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1.
利用东亚地区逐日降水资料,评估了17个CMIP5气候模式对中国东部夏季不同强度降水的时空分布、不同强度降水对1970年代末中国东部夏季总降水量年代际转折的贡献的模拟能力。从夏季不同强度降水占总降水的比重来看,在中国东北和华北地区,小雨和中雨占主导;而在华南和江淮地区,大雨和暴雨则相对更为重要。CMIP5模式可大致模拟出中国东部小雨、大雨和暴雨占总降水比重的空间分布,但对中雨占比的空间分布模拟较差。总体说来,多数CMIP5模式高估了小雨和中雨的比重,但低估了大雨和暴雨的比重,从而导致大多数模式高估东北和华北的总降水量,而低估华南和江淮的总降水量。对1970年代末我国华北和江淮地区夏季降水量的年代际转折,观测资料表明该转折主要体现为大雨和暴雨雨量的年代际转折;仅有少数CMIP5模式能模拟出华北大雨和暴雨年代际减少的特征,使得这些模式对华北地区总降水的年代际变化也有较好的模拟能力。对于江淮区域,由于大雨和暴雨的比重被严重低估,尽管部分模式能模拟出夏季总降水量年代际增加的特征,但却多以小雨、中雨的年代际变化为主。多模式集合并不能显著提高模式对不同强度降水的空间分布的模拟能力,尤其是降水年代际变化的模拟能力。  相似文献   

2.
采用15个常规气象站1961-2010年逐日降水数据资料,分析了北京地区降水量、降水日数和降水强度的变化趋势,包括年和各季节的总降水量和降水日数,不同降水级别降水量、降水日数和降水强度变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明:在近50年内,北京地区平均年降水量和年降水日数、年降水强度均呈下降趋势;各季节中,夏季的降水量呈明显下降趋势,春季降水日数略有增加,夏季略有减少;降水强度在春季增大和夏季减小趋势明显;小雨雨量变化不明显,中雨雨量呈增加趋势,大雨和暴雨雨量呈明显降低趋势;小雨降雨日数略呈减小趋势,中雨降水日数呈显著增加趋势,大雨和暴雨降水日数呈较明显降低趋势;小雨降水强度略呈上升趋势,而大雨和暴雨的降水强度呈明显的降低趋势。  相似文献   

3.
1960~2008年江西省极端降水变化趋势   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
利用江西省17个国家级台站1960~2008年逐日降水量资料,对日降水量超过绝对阈值(25mm和50mm)和百分位数阈值(95%和99%)的极端降水变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,江西省近50年极端降水频率和强度均呈波动上升趋势,大雨和强降水频率的增加最为迅速,暴雨和极端强降水事件强度增加最大;夏季各种极端降水事件频率均有明显升高;冬季大雨和强降水事件频率也有显著增加;春季和秋季极端降水强度有明显增加,特别是暴雨和极端强降水事件强度增加迅速;夏季暴雨和极端强降水强度有所降低或略有增加;江西省极端降水的频率和强度变化趋势较为一致,特别是1990年代;极端降水的增加以发生频数的增加为主,降水强度的增加并不显著;近50年江西省大部分地区的极端降水事件频率和强度均有增加,但高值区的分布有较大的差异。极端强降水事件强度在鄱阳湖平原附近减小,而在周边的大部分地区呈增长趋势。进一步的分析发现,极端降水强度的变化与地形有显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

4.
近45年来河北省极端降水事件的变化研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
高霞  王宏  于成文  戴新刚  史丽红 《气象》2009,35(7):10-15
利用河北省1961-2005年逐日降水资料,采用通用的极端气候指数,分析了近45年河北省极端降水事件频率变化的时空特征.结果表明,全省平均年最大日降水量呈下降趋势,1980年为由多向少的转折点;强降水日数和暴雨日数变化不大,但南部平原地区一般减少,北部山地区域多有增加,暴雨日数和强度在1990年代中后期显著增加;降水日数有较明显减少,南部和东南部平原减少更显著;降水日数的减少主要是中、小雨(雪)日数减少造成的.这些结果说明,河北省强降水日数和暴雨日数在降水日数中的比重有增大趋势,强降水量和暴雨降水量在总降水量中的比重可能增加了.这种相对增加趋势主要发生在1990年代中期以后.  相似文献   

