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1.
贺兰山地区沙尘气溶胶粒子谱分布的观测研究   总被引:52,自引:4,他引:52       下载免费PDF全文
1996年至1999年4年间的4月和5月,在贺兰山的东西两侧沙漠地区用APS-3310A型激光空气动力学粒子谱仪进行了大气气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度的观测,取得了大量背景大气、浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下的沙尘粒子谱分布资料,通过统计分析研究,总结出不同沙漠地区不同沙尘天气条件下的大气气溶胶粒子谱的分布规律。  相似文献   

2.
上海夏季大气气溶胶观测和分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
张维  邵德民  沈爱华 《大气科学》1990,14(2):225-231
本文介绍了1986年夏季上海大气气溶胶粒子观测结果,分析表明,该地区大气气溶胶绝大部分为细粒态;粒子谱分布符合Junge分布;粗、细粒子浓度及其对气溶胶质量的贡献大小与天气状况和气象因子关系较密切;降雨对气溶胶的冲刷作用与雨强有紧密关系。  相似文献   

3.
敦煌地区春季大气气溶胶粒子数浓度的分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
利用2002年春季在敦煌地区戈壁沙漠和绿洲农田观测的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度资料, 分析了它与沙尘天气的关系、谱分布特征以及两种地表下粒子数浓度的差异.结果表明, 不同天气条件下的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度有着不同的特征.在背景天气下, 敦煌地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度通常在104L-1以下, 其中以直径在0.5~1.0 μm之间的极细颗粒为主, 绿洲农田细粒子(直径<3.0 μm)的数浓度高于戈壁沙漠, 而较粗粒子(直径>3.0 μm)则相反.当沙尘天气发生时, 该地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度增大到105 L-1以上, 直径在1.0~3.0 μm之间的细粒子变为其主要成分, 戈壁沙漠4档的粒子数浓度均高于绿洲农田, 3.0 μm以上的较粗粒子两地的差异更大.  相似文献   

4.
贺兰山地区大气气溶胶光学特征研究   总被引:24,自引:9,他引:24  
牛生杰  孙继明 《高原气象》2001,20(3):298-301
利用M-120型太阳光度表的观测资料并结合有关资料,分析了贺兰山地区大气气溶胶的光学特征,并对在各类天气条件下,大气气溶胶光学厚度以及Angstrom浑浊度系数和波长指数的变化规律进行了讨论。利用实测地面大气气溶胶粒子谱资料,探讨了大气气溶胶粒子数浓度与Angstrom浑浊系数β之间的关系以及大气气溶胶粒子几可平均尺度与波长指数α之间的相关关系。  相似文献   

5.
马新成  田伟红  张磊  张蔷 《气象科技》2011,39(6):685-691
2004年秋季在北京地区利用机载大气气溶胶粒子探头进行了大气气溶胶观测,获得了0~7 km气溶胶细粒子数浓度和尺度谱分布的垂直、水平变化特征.结果表明:北京地区上空气溶胶粒子数浓度在1 km左右高度以下的混合层内有均匀的分布,明显递减层的高度范围约在1~2 km之间,2 km以上随高度递减很小,高层气溶胶数浓度变化不大...  相似文献   

6.
重庆冬季大气气溶胶的物理、化学特征   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
利用2001—2002年重庆冬季大气气溶胶粒子观测资料,分析了气溶胶粒子的数浓度、质量浓度、谱分布、化学元素组成及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,重庆冬季大气气溶胶数浓度与我国其他大城市处于同一水平,大于0.3μm气溶胶粒子的平均数浓度为225.3个/cm^3(最大337.8个/cm^3);冷空气入侵和降水是局地气溶胶的主要清除机制,雾的存在可以显著地改变气溶胶数浓度的一般日变化规律;PM10占TSP(Total Suspended Particles,总悬浮颗粒物)质量浓度的60%~80%;人为污染元素S、zn、As、Ph等在细粒子中富集较高。  相似文献   

7.
南京冬季大气气溶胶的物理特征   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
根据1993年11月15日-12月-10日南京北部的大气气溶胶粒子的连续观测资料,分析了大气气溶胶粒子的浓度,日变化,日际变化,谱分布以及降水对大气气溶胶粒子的湿沉降清除。  相似文献   

