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1.
地面观测资料在快速更新同化系统中的敏感性试验   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
王平  王晓峰  张蕾  李佳  许晓林 《气象》2017,43(8):901-911
通过对2011年7月31日发生在上海的局地强对流过程,利用快速更新同化系统(SMS-WARR),设计了四个试验,对地面观测资料(常规地面观测资料、加密自动气象站资料)进行敏感性数值试验。结果表明:不同地面观测资料同化对模式初始场的调整作用不同,地面观测资料的疏密影响模式初始场预报,加密自动站气象资料同化对初始温度场、风场的影响最明显;所有试验中,同化所有观测资料的模式能较好地模拟出此次强降水过程,且模拟的地面温度场、风场以及辐合线的演变与实况基本一致;通过分析、比较各试验初始场和预报结果的影响发现,同化所有地面观测资料能改善模式的初值,且观测资料通过循环同化的方式融合进模式,提高了模式对强对流中尺度结构特征的刻画,改善了对局地强对流天气系统的预报效果。  相似文献   

2.
设计了一个以MM5模式为基础的遗传算法同化系统,并对一次暴雨过程进行了实际降水的模拟,通过对比遗传同化和伴随同化的降水预报效果,对遗传算法同化系统的同化性能进行验证。试验结果表明,遗传算法与四维变分相结合的同化系统能有效地改善模式的初始场,使MM5模式要素预报和降水预报的准确率得到提高。  相似文献   

3.
数值模式误差对降水四维变分资料同化及预报的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用一个无量纲的水汽发展方程,针对同化时间窗口内出现和不出现降水两种情况,分析了不同模式误差和初始误差对降水四维变分资料同化预报效果的影响。结果表明,应用四维变分资料同化方法进行降水预报前,应该充分考虑数值模式中的误差,才能得到比较满意的同化及预报结果。假定同化窗口内获得的比湿观测场是准确的,当不存在模式误差时,四维变分资料同化方法可以有效地消除初始场误差,找到比湿真实初始场;而存在模式误差时,四维变分资料同化后的模式初始场会偏离真实的比湿初始场,并且模式误差越大,偏离程度越严重。在一些模式误差情况下,由于模式误差在同化窗口及延伸预报时段的作用不同,进行四维变分资料同化处理后,尽管累积降水量的预报结果在同化时间窗口内优于同化前的预报,而在最终预报时刻反而差于同化前。  相似文献   

4.
《高原气象》2021,40(4):919-931
谱逼近方法和变分资料同化方法都是提高动力降尺度模拟效果的有效手段,其中谱逼近方法通过引入分析或再分析资料来订正长时间连续积分造成的大尺度偏差问题,其模拟输出有望为变分同化提供质量较好的背景场。为此,本文通过WRF模式对2015年夏季秦巴山区实施水平分辨率为5 km的短期气候动力降尺度模拟,探讨在谱逼近方法的基础上利用三维变分(3DVar)同化方法同化地面观测资料的降尺度模拟效果,以期为获取复杂地形下高精度的高分辨率降尺度数据集提供一种有效途径。结果表明,在动力降尺度过程中使用谱逼近方法能够改善2 m温度、10 m风速和降水的模拟结果。只同化地面观测资料对模拟的2 m温度和10 m风速有明显改善,但对降水模拟有负作用。谱逼近方法和地面资料同化方法的结合使用能够得到2 m温度、10 m风速的最佳模拟效果,对降水的模拟结果也优于只同化地面观测资料的试验效果。使用谱逼近方法能够有效地对风场和水汽场做出合理调整,这是其降水模拟精度提高的原因之一。  相似文献   

5.
集合均方根滤波同化地面自动站资料的技术研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
模式地形与观测站地形高度差异一直是地面资料同化面临的棘手问题,合理的同化方案能够将地面自动站资料有效的同化到中尺度数值模式中。本文首先采用Guo et al.(2002)的方案实现了在WRF模式中应用集合Kalman滤波方法同化地面自动站资料;然后对方案进行调整,对10 m高度风场、2 m高度位温、2 m高度露点和地表气压进行同化。通过均方根误差分析,模拟结果和同化增量分析来确定集合平方根滤波(EnSRF)同化地面自动站资料的有效性,并进行敏感性试验分析检验模式对各要素物理量的响应状况。结果表明:在EnSRF同化系统中应用Guo et al.(2002)的方案将地面自动站资料进行同化到数值模式中,能够部分改善模拟结果;地面观测资料(温度、湿度、风场、地表气压)中各物理量分别同化到数值模式都能影响18小时降水预报,但各物理量所起作用大小不同,其中对结果影响最大的是露点;使用位温、露点分别代替温度、比湿进行同化模拟效果更好,对自动站资料的同化也更加有效。  相似文献   

