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1.
太原地区灰霾天气特征及影响因子分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用2008~2012年太原常规地面气象观测资料、高空探测资料和大气污染物观测资料,对主要天气形势、典型气象要素以及空气污染状况下灰霾天气特征及形成机制进行了综合分析。结果表明:1)太原地区灰霾出现频率存在明显的季节变化,冬半年灰霾出现天数占全年的65.7%;一天中08:00(北京时间,下同)至13:00发生灰霾的频率较高。2)霾日静风频率较高,主导风向为偏东南风;重度灰霾天气出现时相对湿度较高。3)霾日的大气稳定度主要表现为稳定类;霾日平均混合层高度比非霾日低约100 m;08:00逆温出现次数高于20:00,霾时平均逆温强度和厚度高于非霾时。4)高压类型天气形势对灰霾的产生有重要影响,低压天气形势下较少出现灰霾天气。5)可吸入颗粒物、SO2和NO2浓度在非霾日比霾日分别下降32.6%、48.6%、21.7%;随着灰霾等级的增加,SO2和可吸入颗粒物的浓度有显著的增加。6)灰霾天气下到达地面的太阳辐射强度明显减弱,日照时数明显减少。 相似文献
2.
利用2007—2011年西安泾河探空站逐日07、19时探空资料和同时期空气污染物质量浓度资料,分析西安边界层逆温的变化特征及其与空气污染的关系。结果表明:西安一年四季都有逆温出现,冬季逆温最多,夏季最少,早晨多于晚上;逆温强度在0.7~1.5℃/100m,冬季逆温强度最大,夏季最小;晚上逆温强度大于早晨;中等强度逆温最多;冬季的逆温层厚度最大,夏季最小,早晨的逆温层厚度均明显高于晚上;造成西安市空气污染的首要污染物是PM10,其次为SO2,再次为NO2;有逆温时的空气污染物月质量浓度值均高于无逆温时,主要污染物PM10的月质量浓度的变化与逆温厚度、强度成正比,呈现出冬半年高夏半年低的变化趋势,在逆温厚度最厚、强度最强的月份中,空气污染物质量浓度值也最大。逆温层是影响西安地区空气质量的主要气象因子之一。 相似文献
3.
利用2010—2015年南京市逐日的08时(北京时间,下同)和20时L波段雷达探空秒级数据资料,研究南京市边界层内(2 km以下)接地逆温和悬浮逆温的出现频率、逆温层厚度以及逆温强度等,对该地区低空大气逆温特征变化进行了详细分析。结果发现:南京市逆温日的发生频率较高,达81.68%,其中接地逆温23.9%,悬浮逆温71.8%,早间发生频率高于晚间,月分布均表现为盛夏季节频率低,秋冬季节发生频率高。逆温层厚度也是夏季最薄,冬季到初春厚度较大;早间的逆温层厚度大于晚间的逆温层厚度,悬浮逆温厚度大于接地逆温厚度。南京市逆温强度夏季小,冬季大,有明显的季节变化趋势。逆温强度早晚差异较小,但接地逆温平均逆温强度是悬浮逆温的1.5倍。逆温强度达到2.0℃/hm的强逆温有50%以上出现在冬季。通过计算污染物浓度与逆温强度的相关性,发现污染物浓度(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO)与逆温强度有很好的正相关性,由此说明低空大气逆温层结状况对空气质量有一定影响。 相似文献
4.
2016年12月30日至2017年1月8日，山东出现了以PM2.5为首要污染物、持续几天、大部地区重度以上污染的霾天气。基于多种实况观测资料和ERA Interim再分析资料，分析了此次过程天气背景和边界层特征等。结果发现：高空平直纬向环流、地面弱气压场、典型的静稳天气，有利于霾维持较长时间。此次过程期间有3次冷空气影响，冷空气的强度影响霾的变化，弱冷空气难以破坏近地层逆温结构，并会从上游向下输送污染物，有利于污染物的累积；较强冷空气带来较强的垂直运动，破坏了静稳天气形势，有利于污染物的扩散及清除。此次过程稳定层结形势下，边界层高度是一个对霾有指示意义的物理量。边界层高度和AQI的变化呈滞后负相关关系，边界层高度降低之后对应AQI指数升高。逆温层长时间的存在是此次霾持续的重要条件，另外由于地理原因东南风增湿和逆温层顶高度降低都会导致污染物浓度增大，使霾加重。 相似文献
5.
近年来,雾霾天气频发,加剧了空气质量的恶化。研究雾霾天气的成因,加强雾霾的预报能力,对指导公众出行和保护身体健康有着重要的意义。本文利用辽宁62个国家级自动站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2015年11月7—14日辽宁一次持续性雾霾天气过程的环流背景、形成条件和持续原因进行分析,结果表明:(1)高层西南偏西气流,低层暖脊及地面倒槽和弱气压场的环流背景为雾霾天气的发生提供了有利的天气形势。(2)逆温是这次雾霾天气持续的重要原因。雾和霾天气逆温表现形式不同,大雾过程中,逆温层高度低,厚度小;霾过程中,逆温层高度高,厚度大,且表现为多个逆温层同时存在。(3)水汽条件是雾和霾转换的关键因素。当近地层空气相对湿度大于95%时,有利于雾的生成;而相对湿度在60%~70%时,有利于霾的形成。雾向霾转换时,比湿增大;霾向雾转换时,比湿下降。(4)近地面弱的上升运动、中高层弱的下沉运动是此次雾霾加强的动力机制。(5)雾霾出现前后气象要素特征差异明显,可为雾霾天气的预报提供重要参考。 相似文献
6.