8.
亚青会期间南京地区大气冰核的观测分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
高任杰  银燕  蒋惠  袁亮  李琦 《气象科学》2017,37(2):141-150
2013年8月2—26日亚青会期间对南京地区进行了大气冰核的观测采样,同时结合气溶胶、气象要素等观测资料,研究了南京地区大气冰核浓度的分布特征,探究在污染管控措施下大气气溶胶的变化是否对冰核浓度产生影响。结果表明,大气气溶胶浓度在污染管控的措施下明显降低,冰核浓度在多种因素影响下没有明显降低的变化趋势,但有明显的日变化特征。燃放烟花的空气污染时刻,大气冰核浓度随污染物浓度的增加会明显增加。当活化湿度达到水面过饱和,温度范围为-12~-23℃时,南京夏季的冰核浓度范围为0.38~50.55 L~(-1)。将活化温度和冰面过饱和度同时加入到参数化公式中得到大气冰核浓度N(T,S_i)=0.003 1exp(-0.254 9T+0.161 6S_i)。进一步分析冰核浓度与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、PM_(10)-PM_(2.5)的关系,发现冰核浓度与PM_(10)-PM_(2.5)的相关性较高,相关系数为0.55,说明大粒径气溶胶粒子更容易充当冰核,大粒径气溶胶在冷云过程中起着更为重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
中国西部大气清洁地区黑碳气溶胶的观测研究   总被引:48,自引:2,他引:46  
黑碳气溶胶是大气气溶胶中的重要成分,对可见光和红外光都具有强烈吸收作用,对气溶胶的局地及全球的气候效应有重要的贡献。本文给出了1994年7月到1995年底在瓦里关本底台进行的黑碳气溶胶观测结果,结合气象观测资料以及在我国东部地区的部分观测结果对该地区大气中的黑碳气溶胶浓度及其变化特点进行了讨论分析。瓦里关山地区的大气黑碳气溶胶月平均浓度为130~300 ng/m3,大大低于我国东部地区;该地区大气中黑碳气溶胶浓度的变化明显地与来自工业及人口集中地区的污染气团的影响有关,不同风向时的黑碳气溶胶浓度水平有明显的差异;由最大出现频数统计分析得出该地区大气黑碳气溶胶的本底浓度范围为50~120 ng/m3;冬季该地区大气黑碳气溶胶的平均浓度和本底浓度都较低,而春季较高。  相似文献   

10.
北京及周边地区2004年8、9月间大气气溶胶分布特征观测分析   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
对2004年的8、9月间机载PMS系统在北京及周边地区进行的不同天气状况下的8次气溶胶飞行观测资料进行了分析。结果表明,此观测期间,近地层以轻雾、霾为主。气溶胶浓度最大值的量级为102-104cm-3。阴天状况下气溶胶浓度最大,可达12 169 cm-3;晴空时最小,为783 cm-3。平均气溶胶浓度为102-103cm-3;直径最大值主要集中在0.28-0.47μm,平均值集中在0.21-0.31μm;风速较小的晴天和阴天都有可能使气溶胶浓度出现高值。大气有逆温层存在时,逆温层底有气溶胶粒子的明显累积。气溶胶粒子浓度谱为单峰分布。  相似文献   

11.
Precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles is an important removal process in the atmosphere that can change aerosol physical and optical properties. This paper analyzes the changes in aerosol physical and optical properties before and after four rain events using in situ observations of mass concentration, number concentration, particle size distribution, scattering and absorption coefficients of aerosols in June and July 2013 at the Xianghe comprehensive atmospheric observation station in China. The results show the effect of rain scavenging is related to the rain intensity and duration, the wind speed and direction. During the rain events, the temporal variation of aerosol number concentration was consistent with the variation in mass concentration, but their size-resolved scavenging ratios were different. After the rain events, the increase in aerosol mass concentration began with an increase in particles with diameter 0.8 μm [measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer(APS)], and fine particles with diameter 0.1 μm [measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS)]. Rainfall was most efficient at removing particles with diameter ~0.6 μm and greater than 3.5 μm. The changes in peak values of the particle number distribution(measured using the SMPS) before and after the rain events reflect the strong scavenging effect on particles within the 100–120 nm size range. The variation patterns of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients before and after the rain events were similar, but their scavenging ratios differed, which may have been related to the aerosol particle size distribution and chemical composition.  相似文献   

