首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We investigated the flux footprints of receptors at different heights in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The footprints were derived using a forward Lagrangian stochastic (LS) method coupled with the turbulent fields from a large-eddy simulation model. Crosswind-integrated flux footprints shown as a function of upstream distances and sensor heights in the CBL were derived and compared using two LS particle simulation methods: an instantaneous area release and a crosswind linear continuous release. We found that for almost all sensor heights in the CBL, a major positive flux footprint zone was located close to the sensor upstream, while a weak negative footprint zone was located further upstream, with the transition band in non-dimensional upwind distances −X between approximately 1.5 and 2.0. Two-dimensional (2D) flux footprints for a point sensor were also simulated. For a sensor height of 0.158 z i, where z i is the CBL depth, we found that a major positive flux footprint zone followed a weak negative zone in the upstream direction. Two even weaker positive zones were also present on either side of the footprint axis, where the latter was rotated slightly from the geostrophic wind direction. Using CBL scaling, the 2D footprint result was normalized to show the source areas and was applied to real parameters obtained using aircraft-based measurements. With a mean wind speed in the CBL of U = 5.1 m s−1, convective velocity of w * = 1.37 m s−1, CBL depth of z i = 1,000 m, and flight track height of 159 m above the surface, the total flux footprint contribution zone was estimated to range from about 0.1 to 4.5 km upstream, in the case where the wind was perpendicular to the flight track. When the wind was parallel to the flight track, the total footprint contribution zone covered approximately 0.5 km on one side and 0.8 km on the other side of the flight track.  相似文献   

2.
Direct measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone fluxes over grassland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Using the eddy correlation method, fluxes of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, water, and sensible heat were measured at a site 20 km north of Denver, Colorado over mature crested wheat grass, 0.75 m high in late June and early July. During this period the weather was fair with no synoptic disturbances. In the early morning a well-mixed diluted urban pollution plume traversed the site, by late morning aged pollution had mixed downward into the local boundary layer, and by afternoon the air came from a relatively unpolluted area of the high plains. The mean trace gas concentrations reflect this repeated pattern of local air flow. The fluxes of the trace gases were influenced both by the variation of the means and by other factors including temperature and biological activity. Ozone fluxes were found to be always negative and proportional to the mean, with an average deposition velocity for this case of about 0.006 m s-1. For the oxides of nitrogen this simple treatment was not appropriate. Both deposition and emission were observed, generally deposition predominated in the morning and emission in the afternoon with observed variations in the fluxes of NOx=NO+NO2 from –0.3 to +0.2 ppbv m s-1.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation  相似文献   

3.
利用臭氧探空资料,分析了西太平洋地区香港(Hong Kong)、那霸(Naha)和札幌(Sapporo)三个站点2000~2010年期间大气边界层内臭氧(O3)的季节分布和年变化趋势。结果表明,三个站点O3的季节分布存在明显的差异。其中,那霸和香港大气边界层内O3季节平均呈双峰值分布,其峰值分别出现在春季和秋季;而札幌站为单峰分布,峰值出现在春季。造成季节分布差异的主要原因包括人为污染源和自然因素如气象条件。另外,三个站点大气边界层内O3均呈上升趋势。其中札幌、那霸上升最快,分别达0.80 ppb a-1和0.77 ppb a-1。(ppb表示10-9,下同)香港的年际增长较不明显,但秋季增长却非常明显,高达1.21 ppb a-1。结合GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) 和SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectro Meter for Atmospheric Chartography)卫星反演的NO2数据发现,过去10年中国京津唐和东北地区的对流层内NO2柱总量增加极为迅速。这些O3前体物通过远距离输送是导致札幌、那霸O3浓度增加的主要原因之一。珠江三角洲人为污染源的增加及偏北气流的影响,是导致香港地区秋季O3增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
During the BERLIOZ field phase on 20 July 1998 a 40 km wide ozone-plume 30 to 70 km north of Berlin in the lee of the city was detected. The ozone mixing ratio inside the plume was app. 15 ppb higher than outside, mainly caused by high ozone precursor emissions in Berlin, resulting in a net chemical ozone production of 6.5 ppb h–1, which overcompensates ozone advection of –3.6 ppb h–1 andturbulent diffusion of –1.1 ppb h–1. That means, although moreozone leaves the control volume far in the lee of Berlin than enters it at the leeside cityborder and although turbulent diffusion causes a loss of ozone in the leeside control volume the chemical production inside the volume leads to a net ozone increase. Using a semi-Lagrangian mass budget method to estimate the net ozone production, 5.0 ppb h–1 are calculated for theplume. This means a fraction of about 20% of ozone in the plume is producedby local emissions, therefore called `home made' by the Berlin emissions. For the same area KAMM/DRAIS simulations using an observation based initialisation, results in a net production rate between 4.0 and 6.5 ppbh–1, while the threefold nested EURAD model gives 6.0 ppbh–1. The process analysis indicates in many cases goodagreement (10% or better) between measurements and simulations not only in the ozone concentrations but also with respect to the physical and chemical processes governing the total change. Remaining differences are caused by different resolution in time and space of the models and measurements as well as by errors in the emission calculation.The upwind-downwind differences in PAN concentrations are partly similar to those of ozone, because in the BERLIOZ case they are governed mainly by photochemical production. While in the stable boundary layer at night and windward of Berlin 0.1 to 0.3 ppb are detected, in the centre of the plume at noon concentrations between 0.75 ppb and 1.0 ppb are measured. The O3/PAN ratio is about 80 to 120 and thus due to the relatively lowPAN concentrations significantly higher than found in previous studies. The low PAN formation on 20 July, was mainly restricted by the moderate nonmethane hydrocarbon levels, whereas high PAN concentrations of 3.0 ppb on 21 July, are caused by local production in the boundary layer and by large scale advection aloft.  相似文献   

