱展宽,CIP云滴平均直径垂直分布变幅增大,有利于暖层中碰并过程的启动和发展。层积云微物理水平分布呈现不连续跳跃式变化特征,存在对流泡结构,对流泡内各微物理量高于泡外,云滴谱型向大尺度移动,对流泡结构是层积云形成降水的重要机制。 相似文献
9.
文章利用机载云粒子探测设备对2020年9月13日在内蒙古地区探测获得的一次云飞行个例资料,通过分析云内微物理结构特征发现飞机在爬升阶段和下降阶段云滴数浓度(Nc)和液水含量(LWC)存在明显的起伏,说明云系在垂直方向不均匀,同时发现云内的Nc与LWC的变化趋势较为一致,云滴有效半径(ED)最大值出现在4000～5000 m高度附近,显示在该高度区间为云滴尺度增长的主要部位;分析云滴谱发现,小粒子段谱线高于大粒子段,是由于云内主要为凝结增长过程,小云滴的增长速度远快于大云滴;同时由于云内上升气流作用,在3500 m以上存在LWC和ED随高度逐渐增大的趋势且存在峰值,因此云滴谱显示高层尺度较大的云滴多于低层;并且通过对云滴谱离散度(ε)的计算,讨论ε与Nc的关系发现,在Nc较高时ε出现整体收敛,并且随着LWC的增大,ε与Nc的负相关关系逐渐明显。 相似文献
10.
2005年北京消云试验微物理检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用机载PMS(Particle Measurement System)粒子探测系统获得的云微观特征和宏观观测分析了2005年北京消云试验的效果。比较2005年9月12日上午消云作业前后云滴数浓度、粒子有效直径和云滴谱分布的变化发现,在暖云中播撒吸湿性高浓度粒子群能够产生一定的消云效果。作业后云微物理结构的垂直分布发生较大变化,云滴数浓度和粒子有效直径均变小,并且在作业高度下方出现一个干层;吸湿性物质促使云滴发生碰并过程,使得大云滴消失小云滴变少;作业半小时后垂直方向影响范围小于900m。此外,在9月13日下午的消云试验中观测到消云作业产生的一条明显云沟。 相似文献
11.
Examination of Microphysical Relationships and Corresponding Microphysical Processes in Warm Fogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LU Chunsong LIU Yangang NIU Shengjie ZHAO Lijuan YU Huaying CHENG Muning 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(6):832-848
In this paper, the microphysical relationships of 8 dense fog events collected from a comprehensive fog observation campaign carried out at Pancheng（32.2 N, 118.7 E） in the Nanjing area, China in the winter of 2007 are investigated. Positive correlations are found among key microphysical properties（cloud droplet number concentration, droplet size, spectral standard deviation, and liquid water content） in each case, suggesting that the dominant processes in these fog events are likely droplet nucleation with subsequent condensational growth and/or droplet deactivation via complete evaporation of some droplets. The abrupt broadening of the fog droplet spectra indicates the occurrence of the collision-coalescence processes as well, although not dominating. The combined efects of the dominant processes and collision-coalescence on microphysical relationships are further analyzed by dividing the dataset according to visibility or autoconversion threshold in each case. The result shows that the specific relationships of number concentration to volume-mean radius and spectral standard deviation depend on the competition between the compensation of small droplets due to nucleation-condensation and the loss of small droplets due to collision-coalescence. Generally, positive correlations are found for diferent visibility or autoconversion threshold ranges in most cases, although negative correlations sometimes appear with lower visibility or larger autoconversion threshold. Therefore, the compensation of small droplets is generally stronger than the loss, which is likely related to the sufcient fog condensation nuclei in this polluted area. 相似文献
12.
利用2020年7月30日山西省人工增雨防雷技术中心在山西省忻州地区开展的大陆性浓积云飞机探测资料，分析了积云微物理参量、云滴谱离散度随时间和高度的变化以及云滴谱离散度的影响因子。结果表明，该大陆性浓积云云滴谱离散度随高度的增加先递增后递减，但变化范围较小。云滴谱离散度随数浓度、含水量增大而逐渐收敛，呈弱正相关关系；离散度与体积平均半径的相关性随体积平均半径的增大由正转负，与垂直速度呈现正相关关系。云中碰并过程对云滴谱离散度及其影响因子影响较大，建议未来云滴谱离散度的参数化增加对碰并过程的考虑。 相似文献
13.
The evolution of cloud droplet size spectra is calculated using an adiabatic condensational growth model. Broadness (e.g., standard deviation of diameter) of cloud droplet spectra in adiabatic cloud parcels was determined to be critically dependent on cloud supersaturation. Although droplet spectra become narrower as growth continues, the rate of narrowing is slower when cloud supersaturation is lower. This actually leads to broader droplet spectra for more continental clouds or for weaker updrafts because both of these conditions are associated with lower cloud supersaturations. More continental type clouds, which have higher concentrations of smaller droplets, were indeed found to have larger dispersions (standard deviation of diameter/mean diameter of cloud droplets). Some of these results were consistent with observations, but the larger dispersions that were much more commonly observed for continental compared to maritime clouds were due almost exclusively to smaller droplets rather than broader droplet distributions. Contrary to the model calculations, typical observations show that cleaner clouds usually have broader droplet spectra. The gaps in magnitude between theory and observations of broadness are significant in all clouds. When cloud parcels that had ascended under different updraft conditions were compared at a constant cloud altitude, parcels with lower updrafts were predicted to have broader droplet spectra with larger mean diameters. This trend of apparent spectral broadening was consistent with observations for some near-adiabatic cloud parcels. 相似文献
14.