5.
渭河、汉水流域秋季降水的变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
 利用渭河、汉水流域28个台站1956-2004年逐日降水资料以及1951-2005年月平均降水资料,分析了渭河、汉水流域秋季降水的变化特征。结果表明:渭河、汉水流域秋季降水具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征;9月和10月平均降水日数相当,9月降水以小到中雨为主,10月以小雨为主。秋季降水日数有减少趋势,10月的减少趋势更为显著;秋季暴雨强度近几十年有增加趋势,9月降水强度变化显著,10月降水强度变化幅度较小;10月降水强度有增加趋势,但中雨强度有减小趋势。  相似文献   

6.
汤强  甘庆辉  许薇 《湖北气象》2011,(3):277-281
根据汕头1962—2008年汛期逐日降水量资料,使用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验、小波分析等方法,分析汕头汛期降水量与各级别降水频率及其贡献率的趋势、年代际变化和周期变化特征。结果表明:近47年,汕头汛期降水量呈显著线性上升趋势;各级别降水频率中,小雨和暴雨呈线性减小趋势,中雨、大雨和大暴雨呈线性增加...  相似文献   

7.
华北汛期日降水特性的变化分析   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
基于中国740站逐日降水资料, 使用线性倾向估计、 Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法, 分析了华北汛期降水量、 5类汛期降水频率及其贡献率的趋势特征和年代际变化, 揭示出一些比较有意义的新事实, 结果如下: 华北汛期降水量、 5类降水频率及其贡献率都有一定的下降趋势, 华北汛期降水量下降趋势最明显。5类降水频率的下降趋势, 表现出明显的渐变特点, 其中, 小雨频率下降趋势最大, 暴雨频率和大暴雨频率的下降趋势并不显著。5类降水贡献率下降趋势中, 华北暴雨贡献率下降趋势最大。50年来, 华北汛期大雨贡献率最大, 接近于总降水的1/3。华北汛期降水量的多寡主要受其汛期大雨的频率和暴雨的贡献率影响。华北汛期降水量和暴雨贡献率都在1978年前后发生了年代际突变, 华北暴雨贡献率的年代际突变是造成华北汛期降水量发生年代际突变的内在因素。  相似文献   

8.
华北地区雨季极端降水量的非均匀性特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用1957-2011年华北地区50个站日降水资料,分析极端降水量的集中度和集中期,探讨华北地区雨季极端降水的非均匀性特征。结果表明:华北地区极端降水量东南部大,西北部小;集中度也为东部大,西部小,即东部地区极端降水较集中,西部地区较分散。极端降水多出现在7月下旬,即华北的主汛期。极端降水量和集中度呈显著减小趋势,集中期减小趋势不显著。华北地区雨季极端降水量的集中度和集中期与同期极端降水量有较好的相关关系,极端降水量越多,极端降水出现越集中,且出现时间越晚;反之亦然。这种关系在环渤海湾地区最显著。分析京津唐地区极端降水发现,极端降水量及其集中度、集中期均呈显著减少趋势。京津唐地区极端降水量在20世纪90年代中期出现突变,90年代后,极端降水量明显减少,且更分散,集中期主要表现为提前。  相似文献   

9.
选取内蒙古具有代表性的71个地面气象站1961—2013年逐日降水及平均降水量资料,计算各等级降水日数,分析不同时间尺度及等级极端降水时空变化分布特征。结果表明:近53a内蒙古地区降水日数和小雨日数均呈减少趋势,但暴雨、大雨和中雨出现的概率略增;日和小时短时降水强度增大。20世纪80年代和90年代是中雨、大雨和暴雨多发期,也是日和小时降水强度最大时期,进入21世纪后,强降水发生频次减少。  相似文献   

