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1.
《浙江气象》2016,(3)
用Micaps,地面自动站加密资料,新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料以及中尺度WRF模式输出资料对2014夏季发生在宁波市地区的一个局地强雷暴天气过程进行了分析总结,得出:宁波新一代多普勒雷达反射率回波出现弱窄带回波时,对应边界层辐合线海风锋,在有利天气形势背景下易诱发强对流的发生发展。此次强雷雨过程是在有利天气背景条件下发生的,强对流发生在局地层结不稳定和较好的水汽条件下;利用中尺度WRF模式输出资料进行分析看到,海风锋的锋生造成的地转强迫促使次级环流加强,在东西风辐合线西侧有垂直上升运动出现;海风锋本身有一辐合抬升区,辐合上升运动的加强为雷暴的发生提供了有利的动力条件,从而触发了该地区不稳定能量的强烈释放,促使了雷暴的新生发展。 相似文献
2.
利用天津新一代天气雷达探测到的2008年6～9月共56次渤海湾海风锋天气过程资料、 255 m高的气象铁塔资料及相应的自动气象站资料, 统计分析了渤海湾海风锋的气候特征, 包括渤海湾海风锋出现的时间、 频率和海风锋触发形成雷暴天气的演变特征。结果表明, 2008年6～9月雷达共观测到渤海湾海风锋56次; 每日海风锋的形成时间有所不同, 最早形成时间是09：30（北京时, 下同）, 最晚在16：00; 维持时间也各有长短, 最长维持时间为6.5 h, 最短的仅1 h; 伸展到内陆的一般距离为70～80 km, 最远距离达120 km, 高度一般为1.5 km, 最高为2.0 km。同时, 结合2002-2007年典型的海风锋天气个例分析表明, 单一海风锋由于水平范围小, 垂直厚度最高为2 km, 一般不能形成雷暴天气。但是, 当它与西边很弱的冷锋形成一定角度（30°～90°）碰撞时, 在碰撞的交叉处能够形成雷暴天气; 当海风锋与其它系统呈追赶碰撞时, 一般不能形成雷暴天气; 当海风锋与其它系统平行碰撞时, 有时雷暴加强, 有时雷暴减弱。 相似文献
3.
海风锋在渤海西岸局地暴雨过程中的作用 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站资料、多普勒雷达观测资料及中尺度TJ-WRF模式输出资料,对2009年7月6日天津宁河地区出现的暴雨天气过程进行了分析,重点分析了渤海湾海风锋对沿岸局地暴雨的触发机理。结果表明：此次局地暴雨过程是在有利天气背景条件下发生的,暴雨发生地存在局地层结不稳定和较好的水汽条件。海风锋本身有一辐合抬升区,区域内有弱对流存在;当海风锋移到局地存在层结不稳定且水汽充足的区域,其抬升区的辐合上升运动迅速加强,从而触发该地区雷暴的新生发展;海风锋与迎面移来的雷暴相遇,会对雷暴的加速发展起到加强作用。利用中尺度WRF模式输出资料进行分析看到,两条辐合线相交处易激发出强雷暴,雷暴出现在近地层大气暖干区的北端、湿空气的交汇处;海风锋对雷暴的新生发展有明显的触发抬升作用。 相似文献
4.
利用自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达等各种观测资料,分析了2009年6月5日江苏出现的罕见大范围强对流天气,同时利用WRFV3模式对这次海风锋的发生、发展过程进行了模拟。结果表明,由于地面加热不均和海陆温湿差异导致的变形场锋生所形成的海风锋,是造成这次强对流天气过程的主要中尺度激发和强化系统。对流云团进入锋区后在切变线的辐合作用下发展,并随平均风向向前传播。海风锋在雷暴高压下沉出流的推动下,移动路径偏离主回波,在移动过程中其后部不仅激发出对流单体,还组织新的MCS发展。海风锋起到了加强和触发强对流天气的作用,对流单体进入海风锋后发展剧烈,垂直速度和低层辐合明显加大。另外,在有利的温湿条件下,雷暴高压的出流能加强海风锋的上升气流。 相似文献
5.