云滴谱宽度对模式中云的光学厚度的参数化、气溶胶间接效应的评估以及降水形成过程的研究至关重要。本文利用美国POST（Physics of Stratocumulus Top）项目2008年7月19日的飞机观测资料，分析了微物理量和云滴谱的垂直分布及微物理过程。结果表明，该云系云滴谱宽度在云底附近较大，这是由低层核化过程导致的；中层凝结增长过程使得云滴谱宽度随高度增加逐渐减小；云顶附近夹卷混合过程导致云滴谱宽度增大。绝热云中垂直速度的增大会促进云凝结核的活化使云滴数浓度增大，促进凝结增长使云滴尺度增大、云滴谱宽度减小，云滴谱宽度与云滴数浓度、云滴尺度呈现负相关关系；云洞中受夹卷混合过程影响，垂直速度减小，云滴蒸发，云滴数浓度和云滴尺度减小、云滴谱宽度增大，且该效应随绝热程度减小而增强。建议云滴谱宽度的参数化将垂直速度、云滴数浓度、云滴尺度和绝热程度等考虑在内。 相似文献
15.
B. G. Arends G. P. A. Kos R. Maser D. Schell W. Wobrock P. Winkler J. A. Ogren K. J. Noone A. Hallberg I. B. Svenningsson A. Wiedensohler H. -C. Hansson A. Berner I. Solly C. Kruisz 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(1-2):59-85
During a field measuring campaign at Kleiner Feldberg (Taunus) in 1990, microphysical characteristics of clouds have been measured by Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probes (FSSP). The aim was to study the influence of aerosol and meteorological factors on droplet size and number. The results are: More mass in the accumulation size range of the aerosol leads to more droplets in stratocumulus clouds and to higher soluble masses in droplets of stratus clouds. However, the aerosol distribution was coarser in the stratus clouds compared to the stratocumulus clouds. Within the first 200 m from cloud base, the droplets grow while their number decreases. The growth results in a stable size of about 14 µm diameter over a large distance from cloud base in many stratocumulus clouds. Two types of mixing processes were observed: processes with reductions in the number of droplets (inhomogeneous mixing) and with reductions in the size of the droplets (homogeneous mixing). 相似文献
16.
利用2008年4—7月、2009年5—8月和2011年5—9月黄山光明顶的云滴谱观测资料,对离散度和体积平均半径之间的关系进行了深入的分析和讨论。结果表明,随着体积平均半径的增大,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关从正变成负,主要与活化、凝结、蒸发和去活化有关,与以往研究一致。在此基础上,进一步发现负相关比较弱,主要与碰并过程有关。当云雨自动转化阈值函数增大时,碰并增强,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关性由负转正,且正相关性逐渐增强。碰并导致的正相关削弱了凝结和蒸发导致的负相关。此外,尽管云滴谱出现了双峰谱,但第一档强度(第一档浓度除以总的浓度)仍然可以很好地区分正负相关性。 相似文献
17.
The First Observed Cloud Echoes and Microphysical Parameter Retrievals by China''s 94-GHz Cloud Radar 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WU Juxiu WEI Ming HANG Xin ZHOU Jie ZHANG Peichang LI Nan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):430-443
By using the cloud echoes first successfully observed by China's indigenous 94-GHz SKY cloud radar, the macrostructure and microphysical properties of drizzling stratocumulus clouds in Anhui Province on 8 June2013 are analyzed, and the detection capability of this cloud radar is discussed. The results are as follows.(1) The cloud radar is able to observe the time-varying macroscopic and microphysical parameters of clouds,and it can reveal the microscopic structure and small-scale changes of clouds.(2) The velocity spectral width of cloud droplets is small, but the spectral width of the cloud containing both cloud droplets and drizzle is large. When the spectral width is more than 0.4 m s-1, the radar reflectivity factor is larger(over –10 dBZ).(3) The radar's sensitivity is comparatively higher because the minimum radar reflectivity factor is about–35 dBZ in this experiment, which exceeds the threshold for detecting the linear depolarized ratio(LDR) of stratocumulus(commonly –11 to –14 dBZ; decreases with increasing turbulence).(4) After distinguishing of cloud droplets from drizzle, cloud liquid water content and particle effective radius are retrieved. The liquid water content of drizzle is lower than that of cloud droplets at the same radar reflectivity factor. 相似文献
18.
Xuexu WU Minghuai WANG Delong ZHAO Daniel ROSENFELD Yannian ZHU Yuanmou DU Wei ZHOU Ping TIAN Jiujiang SHENG Fei WANG Deping DING 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2056-2070
The microphysical characteristics of wintertime cold clouds in North China were investigated from 22 aircraft observation flights from 2014 to 2017, 2020, and 2021. The clouds were generated by mesoscale weather systems with little orographic component. Over the mixed-phase temperature range (–40°C to 0°C), the average fraction of liquid, mixed-phase, and ice cloud was 4.9%, 23.3%, and 71.8%, respectively, and the probability distribution of ice mass fraction was a half-U-shape, suggesting that ice cloud was the primary cloud type. The wintertime mixed-phase clouds in North China were characterized by large cloud droplet number concentration, small liquid water content (LWC), and small effective diameter of cloud droplets. The main reason for larger cloud droplet number concentration and smaller effective diameter of cloud droplets was the heavy pollution in winter in North China, while for smaller LWC was the lower temperature during flights and the difference in air mass type. With the temperature increasing, cloud droplet number concentration, LWC, and the size of ice particles increased, but ice number concentration and effective diameter of cloud droplets decreased, similar to other mid-latitude regions, indicating the similarity in the temperature dependence of cloud properties of mixed-phase clouds. The variation of the cloud properties and ice habit at different temperatures indicated the operation of the aggregation and riming processes, which were commonly present in the wintertime mixed-phase clouds. This study fills a gap in the aircraft observation of wintertime cold clouds in North China. 相似文献