10.
近56a武汉市降水气候变化特征分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
张意林  覃军  陈正洪 《湖北气象》2008,27(3):253-257
以武汉市1951—2006年逐日降水资料为基础,采用累积距平、线性趋势、移动T检验、5%分位数、小波分析等方法,分析了近56a来武汉市降水气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)近56年来,武汉市年降水量、降水强度呈增加趋势,而降水日数呈减少趋势;(2)除春季外,其它季节以及汛期、梅雨期、伏旱期等时段的降水量均有所增加;降水日数在春、秋季、汛期呈下降趋势,其余时段则为增加趋势;降水强度在夏季、伏早期呈减小趋势,其余时段均为增大趋势;(3)梅雨期、年的降水量变化较为一致,其周期性变化明显,主要表现为10a年代际周期,突变点约在1979年;(4)1960、1970年代暴雨日数较少,在1979年前后突变增多后,进人多暴雨阶段;(5)历年最大日降水量、5%分位数极端降水强度、暴雨平均强度变化略有减少趋势但不显著,而大暴雨平均强度减弱趋势明显。  相似文献   

11.
Interdecadal variation of the relationships between ENSO and the summer interannual climate variability in China is investigated by using techniques of sliding correlation analysis with the tropical Pacific SSTA and the observed surface air temperature and precipitation from stations in China. The results indicate that there are stable and robust relations that the Northern China is relatively dry during the developing phase of ENSO while the Yangtze River valley is relatively wet during the decaying phase of ENSO. On the other hand, interdecadal variations of the relations are also found in other regions. Over the time both prior to the Pacific decadal climate shift (before the late 1970s) and after it (after the late 1970s), during the developing phases of ENSO the summer precipitation anomaly in South China changed from below to above normal, whereas that in Northeast China changed from above to below normal; the summer surface air temperature anomaly in North and Northeast China changed from cooling to warming, whereas that in South China changed to cooling; during the decaying phases of ENSO the North China changed from wetter to dryer while the Huai River valley changed from dryer to normal; North China, Yangtze River valley and South China tend to be warmer. Based on the composite analysis of the NCAR/NCEP reanalyze datasets, significant differences existing in ENSO-related atmospheric circulation anomaly in East Asia during pre- and post-shift periods may be responsible for the interdecadal variation of relationships between ENSO and surface air temperature and precipitation in China.  相似文献   

12.
Decadal Features of Heavy Rainfall Events in Eastern China   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
Based on daily precipitation data, the spatial-temporal features of heavy rainfall events (HREs) during 1960-2009 are investigated. The results indicate that the HREs experienced strong decadal variability in the past 50 years, and the decadal features varied across regions. More HRE days are observed in the 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s over Northeast China (NEC); in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1990s over North China (NC); in the early 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s over the Huaihe River basin (HR); in the 1970s-1990s over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (YR); and in the 1970s and 1990s over South China (SC). These decadal changes of HRE days in eastern China are closely associated with the decadal variations of water content and stratification stability of the local atmosphere. The intensity of HREs in each sub-region is also characterized by strong decadal variability. The HRE intensity and frequency co-vary on the long-term trend, and show consistent variability over NEC, NC, and YR, but inconsistent variability over SC and HR. Further analysis of the relationships between the annual rainfall and HRE frequency as well as intensity indicates that the HRE frequency is the major contributor to the total rainfall variability in eastern China, while the HRE intensity shows only relative weak contribution.  相似文献   

13.
Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation (based on hourly rainfall measurements) has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime.  相似文献   