5.
The halogen ions Br- and Cl- together with NO3 -, SO4 =, MSA- (methane sulfonate), Na+ and NH4 + were analysed by ion chromatography in extracts of more than 800 aerosol cellulose filter samples taken at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N, 12°E) in spring 1996 (March 27 - May 16) within the European Union project ARCTOC (Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry). Anticorrelated variations between f-Br (filterable bromine, i.e. water soluble bromine species that can be collected by aerosol filters) and ozone within the arctic troposphere were evaluated at a resolution of 1 or 2 hours for periods with depleted ozone and 4 hours at normal ozone. A mean f-Br concentration of 11 ng m-3 (0.14 nmol m-3) was observed for the whole campaign, while maximum concentrations of 80 ng m-3 (1 nmol m-3) were detected during two total O3-depletion events (O3 drop to mixing ratios below the detection limit of < 2 ppb). Anticorrelation between f-Br and O3 was also seen during minor O3-depletion episodes (sudden drop in O3 by at least 10 ppb, but O3 still exceeding the detection limit) and even for ozone variations near its background level (40-50 ppb). A time lag of about 10 hours between the change of ozone and of f-Br concentrations could only be found during a total ozone depletion event, when f-Br reached its maximum values several hours after ozone was totally destroyed. Bromine oxide (BrO) concentrations, measured by DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy), and f-Br showed a coincident variability during almost the entire campaign (except in the case of total O3-loss). Frequently enhanced anthropogenic nitrate and sulphate concentrations were observed during O3-depletion periods. At O3 concentrations < 10 ppb sulphate and nitrate exceed their typical mean level by 54% and 77%, respectively. This may indicate a possible connection between acidity and halogen release.  相似文献   

6.
  相似文献   

7.
Using the new high-frequency measurement equipment of the research aircraft DO 128, which is described in detail, turbulent vertical fluxes of ozone and nitric oxide have been calculated from data sampled during the ESCOMPTE program in the south of France. Based on airborne turbulence measurements, radiosonde data and surface energy balance measurements, the convective boundary layer (CBL) is examined under two different aspects. The analysis covers boundary-layer convection with respect to (i) the control of CBL depth by surface heating and synoptic scale influences, and (ii) the structure of convective plumes and their vertical transport of ozone and nitric oxides. The orographic structure of the terrain causes significant differences between planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights, which are found to exceed those of terrain height variations on average. A comparison of boundary-layer flux profiles as well as mean quantities over flat and complex terrain and also under different pollution situations and weather conditions shows relationships between vertical gradients and corresponding turbulent fluxes. Generally, NOx transports are directed upward independent of the terrain, since primary emission sources are located near the ground. For ozone, negative fluxes are common in the lower CBL in accordance with the deposition of O3 at the surface.The detailed structure of thermals, which largely carry out vertical transports in the boundary layer, are examined with a conditional sampling technique. Updrafts mostly contain warm, moist and NOx loaded air, while the ozone transport by thermals alternates with the background ozone gradient. Evidence for handover processes of trace gases to the free atmosphere can be found in the case of existing gradients across the boundary-layer top. An analysis of the size of eddies suggests the possibility of some influence of the heterogeneous terrain in mountainous area on the length scales of eddies.  相似文献   