12.
南京市主城区大气颗粒物来源探讨   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
在2005-05-03——05-27期间,用Anderson九级采样器在南京市两个采样点采集大气气溶胶样品,同时进行了部分排放源的采集。用X射线—荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析得到气样及源样中PM10的化学成分,分析了南京市大气气溶胶的元素质量谱分布,进行了PM10的富集因子分析,并应用化学质量平衡法(CMB)计算各类源对气溶胶PM10的贡献。结果表明,各类污染源对南京市气溶胶PM10的贡献率分别为:建筑尘(35.45%)、煤烟尘(22.13%)、土壤尘(20.27%)、硫酸盐(5.43%)、汽车尘(4.61%)、海盐(1.91%)、冶炼尘(1.69%)、其它源(8.51%)。文中还结合了南京市TSP和PM2.5的来源解析结果,分析了南京市不同粒径气溶胶颗粒物的污染特征。  相似文献   

13.
The second Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE‐2) was aimed at investigating the physical, chemical and radiative properties of aerosol and their evolution in the North Atlantic region. In the 2nd "Lagrangian" experiment, an air mass was tracked over a 30‐h period during conditions of extensive stratocumulus cover. Boundary‐layer measurements of the aerosol size distribution obtained with a passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP) during the experiment show a gradual growth in size of particles in the 0.1–0.2 μm diameter mode. Simultaneously, SO2 concentrations were found to decrease sharply from 800 to 20 ppt. The fraction of sulphate in aerosol ionic mass increased from 0.68±0.07 to 0.82±0.09 for small particles (diameter below 1.7 μm) and from 0.21±0.04 to 0.34±0.03 for large particles (diameter above 1.7 μm). The measurements were compared with a multicyclic parcel model of gas phase diffusion into cloud droplets and aqueous phase chemical reactions. The model was able to broadly reproduce the observed transformation in the aerosol spectra and the timescale for the transformation of SO2 to sulphate aerosol. The modelled SO2 concentration in the boundary layer fell to below half its initial value over a 6.5‐h time period due to a combination of the entrainment of cleaner tropospheric air and cloud chemical reactions. NH3 and HCl gas were also found to play an important rôle in cloud processing in the model.  相似文献   

14.
2008年北京奥运会期间大气气溶胶物理特征分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
应用MODIS卫星的气溶胶产品资料和地面的光学粒子计数器的资料,对比分析了北京地区2006、2007、2008年7~9月的气溶胶光学厚度、细粒子光学厚度、Angstrom指数、气溶胶粒子数浓度谱及体积谱,发现2008年北京奥运会期间(7月20日~9月20日)的气溶胶光学厚度比2006、2007年同期明显降低,气溶胶细模态光学厚度占总光学厚度的比上升,Angstrom指数上升,气溶胶细粒子数浓度没有明显相对变化,而粗粒子数浓度则减少约50%.利用大气标高,将MODIS反演的气溶胶柱的质量浓度转化为地面气溶胶质量浓度.用粒子计数器得到的体积谱,在假定气溶胶粒子密度的情况下,计算出其质量浓度.将这两种方法得到的气溶胶质量浓度与国家环境保护部公布的空气质量指数换算得到的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)质量浓度进行比较.结果表明:北京奥运期间空气质量总体达到了国家二级空气质量标准;与2006、2007年同期相比,2008年气溶胶PM10质量浓度明显下降,而这主要是由气溶胶粗粒子的减少引起的.  相似文献   

15.
Nucleation scavenging and the formation of a cloud interstitial aerosol (CIA) were theoretically studied in terms of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles. For this study, we used our air-parcel cloud model, which includes the entrainment of air and detailed microphysics, for determining the growth and interaction of aerosol particles and drops. Maritime and remote continental aerosol particle spectrums were used whose size distributions were superpositions of three log-normal distributions, each of a prescribed chemical composition. Our results show (1) that the CIA exhibits a size distribution with a distinctive cut-off at a specific radius of the dry as well as of the wet particle size distribution. All particles above this limiting size become activated to cloud drops and, thus, are not present in the CIA spectrum. This limiting size was found to be independent of the chemical composition of the particles and only dependent on the prevailing supersaturation. Below this specific size, the CIA spectrum becomes depleted of dry aerosol particles in a manner which does depend on their chemical composition and on the supersaturation in the air. (2) The number of aerosol particles nucleated to cloud drops depends critically on the chemical composition of the particles and on the prevailing supersaturation.  相似文献   