对2007年8月13日天津多普勒天气雷达(CIN RAD WSR/98D)探测的雷暴天气个例进行分析,结果表明:此次雷暴天气是由渤海湾海风锋与阵风锋碰撞形成的;碰撞后,在海风锋前端、阵风锋前部有新的雷暴单体形成;阵风锋后部的对流回波主体加强,对流回波主体由椭圆状加强为典型的弓状。应用天津36个自动气象站的地面六要素资料和北京850 hPa以上探空资料,组成新的诊断资料,对该个例进行诊断分析,结果表明:雷达探测的海风锋前端具有较强的低层垂直风切变梯度和露点温度梯度大值区,海风锋前沿与0～3 km垂直风切变梯度密集区相对应,且与露点温度梯度变化较快的区域基本吻合;海风锋与阵风锋相互碰撞时,0～3 km垂直风切变在2 h内变化较快,且有明显的增加趋势,CAPE(convective available potential energy,对流有效位能)值在雷暴形成前有较明显增加;随着雷暴天气结束,上述特征随之消失。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象观测资料、多普勒气象雷达资料、浙江省自动站加密资料、NCEP/FNL再分析资料,结合高分辨率中尺度数值模式WRF对杭州湾地区2016年7月28日一次海风锋触发雷暴天气的发生、发展演变特征进行数值模拟。结果表明:1)海风锋是此次强雷暴天气过程的主要触发系统。2)中尺度模式WRF较好地模拟出此次雷暴过程的降水和低层风场、温度场分布以及海风锋水平垂直结构。3)海风锋对局地比湿及涡度特征的加强有明显的促进作用,为雷暴的发生发展提供有利的水汽和动力条件。4)分析对流参数演变曲线的突变位置,对雷暴发生的时间有一定的指示和预报意义,杭州湾南侧单纯的海风锋也可以触发雷暴的发生发展。 相似文献
7.
城市热岛与海风锋叠加作用对一次局地强降水的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、天津255 m气象塔资料、多普勒雷达资料和VDRAS反演资料及中尺度TJ WRF模式输出资料,对2010年8月16日天津城区出现的一次局地强降水过程进行分析,重点分析了城市热岛与海风锋叠加作用对此次局地强降水的触发机制。结果表明：此次局地强降水发生在低层槽后弱的反环流条件下,具有明显的γ中尺度对流降水特征;城市热岛效应能造成局地的热力不均匀,这对形成地面中尺度辐合线非常有利。海风锋由岸边向市区移动中与中尺度辐合线相遇,能激发局地不稳定能量的释放,从而产生强对流天气。城市热岛对海风锋的移动有明显阻挡作用;当海风锋移到城市热岛效应明显区域附近时,其后侧气流会出现明显分支绕流和爬升现象,而且两者相遇处的辐合上升运动会迅速加强,这为该地不稳定能量的释放及雷暴的发生发展提供了有利的动力热力条件。中尺度TJ WRF模式可以很好地模拟出这一现象。 相似文献
8.
利用浙江省常规气象站观测资料、地面自动站加密资料、新一代多普勒天气雷达资料、NCEP GFS分析资料以及WRF中尺度模式,对2013年7月29日发生在宁波市地区的一个局地强雷暴天气过程进行了诊断分析和数值模拟。通过对天气环流和数值模拟结果的分析发现：本次强雷暴过程发生在较稳定的大气背景下,主要影响系统是中尺度辐合线海风锋;多普勒雷达出现弱窄带回波时,对应中尺度辐合线海风锋;海风锋向内陆推进时,对应站点温度降低、湿度增大。WRF模式能较好地模拟出此次雷暴过程以及宁波地区低层海风锋环流,高空回流随时间和空间的演变特征;海风锋的锋生造成的地转强迫促使次级环流加强,在东西风辐合线西侧有垂直上升运动出现;通过与敏感试验的对比可知,海陆热力差异是影响雷暴降水强度、海风锋水平垂直环流的重要因素。 相似文献
9.
渤海湾海风锋雷达回波特征分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
应用天津新一代天气雷达和相应的自动气象站资料,统计分析雷达监测到的4次渤海湾海风锋的特点,并研究渤海湾海风锋与强对流天气形成、发展和消散过程演变特征。结果表明:渤海湾海风锋在低仰角(O．5°或1．5°)基本反射率产品中表现为平行于渤海湾的窄带弱回波,强度一般仅维持在15～25dBz,长度约为100～300km,宽度随着季节、天气背景场的变化而变化;并且移动速度非常缓慢,基本维持在10～15km·h~(-1)。低仰角(O．5°或1．5°)的基本速度产品上,海风锋几乎呈准静止的零速度窄带回波。当海风锋与弱冷锋相遇时,相遇交叉处能够产生强对流天气;而单一海风锋不能产生强对流天气,仅能改变气温和风向等气象要素特征。 相似文献
10.
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
14.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
16.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
17.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
18.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
19.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
20.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献