8.
Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone in highly dispersed water droplets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The oxidation of S(IV) by ozone in aqueous solution has been studied in highly dispersed droplets in a laboratory could chamber at 20°C. Urban air was used. Ozone concentrations ranged from 15 to 120 ppb, orders of magnitude lower than most previous works. Rate constants were derived from differential product determination, rather than from rates of decay of bulk reactants. Comparison of the results obtained here with those from previous work indicates that the reaction rate is indeed first order with respect to ozone. The second-order reaction rate constants found in this work lay between, or close to, other recent results, and could be represented by:k=1.23×104 [H+]–0.51 M–1 s–1.  相似文献   

9.
The morning development of the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL) during fine weather has been observed with an acoustic Doppler sodar of the C.R.P.E. In particular, the vertical profile of the vertical velocity third-order statistic W* 3 has been obtained. This quantity is a maximum near 0.3z I where z I, is the height of the CBL. The histogram of vertical velocity in the CBL shows a relationship between W 3 and the convective velocity W * and is useful for convective plume determination.  相似文献   

10.
Ozone production efficiencies (EN), which can be defined as the netnumber of ozone molecules produced per molecule of NOxoxidised, have been calculated from measurements taken during three intensive field campaigns (one in the spring, EASE 96, and two in the summer, EASE 97 and TIGER 95), at two European coastal sites (Mace Head, Ireland (EASE) and Weybourne, Norfolk (TIGER)) impacted by polluted air masses originating from both the U.K. and continental Europe, as well as relatively clean oceanic air masses from the Arctic and Atlantic. From a detailed wind sector analysis of the EASE 96 and 97 data it is clear that two general types of pollution regime were encountered at Mace Head. The calculated ozone production efficiency in clean oceanic air masses was approximately 65, which contrasted to more polluted air, from the U.K. and the continental European plume, where the efficiency decreased to between 4 and 6. The latter values of ENagree well with literature measurements conducted downwind of various urban centres in the U.S. and Europe, which are summarised in a wide-ranging review table. The EN value calculated for clean oceanic air is effectivelyan upper limit, owing to the relatively rapid deposition of HNO3 tothe ocean. Consideration of the variation of EN with NOx forthe three campaigns suggests that ozone production efficiency is relatively insensitive to both geographical location and season. The measuredEN values are also compared with values derived from steady-state expressions. An observed anti-correlation between EN and measured ozone tendencyis briefly discussed.  相似文献   

11.
张哲  师宇  王咏薇  刘磊  胡非 《气象科学》2019,39(3):359-367
大气边界层高度对于天气、气候和大气污染研究是一个至关重要的参量。对流边界层(Convective Boundary Layer,CBL)顶部的夹卷过程造成温度和湿度垂直梯度增强,导致这一层的折射率结构常数C■变高。C■的这种垂直分布特征经常被用来定位出CBL高度Z_i。本文利用2010年7—8月天津大港的风廓线雷达数据推断出CBL高度Z_i,对于多重C■峰值或不明确的C■峰值,本文改进了对Z_i的测定,分别讨论了C■最大后向散射法与C■和垂直速度方差(σ■)相结合的新方法的适用性。研究显示:(1)C■廓线具有单峰时,最大后向散射强度法能正确估计CBL高度,这种情况往往对应的是晴天。CBL上存在的残留层或云层引起的温湿起伏变化导致C■廓线具有双峰甚至多峰时,最大后向散射强度法可能会错误估计CBL高度;(2)C■和σ■结合的方法不仅与晴天时C■最大后向散射法有较好的一致性,而且可以将CBL造成的C■峰值从云层造成的C■峰值中区分出来,从而正确估计CBL高度;(3)一般而言,对流边界层中存在有明显的、破碎或者分散不明显的云时,C■和σ■结合的方法都能较好地识别出CBL对应的C■峰值。但由于边界层中的情况极为复杂,C■和σ■结合法也会因不同的原因而错误估计CBL高度。  相似文献   