14.
孙凤华  张耀存  郭兰丽 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1308-1315
利用中国738个台站的降水观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 分析了我国降水和200 hPa东亚副热带西风急流轴的年代际变化特征, 揭示了东亚副热带西风急流位置的南北移动与我国长江流域和华北降水异常之间的联系。结果表明, 我国东部地区夏季(7、 8月)降水异常主要表现为长江中下游地区多(少)雨, 华北及华南地区少(多)雨, 20世纪70年代末80年代初是这种异常分布型发生转折的时间。与此同时, 东亚高空副热带急流轴位置从70年代末开始逐渐偏南, 急流轴位置的变动将引起对流层低层水汽辐合区和高层散度分布以及垂直环流相应的变化, 进而引起降水区域的变化。相关分析发现, 当急流位置偏南时, 25°~35°N西风增强, 42°~50°N西风减弱, 华北夏季降水减少, 长江中下游地区夏季降水增多; 反之, 当急流位置偏北时, 华北夏季降水增多, 长江中下游地区夏季降水减少。与70年代末开始的我国东部地区急流轴位置逐渐南移相对应, 华北地区夏季降水呈现逐渐减少、 长江中下游地区夏季降水呈现逐渐增多的变化趋势。分析低层水汽通量和高层的散度分布以及垂直环流的差异发现, 1980年以来华北地区对流层中低层水汽通量辐合减弱, 水汽供应减少, 垂直上升运动减弱, 造成了华北夏季降水减少, 而长江中下游地区水汽通量辐合增加, 水汽供应增多, 垂直上升运动增强, 导致该地区降水增加。  相似文献   

15.
王欢  李栋梁 《气象学报》2019,77(2):327-345
全球变暖背景下,中国东部夏季降水在20世纪70年代末开始较19世纪呈现东北及长江中、下游地区多雨,华北及华南少雨的特征。与此同时,人类活动排放的CO2及气溶胶量也发生了明显的年代际变化。文中利用地球系统耦合模式(CESM)诊断了中国东部夏季的水分收支对人类活动排放的CO2及气溶胶年代际变化的响应。发现CO2排放量增加后,江淮流域的水汽辐合以及中国南方的水汽辐散主要是与质量辐散有关的动力项及与湿度梯度相关的热力项共同作用的结果,但动力作用更显著。气溶胶效应则主要通过动力作用使得江淮流域水汽辐合,而中国南方地区水汽辐散。虽然CO2和气溶胶对辐射量及温度的影响差别很大,但通过改变温度梯度,热成风效应产生的动力作用都会导致江淮流域上升运动增强,降水增多;而中国南方下沉运动显著,降水减少,与观测结果一致,且CO2相较于气溶胶的影响更为显著,证实了20世纪70年代末人类活动对中国东部夏季降水年代际转折的影响。   相似文献   

16.
Regional trends in recent precipitation indices in China   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
Summary Regional characteristics of recent precipitation indices in China were analyzed from a daily rainfall dataset based on 494 stations during 1961 to 2000. Some indices such as precipitation percentiles, precipitation intensity, and precipitation persistence were used and their inter-decadal differences were shown in this study. Over the last 40 years, precipitation indices in China showed increasing and decreasing trends separated into three main regions. A decreasing trend of annual precipitation and summer precipitation was observed from the southern part of northeast China to the mid-low Yellow River valley and the upper Yangtze River valley. This region also showed a decreasing trend in precipitation intensity and a decreasing trend in the frequency of persistent wet days. On the other hand, increasing trends in precipitation intensity were found in the Xinjiang region (northwest China), the northern part of northeast China, and southeast China, mainly to the south of the mid-low Yangtze River. The indices of persistent wet days and strong rainfall have contributed to the increasing frequency of floods in southeast China and the Xinjiang region in the last two decades. Persistent dry days and weakening rainfall have resulted in the increasing frequency of drought along the Yellow River valley including North China. Regional precipitation characteristics and trends in precipitation indices indicate the climate state variations in the last four decades. A warm-wet climate state was found in northwest China and in the northern part of northeast China. A warm-dry climate state extends from the southern part of northeast China to the Yellow River valley, while a cool-wet summer was found in southeast China, particularly in the mid-low Yangtze River valley over the last two decades.  相似文献   

17.
Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace (no amount), slight (≤ 1 mm d^-1), small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation (〉 1 mm d^-1). The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.  相似文献   