16.
利用2014年7月黄山光明顶观测获得的气溶胶数浓度、气溶胶数谱数据,对黄山夏季气溶胶数浓度及谱分布特征进行分析,并在此基础上对气溶胶数谱进行了对数正态分布拟合。研究结果表明:黄山夏季气溶胶平均数浓度约为3 518.27 cm~(-3),主要集中在爱根核模态;气溶胶平均数浓度日变化呈双峰分布,峰值浓度的出现伴随着小粒子的增多。气溶胶数浓度与相对湿度和风速成负相关,高浓度的气溶胶多出现在较弱的东南风时;积聚模态气溶胶数浓度受风向影响显著。不同气团背景下气溶胶数谱差异集中在小于100 nm和500~1 000 nm粒径范围。爱根核模态气溶胶在高湿的西南气团影响下数浓度最低、谱较窄,而高温、低湿的东南气团对应的气溶胶数浓度最高、谱最宽,北方气团对应的气溶胶数浓度和谱宽居中;500~1 000 nm粒径范围气溶胶数谱分布特征与之相反。不同背景的气溶胶数谱和体积谱均可采用爱根模态、积聚模态1和积聚模态2三个模态进行对数正态分布拟合,但不同气团背景下的各模态谱型参数差异较大。  相似文献   

17.
2016年11月13日在北京地区上空存在持续稳定的层状云天气背景下,利用飞机开展气溶胶粒径谱、化学组成、云滴谱等参量的垂直观测,研究该个例云底气溶胶的活化能力。结果表明:探测期间北京地区为轻度污染天气,地面气溶胶浓度(0.11~3 μm)达到4600 cm-3。云层高度为800~1200 m,云底气溶胶数浓度相对于近地面大幅度降低,有效粒径显著增大(0.3~0.6 μm)。同时,近地面气溶胶中疏水性的一次有机气溶胶贡献显著,而云底气溶胶中一次有机气溶胶的贡献大幅降低,无机组分和二次有机气溶胶的贡献明显增大,造成吸湿性参数κ由0.25(地面)增大至0.32(云底)。云中气溶胶和云滴的谱分布衔接较好,且两者的数浓度之和与云底气溶胶浓度一致,可分别代表未活化和已活化的粒子。基于云底气溶胶粒径谱和吸湿性参数计算得到不同过饱和比下云凝结核的活化率,通过与云中观测结果对比,反推得到云底过饱和度约为0.048%。  相似文献   

18.
During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO4 accounted for 23% and NH4 for 14%. NO3 and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.  相似文献   

19.
中国大气气溶胶研究综述   总被引:108,自引:3,他引:108  
文中综合论述了近 2 0年来中国大气气溶胶研究状况 ,包括对大气气溶胶的直接采样分析 ,地面和卫星的遥感 ,大气气溶胶辐射特性及其气候效应的研究以及沙尘暴的形成、输送及气候效应的研究等。直接采样分析不仅研究了气溶胶的浓度和粒子谱分布等特性 ,而且也对其化学组分做了分析 ,高空气球采样得到了对流层和低平流层的气溶胶样品 ,并用X能谱电子显微镜进行了分析。地面遥感和多种卫星资料 ,包括AVHRR ,SVISSR ,TOMS ,POLDER等 ,被用来研究大气气溶胶的辐射特性 ,并提出了用消光和前向散射相结合和利用天空散射光分布反演粒子谱分布相函数等方法。开展了有关气溶胶气候效应的数值模拟研究 ,并对非球形粒子以及吸湿性粒子的作用做了专门的计算。对沙尘粒子的直接观测为研究其生成条件和输送特性提供了基础数据。文中对不同的研究方法进行了初步评述 ,并对气溶胶的研究提出几点建议。  相似文献   

20.
《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):225-240
During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO4 accounted for 23% and NH4 for 14%. NO3 and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.  相似文献   

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