12.
Ozone photochemical production and loss in very different environments at Waliguan baseline station and Lin'an background station were simulated by using the measurement data and photochemical box model.The results show that net ozone photochemical production rate is negative,about 0.5 ppb/d,at Waliguan baseline sation,because of very low precursor concentrations.But at Lin'an background station,the net photochemical ozone production is positive,about 2-3 ppb/h.which is very closed with the measurement at Lin'an.That means ozone production was controlled by photochemical reactions at Lin'an background station,because of the higher precursor concentrations.The net destruction rate,at Waliguan Mt.,is not large,so that future increase in anthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen will lead to larger production rates of steady-state O3 concentration.  相似文献   

13.
A model is developed to simulate the potential temperature and the height of the mixed layer under advection conditions. It includes analytic expressions for the effects of mixed-layer conditions upwind of the interface between two different surfaces on the development of the mixed layer downwind from the interface. Model performance is evaluated against tethersonde data obtained on two summer days during sea breeze flow in Vancouver, Canada. It is found that the mixed-layer height and temperature over the ocean has a small but noticeable effect on the development of the mixed layer observed 10 km inland from the coast. For these two clear days, the subsidence velocity at the inversion base capping the mixed layer is estimated to be about 30 mm s–1 from late morning to late afternoon. When the effects of subsidence are included in the model, the mixed-layer height is considerably underpredicted, while the prediction for the mean potential temperature in the mixed layer is considerably improved. Good predictions for both height and temperature can be obtained when values for the heat entrainment ratio,c, 0.44 and 0.68 for these two days respectively for the period from 1000 to 1300 LAT, were used. These values are estimated using an equation including the additional effects on heat entrainment due to the mechanical mixing caused by wind shear at the top of the mixed layer and surface friction. The contribution of wind shear to entrainment was equal to, or greater than, that from buoyant convection resulting from the surface heat flux. Strong wind shear occurred near the top of the mixed layer between the lower level inland flow and the return flow aloft in the sea breeze circulation.Symbols c entrainment parameter for sensible heat - c p specific heat of air at constant pressure, 1010 J kg–1 K–1 - d 1 the thickness of velocity shear at the mixed-layer top, m - Q H surface sensible heat flux, W m–2 - u m mean mixed-layer wind speed, m s–1 - u * friction velocity at the surface, m s–1 - w subsidence velocity, m s–1 - W subsidence warming,oC s–1 - w e entrainment velocity, m s–1 - w * convection velocity in the mixed layer, m s–1 - x downwind horizontal distance from the water-land interface, m - y dummy variable forx, m - Z height above the surface, m - Z i height of capping inversion, m - Z m mixed-layer depth, i.e.,Z i–Zs, m - Z s height of the surface layer, m - lapse rate of potential temperature aboveZ i, K m–1 - potential temperature step atZ i, K - u h velocity step change at the mixed-layer top - m mean mixed-layer potential temperature, K  相似文献   

14.
A one-year set of surface ozone measurements in a four-station network located in the Venezuelan savannah is reported. The diurnal ozone variation is typical of continental stations with a maximum in the afternoon, when vertical turbulent mixing is strongest. The annual O3 average concentration, based on the monthly averages of daily maxima, was 17±2 ppb, which is in good agreement with values reported for similar latitudes. The boundary-layer ozone levels did not fall below 8 ppb, in contrast with previous sporadic measurements made in tropical latitudes. No evidence was found that mesoscale O3 downdrafts in the ITCZ in the South American continent are an important source of surface ozone. Finally, it is suggested that the relatively high ozone levels observed at the end of the dry season are probably of photochemical origin.  相似文献   