6.
四维数据同化在一次梅雨锋暴雨过程中的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
何斌  徐瑞国  牛萍 《气象科学》2012,32(2):160-168
通过2008年梅雨季内的一次暴雨过程来着重研究WRF模式中四维测站同化技术的应用情况以及不同的同化策略对模拟结果的影响,使用的同化资料包括常规高空和地面探测资料。结果表明:高空探测资料的同化能够较好地修正中α尺度系统的移动发展速度,从而有效地改进强降雨带的落区位置;湿度观测资料的同化反而降低了强降雨带的降水强度,这可能因为同化湿度观测量可能减小近饱和区域内的水汽混合比,从而导致这些区域内的潜热加热减小,对流强度变弱,降水减少;地面观测资料的同化能够对模式行星边界层进行修正,这种同化影响通常在模式最低层上表现得较为明显,向上逐渐减小,而边界层模拟质量对降水至关重要,因此地面观测资料的加入使得模拟降水更加接近于实况。区域嵌套模拟试验表明对粗网格区域进行四维分析同化处理可以有效抑制中α尺度模式误差的增长,对细网格区域进行四维测站同化处理则可以进一步抑制中β尺度模式误差增长。  相似文献   

7.
利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式和基于本征正交分解的四维集合变分同化方法(POD-4DEnVar),对2015年12月9日一次华南暴雨过程进行多普勒雷达资料同化试验,并与三维变分同化试验(WRF-3DVar)进行对比,讨论了POD-4DEnVar方法中局地化半径对模拟效果的敏感性。结果表明,比较不同化雷达资料的控制试验,WRF-3DVar和WRF-POD-4DEnVar试验的降水模拟结果得到明显改善,且WRF-POD-4DEnVar的降水强度更接近实况。两种同化方法通过改变不同的初始要素达到改进降水模拟效果的目的,3DVar方法通过调整初始风场,间接减弱暴雨发生的水汽条件,POD-4DEnVar方法则直接调整湿度场。在降水过程中,同化试验改变了冷空气活动和水汽通量辐合的模拟结果,从而改善降水的模拟效果。POD-4DEnVar方法对局地化半径比较敏感,随局地化半径增大,同化对风场和湿度场的影响范围扩大,当局地化半径取为200 km时,降水模拟的效果最好。   相似文献   

8.
利用睿图-中亚区域数值预报系统(Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis and Prediction System-Central Asia, RMAPS-CA)以及不同的地面气象自动站观测资料进行同化试验,并将试验结果与实况进行对比,旨在通过加密自动站的同化应用来提高RMAPS-CA对于地面要素的预报性能。通过2020年7月为期15天的批量试验结果表明:在保证数据质量的前提下,相比仅同化国家级自动站而言,同化加密自动站后可以有效提高地面温度、湿度和风速的预报准确性。在使用加密自动站的基础上,将RMAPS-CA的地面资料同化方案由原方案改为更新方案后可以降低地面温度预报和风速预报的均方根误差,提升加密自动站的同化应用效果。综上所述,加密自动站的合理使用可以改善RMAPS-CA的预报性能,而同化更新方案可以进一步提高加密自动站观测资料对于数值预报系统的贡献。  相似文献   

9.
探空加密观测资料对西南地区数值预报的影响分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用2013年6月逐日全国探空气象加密观测资料和常规观测资料,WRF模式模拟资料,西南地区地面自动站资料等,采用数值模拟、统计方法和天气学方法,分析了探空气象加密观测资料对数值模拟效果的影响。研究得到:(1)探空资料同化,总体上提高了降水的TS评分值,一定程度降低了降水预报空报率,提高了中雨和大雨的6h累积降水预报准确率。(2)探空资料同化主要使降水区上空位势高度增加,气旋环流减弱,从而影响降水落区和降水强度。(3)探空资料同化减小气象要素分析场和预报场的均方根误差,对高空要素预报的改进在前24h较明显,尤其是前6h,对地面气象要素预报在整个积分时段内总体呈现正效果作用。  相似文献   