18.
使用分类集合的方法评估了第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)多个耦合模式对中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的模拟性能。结果表明,在评估的38个模式中,仅有6个模式(第1类模式)可以成功再现1970年代末中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的主要特征,即长江流域降水偏多、而华北和华南偏少。这些模式模拟的成功归因于它们能较好再现1970年代末东亚夏季风的年代际减弱及相关的环流场的变化,包括东亚沿海的偏北风异常以及西太平洋副热带高压的偏向西南、强度增强等。而对降水年代际变化模拟很差的第2类模式,则模拟出不出东亚夏季风的这种减弱特征。进一步的分析表明,两类CMIP5模式对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)空间分布特征都有较好的再现能力,但对PDO年代际转变特征的模拟能力则差异较大。第1类模式能很好地模拟出1970年代末热带海洋的增暖和相关的PDO位相由负到正的转换,而第2类模式所模拟的PDO位相转变与观测完全相反,且也不能模拟出热带中东太平洋海洋的年代际增暖及江淮流域夏季的变冷,因此导致该类模式对1970年代末东亚夏季风的减弱和中国东部夏季雨型的年代际转变没有模拟能力。由此也表明,对耦合模式来说,中国夏季降水年代际变化的模拟能力在很大程度上取决于模式对海洋年代际变化信号的模拟。  相似文献   

19.
近百年中国东部夏季降水年代际变化特征及其原因   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
本文利用测站降水观测资料分析过去一百多年中国东部华北、长江流域以及华南夏季降水的年代际变化特征发现,尽管这三个地区的夏季降水具有不同的年代际转折时期,但是均同时在1910年代初期、1920年代初期、1940年代中期、1960年代中期、1970年代末期以及1990年代初期发生了跃变。近一百年间不同年代际时期东部夏季降水的分布型主要以南正北负或者南负北正的偶极型为主,并且无论是偶极型分布还是三极型分布,两个相邻年代际时期中国东部降水分布型发生完全反向变化的概率较高(60%)。此外,夏季的PDO、冬季的AO以及春季的北极海冰也同时在1920年代末期、1940年代中期、1970年代末期以及1990年代中期左右发生了跃变,这几次跃变时期与中国东部三个不同地区夏季降水发生跃变的时期一致,表现出近百年来太平洋年代振荡(PDO)、北极涛动(AO)以及北极海冰这三个因子对中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的协同作用。在年代际时间尺度上,夏季的PDO与华北夏季降水显著负相关。PDO的年代际变化能够在500 hPa位势高度场中激发出太平洋—日本(PJ)型年代际遥相关波列;同时在850 hPa风场中激发出类似于影响华北夏季降水年代际变化的大气环流型,从而影响华北降水的年代际变化。冬半年的AO与长江流域夏季降水存在显著正相关关系。冬季到春季正位相的AO导致亚洲大陆南部处于湿冷状态,土壤湿度的记忆性可将这种状态延续到夏季。因此,夏季海陆热力对比减弱,东亚夏季风发生年代际减弱,相应地长江流域的降水年代际增多。春季北极海冰与华南夏季降水显著负相关,北极海冰的年代际异常能在500 hPa位势高度场中激发出与静止Rossby波异常传播相联系的欧亚—华南年代际遥相关波列,从而影响华南降水的年代际变化。  相似文献   

20.
Decadal variations of summer rainfall during 1951 through 1990 are analyzed by using summer rainfall data of 160 stations in China. Four major patterns of decadal variations are identified. The decadal variations of summer rainfall showed northward shift in the eastern China from South China through the Yangtze-Huaihe River to North China. Summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley underwent two obvious decadal transitions during the 40 years: one from rainy period to drought period in the end of the 1950’s, the other from drought period to rainy period in the late 1970’s. Correspondingly, the atmospheric circulation over East Asia through the western North Pacific showed two similar obvious transitions. The East Asian/ Pacific (EAP) pattern switched from high index to low index in the end of the 1950’s and from low index to high index in the late 1970’s, respectively. Hence, summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley is closely associated with the EAP pattern not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation.  相似文献   

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