15.
Connection between ozone concentration and atmosphere circulation is investigated based on measurements at BEO station, peak Moussala (2,925 m a.s.l.), for the period 09 August 2006 to 29 January 2008. Ozone concentration data are collected with UV-analyzer “Environnement O3 42” and meteo data with weather station “Vaisala”. There are measurements of 7Be. Data from NOAA HYSPLIT model for particle trajectories are also used. Eight wind directions and three ranges of wind velocities are employed in the analysis. A comparison of ozone concentrations in upward and downward air transport according to HYSPLIT model is made. The number of cases with ozone concentration above 63 ppb has been counted. Mann–Whitney nonparametric test is employed as a basic statistical method. Correlation between atmosphere pressure and tropospheric ozone content is made. The same is done for 7Be and ozone. The main conclusion is that there is not any local or regional pollution effect detectable at peak Moussala, but most of the ozone measured is due to emissions of hydrocarbons and NO x over a larger region. There could be some regional sources of ozone building substances in southwest direction from peak Moussala. Air transported from the north quarter has higher ozone concentrations compared to the south quarter. In vertical direction, upward transport of air masses shows higher values of ozone concentration. Higher wind velocity is associated with low ozone concentrations at peak Moussala. The annual course of ozone concentration has summer maximum and winter minimum. There is right connection between air pressure and ozone concentration. The same is valid for the correlation between 7Be and ozone. Diurnal ozone course shows daytime maximum in winter and nighttime maximum in summer.  相似文献   

16.
A small, lightweight (1.5 kg) and fast-response ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements has been built. The basis for detection is the chemiluminescence of an organic dye adsorbed on dry silica gel in the reaction with ozone. The chemiluminescence is monitored with a cheap and small blue-sensitive photomultiplier. At a flow rate of 100 l min-1 the ozone sensor has a 90% response time of significantly better than 0.1 s with a detection limit lower than 50 ppt at S/N=3. There are no interferences from other atmospheric trace gases like NOx, H2O2 and PAN. Water vapour and SO2 enhance the chemiluminescence efficiency of the ozone sensor. Since their response times are 22 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively, no correlation between rapid ozone fluctuations and those of these two trace gases is noticed by the ozone sensor when operating at a frequency of 10 Hz.The ozone sensor was tested for several weeks in continuous measurements of ozone fluxes and deposition velocities over different croplands using the eddy correlation technique. Good agreement was found between ozone dry deposition velocities derived from profile measurements and by eddy correlation.  相似文献   

17.
Turbulence measurements of the vertical velocity component were obtained by an instrumented aircraft under fair weather conditions in the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area. Time series of vertical velocity fluctuations from horizontal flight segments made in the lower part of and near the middle of the convective boundary layer (CBL) over the urban area and surrounding region were subjected to various statistical and objective analyses. Higher order vertical velocity moments, and positive and negative velocity statistics, were computed. The horizontal dimensions of updrafts and downdrafts, and related properties of these turbulent eddies were derived by conditional sampling analysis. Emphasis is on a comparison of the results from urban and selected rural measurements from the lower part of the CBL.The vertical velocity probability density distribution for each segment was positively skewed and the mode was negative. The means and standard deviations of positive and negative velocity fluctuations were greater over the urban area. The urban vertical velocity variance was 50% greater than rural values, and power spectra revealed greater production of vertical turbulent energy in the urban area over a wide frequency range.The mean and maximum widths of downdrafts were generally larger than the corresponding values for updrafts. Differences between urban and rural eddy sizes were not statistically significant. The widths of the largest updraft and downdraft are comparable to the boundary-layer depth, Z i, and the mean value of the ratio of spectral peak wavelength to Z iwas about 1.3 and 1.1 for urban and rural areas, respectively. Convective similarity scaling parameters appeared to order both the urban and rural measurements.On assignment from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.  相似文献   