10.
赵虹  秦正坤  王金成  刘寅 《气象学报》2015,73(4):749-765
同化地面观测资料能够获得丰富的地面大气信息,这对于大气边界层的准确模拟尤为重要。由于地面观测资料同化一直受到地面观测资料质量较差的影响,因此,地面观测资料的质量控制是提高地面资料同化效果的重要方法之一。为了分析基于经验正交函数分解质量控制方法(Empirical Orthogonal Function quality control,EOF-QC)对地面资料同化效果的影响,并进一步检验该方法在实际同化试验中的应用效果,在WRF的三维变分同化系统中引入了经验正交函数分解质量控制法,同时通过一系列同化试验比较了经验正交函数分解质量控制法与原系统自带的基于观测与模拟偏差质量控制法(Observation Minus Background quality control,OMB-QC)的差异。2008年1和7月的多个强降水预报试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法能够保留更多天气系统的有效观测信息,更为客观准确地反映大气真实状态;同化经过经验正交函数分解质量控制法后的观测资料,模式预报的温度降低,在北部形成一个气旋性环流,该环流底部的偏西气流带动北部冷空气东移入海,同时冷空气南下也削弱了带有丰富水汽的西南气流,从而使模式预报的降水范围和强度更加合理。降水的空间分布对比结果也表明,经验正交函数质量控制法改善了模式对降水落区和强度的预报能力,各个量级的降水评分有明显提高,模拟结果更接近于实况。各组数值模拟试验结果表明,经验正交函数分解质量控制法在WRF-3DVAR中具有较高的应用潜力。  相似文献   

11.
利用国家气象中心中尺度业务数值预报模式GRAPES-MESO v3.0,以2010年6月1~30日为例,开展地面降水率1DVAR(one-dimensional variational assimilation)同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR(three-dimensional variational assimilation)同化系统中的应用试验研究(ASSI试验),并以未加降水资料同化的试验为对照试验(CNTL试验),以评估全国1h加密雨量资料在模式中同化应用的效果。结果表明:1)在相对湿度背景误差和降水率观测误差范围内,1DVAR同化方案能够对湿度廓线进行有意义的调整,使分析降水向观测降水靠近;ASSI试验对初始温、压、湿、风场的修正主要为正效果;2)对2010年6月17~21日江南、华南连续性降水过程进行了分析,整体而言ASSI试验对逐日及逐时降水强度的预报普遍强于CNTL试验,与实况更加接近;3)ASSI试验对2010年6月1~30日08时起报的0~24 h模式预报的小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨、大暴雨各个降水量级TS评分及ETS评分相比CNTL试验均有较明显提高,预报偏差也更接近于1;4)ASSI试验较CNTL试验能更好地模拟雨带的分布、雨带演变特征和降水强度的变化;5)对降水所做的典型个例和统计检验分析从不同角度说明了地面降水资料1DVAR同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR系统中的应用改善了GRAPES-MESO v3.0的降水模拟效果。  相似文献   

12.
变分同化方法反演海气耦合模型参数的研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
采用变分资料同化技术,结合最优控制思想,对一个海气耦合模型的模式参数和强迫项进行了反演。结果表明,采用该方法对模式进行优化,既可以补偿模式参数不准确性给预报带来的误差,又可以对模式参数本身进行修正和估计,为将来在实际应用中改善更复杂的预报模式、提高预报准确率提供了一个可借鉴的思路。  相似文献   

13.
The present study designs experiments on the direct assimilation of radial velocity and reflectivity data collected by an S-band Doppler weather radar (CINRAD WSR-98D) at the Hefei Station and the reanalysis data produced by the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the WRF model with a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system and the WRF model with an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) data assimilation system. In addition, the present study analyzes a Meiyu front heavy rainfall process that occurred in the Yangtze -Huaihe River Basin from July 4 to July 5, 2003, through numerical simulation. The results show the following. (1) The assimilation of the radar radial velocity data can increase the perturbations in the low-altitude atmosphere over the heavy rainfall region, enhance the convective activities and reduce excessive simulated precipitation. (2) The 3DVAR assimilation method significantly adjusts the horizontal wind field. The assimilation of the reflectivity data improves the microphysical quantities and dynamic fields in the model. In addition, the assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can better adjust the wind fields and improve the intensity and location of the simulated radar echo bands. (3) The EnSRF assimilation method can assimilate more small-scale wind field information into the model. The assimilation of the reflectivity data alone can relatively accurately forecast the rainfall centers. In addition, the assimilation of the radial velocity and reflectivity data can improve the location of the simulated radar echo bands. (4) The use of the 3DVAR and EnSRF assimilation methods to assimilate the radar radial velocity and reflectivity data can improve the forecast of precipitation, rain-band areal coverage and the center location and intensity of precipitation.  相似文献   