台州低空逆温层特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省洪家气象站L波段雷达逐日探空资料,统计分析了2007—2011年台州接地逆温和悬浮逆温的出现频率、逆温厚度、逆温强度特征,以及与风向风速的关系。结果表明:台州四季均存在低空逆温层,低空逆温出现频率年变化趋势呈单谷型特征,冬春季节逆温出现频率较高。秋冬季节低空逆温厚度增大,春季厚度变薄,夏季最薄;各时次的悬浮逆温厚度大于接地逆温厚度。07:00接地逆温月变化和季节变化强度都弱于19:00接地逆温的;07:00接地逆温,冬季强度最大(1.4℃/100m);19:00接地逆温在秋冬季节强度(2.2和2.0℃/100m)显著大于春夏季节强度(1.3和1.5℃/100m)。两个时次悬浮逆温强度月变化(0.8~1.2℃/100m)和季节变化(0.9~1.1℃/100m)较小,平均底高和顶高的最低值都在7月份,19:00悬浮逆温平均底高、平均顶高普遍大于07:00悬浮逆温观测值。出现接地逆温层时,低空风速一般≤2 m/s,层底风向集中在W到NW之间和静风,天空多为无云或少云;出现悬浮逆温层时,风速小于6 m/s的比例超过50%,层底风向集中在NW到ENE之间和SSW到SW之间,总云量不小于6的比例达70%以上。四季均有霾出现,霾日出现频率年变化趋势与逆温出现频率都是呈单谷型特征。霾污染权重系数季节变化与两个时次的逆温厚度和07:00逆温强度的变化趋势基本一致:冬春季节的大于夏秋季节的;冬春季节霾的污染程度较为严重,污染权重系数分别为49.0和38.1。 相似文献
7.
利用2003—2009年杭州市逐日探空观测资料及杭州市环境监测站空气污染物浓度监测资料,对杭州市主城区低空温度层结特征及与3种主要空气污染物（SO2、NO2和PM10）浓度之间的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明：杭州市主城区低空大气温度层结全年以弱稳定为主,一年四季皆有逆温层存在;冬半年逆温发生频率高于夏半年,逆温层厚度冬季较厚、夏季较薄,逆温强度秋季最强、夏季最弱。通过计算污染物浓度与逆温特性的相关关系,发现污染物浓度与逆温层底高呈负相关,与逆温频率、厚度、强度呈正相关,由此说明杭州市主城区低空大气逆温层结状况是影响当地空气污染程度的主要因素之一。 相似文献
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兰州市冬季空气污染的天气成因分析及浓度预报 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
兰州是全国冬季大气污染最严重的城市之一 ,通过对污染与天气形势的分析 ,给出了影响冬季兰州污染的天气分型 ;对 3种主要空气污染物TSP、SO2 、NOX 浓度值与同期表征逆温特征的逆温参数及地面气象要素作了统计分析 ,结果表明 :(1)污染物浓度与逆温层厚度呈显著正相关 ;(2 )污染物浓度与平均温度、能见度、风速、总云量、相对湿度成负相关 ,与温差、气压成正相关。最后针对不同天气分型 ,给出了冬半年兰州污染物浓度预报方程 ,经检验预报效果良好 相似文献
9.
利用2013—2016年哈尔滨市07:00和19:00探空逆温资料及哈尔滨市环境监测站空气污染物浓度监测资料,对哈尔滨市低空温度层结特征及其与主要空气污染物(SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5))浓度之间的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)哈尔滨市2013—2016年07:00持续性逆温天气出现频率是61.5%,19:00为58.8%。(2) 07:00和19:00逆温厚度月变化趋势基本一致,季节变化趋势也一致:冬季秋季春季夏季。(3)哈尔滨市冬半年逆温层出现频率明显高于夏半年,秋、冬季产生的逆温强度强于春、夏季。(4) 4年来哈尔滨市空气污染物浓度与持续性逆温频率、厚度呈正相关;与07:00逆温强度呈正相关,与19:00逆温强度的相关性不明显,说明哈尔滨市低空大气逆温层结状况是影响哈尔滨市空气质量的主要因素之一。(5)高纬冷平流弱,低层增暖,同时海平面气压场弱,大气水平和垂直方向输送能力差,从而使得污染物难以扩散进而堆积,这是持续数日重度污染的重要原因。 相似文献
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利用2003-2009年杭州市逐日探空观测资料及杭州市环境监测站空气污染物浓度监测资料,对杭州市主城区低空温度层结特征及与3种主要空气污染物（SO2、NO2和PM10）浓度之间的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明：杭州市主城区低空大气温度层结全年以弱稳定为主,一年四季皆有逆温层存在;冬半年逆温发生频率高于夏半年,逆温层厚度冬季较厚、夏季较薄,逆温强度秋季最强、夏季最弱。通过计算污染物浓度与逆温特性的相关关系,发现污染物浓度与逆温层底高呈负相关,与逆温频率、厚度、强度呈正相关,由此说明杭州市主城区低空大气逆温层结状况是影响该市空气污染程度的重要因素之一。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献