18.
利用中尺度大气化学模式WRF/Chem对2013年3月6日华南地区一次平流层入侵事件及其对对流层低层臭氧的影响进行模拟研究。通过加入UBC（Upper Boundary Condition）上边界处理方案,弥补WRF/Chem模式未考虑平流层臭氧化学反应的不足。结合臭氧探空廓线资料、地面O3、CO、NOx、相对湿度、温度和风速等观测资料以及再分析资料对模拟结果进行定量评估,结果表明模式能较为真实地模拟本次平流层入侵过程。模拟分析进一步揭示:（1）副热带高空急流是本次平流层入侵的主要原因。当华南地区处在副热带急流入口区左侧下沉区域时,平流层入侵将富含臭氧的干燥空气输送到对流层中低层。（2）本次平流层入侵对对流层低层臭氧收支有重要影响,导致香港地区近地层臭氧体积混合比浓度明显上升,如塔门站夜间臭氧浓度升高21.3 ppb（1 ppb=1×10-9）。地面气象场和化学物种的分析进一步确认了平流层入侵的贡献。（3）采用动力学对流层顶高度时零维箱式模型和Wei公式计算得到的平流层入侵通量相当,分别为-1.42×10-3 kg m-2 s-1和-1.59×10-3 kg m-2 s-1,这一结果与前人研究相吻合,且与采用热力学对流层顶高度计算所得到的结果具有可比性。  相似文献   

19.
Measurements of the sum of peroxy radicals [HO2 + RO2],NOx (NO + NO2) and NOy (the sum of oxidisednitrogen species) made at Mace Head, on the Atlantic coast of Ireland in summer 1996 and spring 1997 are presented. Together with a suite of ancillary measurements, including the photolysis frequencies of O3 O(1D)(j(O1D)) and NO2 (j(NO2)), the measured peroxy radicals are used to calculate meandailyozone tendency (defined as the difference of the in-situphotochemical ozone production and loss rates); these values are compared with values derived from the photochemical stationary state (PSS) expression. Although the correlation between the two sets of values is good, the PSS values are found to be significantly larger than those derived from the peroxy radical measurements, on average, in line with previous published work. Possible sources of error in these calculations are discussed in detail. The data are further divided up into five wind sectors, according to the instantaneous wind direction measured at the research station. Calculation of mean ozone tendencies by wind sector shows that ozone productivity was higher during spring (April–May) 1997 than during summer (July–August) 1996across all airmasses, suggesting that tropospheric photochemistry plays an important role in the widely-reported spring ozone maximum in the Northern Hemisphere. Ozone tendencies were close to zero for the relatively unpolluted south-west, west and north-west wind sectors in the summer campaign, whereas ozone productivity was greatest in the polluted south-east sector for both campaigns. Daytime weighted average ozone tendencies were +(0.3± 0.1) ppbv h–1 for summer 1996 and +(1.0± 0.5) ppbvh–1 for spring 1997. These figures reflect the higher mixing ratios of ozone precursors in spring overall, as well as the higher proportion of polluted air masses from the south-east arriving at the site during the spring campaign. The ozone compensation point, where photochemical ozone destruction and production processes are in balance, is calculated to be ca. 14 pptv NO for both campaigns.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract?This paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of surface ozone and concurrent standard meteorological parameters: total solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, and vertical and horizontal components of the wind. The data were collected from 2005 to 2010 at stations located in central Poland (Mazowieckie voivodeship): Warszawa (urban), Legionowo (suburban), Granica and Belsk (rural). Furthermore, Granica is situated in the forested area of Kampinoski National Park. Continuously measured surface ozone concentrations demonstrated the well-known diurnal cycle of surface ozone concentration with a maximum in the afternoon and a minimum in the early morning hours. The averaged diurnal variations over six years reveal that the highest concentrations appear at rural stations (Belsk: 55?µg?m?3 and Granica: 50?µg?m?3) and the lowest at the urban station (Warszawa: 41?µg?m?3). The threshold for high levels of surface ozone (120?µg?m?3 per 8?h) was exceeded most often at Granica and Belsk. The occurrence of the ozone “weekend effect,” especially at urban stations, has been identified. The difference between weekend and weekday surface ozone concentrations at urban and rural stations was as high as 6.5?µg?m?3 and approximately 2?µg?m?3, respectively. Using appropriate statistical tools, it has been shown that meteorological conditions have a significant influence on ozone concentration. High correlation coefficients were found between ozone concentration and solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The forward stepwise regression model explains up to 75% of the variations in daily surface ozone concentration in terms of meteorological variability in summer and up to 70% in winter. At the same time, a multilayer perceptron neural network model was used to reconstruct the concentration of surface ozone. High correlation coefficients (up to 0.89) indicate that, on the basis of standard meteorological parameters and NO2 concentration, we can determine ozone concentration with high accuracy.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号