14.
Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems (MCS) along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves.  相似文献   

15.
该文简要介绍GRAPES三维变分同化技术在MM5数值预报中的应用;利用2003年3月至2003年5月华东地区138个台站实况资料与其预报结果,评价了该模式系统对华东地区降水的预报结果,分析了三维变分同化对MM5数值预报结果的可能影响。结果表明,GRAPES三维变分同化方案是比较合理的,同化后模式对华东大部分地区的降水24 h预报比没有使用同化的总体情况要好;同样,同化后模式对华东大部分地区的晴雨预报准确率较高。  相似文献   

16.
Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems (MCS) along the mei-yu front in China.The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves.  相似文献   

17.
Summary ?The status and progress of the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) are briefly reviewed focusing on application to prediction of mesoscale/storm-scale atmospheric phenomena. Theoretical background is provided for each important component of the 4DVAR system – forecast and adjoint models, observations, background, cost function, preconditioning, and minimization. An overview of practical issues specific for mesoscale/storm-scale 4DVAR is then presented in terms of high-resolution observations, nonlinearity and discontinuity problem, model error, errors from lateral boundary condition, and precipitation assimilation. Practical strategies for efficient and simplified 4DVAR are also introduced, e.g., incremental 4DVAR, poor man’s 4DVAR, and inverse 3DVAR. A new concept on hybrid approach is proposed to combine an efficient 4DVAR scheme and the standard 4DVAR scheme aiming at reducing computational demand required by the standard 4DVAR while improving the accuracy of the simplified 4DVAR. Applications to both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic models are illustrated and our vision on opportunities and directions for future research is provided. Received March 12, 2001; revised July 24, 2001; accepted September 5, 2001  相似文献   

18.
The three-/four-dimensional variational data assimilation systems (3/4DVAR) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were explored in the forecasting of two Antarctic synoptic cyclones, which had large influence on the Ross Sea/Ross Ice Shelf region in October 2007. A suite of variational data assimilation experiments, including regular 3DVAR, high-resolution 3DVAR, and 4DVAR experiments, were designed to evaluate their performances in weather analysis and forecasting in Antarctica. In general, both 4DVAR and high-resolution 3DVAR experiments showed better forecasting skill than regular 3DVAR experiments. High-resolution 3DVAR experiments were the most efficient in reducing the analysis errors of surface winds and temperature, and had the best performance during the first 24 h of forecasting. However, during the following forecast period, 4DVAR experiments showed either better or about comparable performance to high-resolution 3DVAR experiments. These results indicate that increasing the spatial resolution during 3DVAR is an economical approach to improving the weather analysis and forecasting over Antarctica. At the same time, the 4DVAR approach had a longer impact on forecasting than the high-resolution 3DVAR approach. Understandably, both of the variational assimilation approaches are promising techniques toward improving the regional analysis and forecasting over Antarctica.  相似文献   

19.
资料同化方法的理论发展及应用综述   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
简单介绍了资料同化的概念、功能及分类,回顾了资料同化的发展历程,对各个时期发展的各种方法的理论进行了概述,并指出了每种方法的优缺点及应用进展。目前,三维变分在业务上得到了广泛的应用和推广,随着研究的深入和计算机水平的不断提高,四维变分和集合Kalman滤波在将来业务预报中有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

20.
针对青藏高原地区气象观测站点稀少和模式同化分析质量较低的问题,将GRAPES区域集合变分(En-3DVAR)混合同化系统应用于青藏高原地区,进行了单点理想试验和真实观测资料同化分析预报试验,分析评估青藏高原混合同化分析增量及预报误差的水平垂直结构特征及其合理性,并与中国东部平原地区进行比对。单点理想试验表明,En-3DVAR混合同化系统中背景误差协方差具备流依赖属性。真实资料混合同化试验结果表明,基于集合预报估计的分析增量具有流依赖的特征,特别是在高原地区和槽脊系统附近;青藏高原地区分析场的绝对误差总体低于3DVAR系统,其平均绝对误差在中层和高层低于平原地区,说明在青藏高原地区的改进效果略优于平原地区。需要关注的是,青藏高原地区En-3DVAR混合同化分析增量总体大于3DVAR,特别是近地面层u风分量分析增量明显偏大,这可能与青藏高原复杂地形有关。  相似文献   

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