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1.
采用区域自动站逐小时降水观测数据、GPS/MET大气可降水量观测数据和NCEP/NCAR提供的FNL0.25°×0.25°分析数据,通过对比塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘和田地区2次落区接近、强度不同暴雨过程的环流和水汽特征,分析了影响极端暴雨产生的急流和水汽因子特征,结果表明:沙漠南缘暴雨时环流配置符合“三支气流”模型,高空急流、中层偏南风、低层辐合切变的强度与降水量正相关,当高层有极涡直接南伸至中亚发展而成的副热带大槽、中层有气旋前部的强偏南或西南气流、低层有偏东风急流明显西伸与西风急流形成强辐合时有利于出现极端暴雨。沙漠南缘暴雨的水汽源地、输送路径、水汽含量、饱和层厚度与降水量相关,暴雨的水汽源地一般为欧洲和北冰洋,降水区水汽输入以中低层为主,低层比湿大于6 g?kg-1,饱和层位于700 hPa以上;当中高层有来自阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾的由偏南风输送水汽的加入,低层比湿达8 g?kg-1以上、饱和层扩展至750 hPa以下时,可出现极端暴雨。  相似文献   

2.
2008年7月14-15日,四川盆地西部"5.12"汶川大地震重灾区在非典型热力条件下出现了一次暴雨天气过程.本文利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对其天气形势及温度层结变化特征进行了详细分析.结果表明:(1)暴雨发生在副热带高压不断西伸的环流背景下,低层偏南气流及其风速脉动对暴雨产生具有重要作用.(2)暴雨开始于850hPa θse下降及大气层结为弱稳定的非典型热力条件下,但700 hPa θse突增使得700-500 hPa对流性不稳定层建立,从而利于对流运动发展;暴雨过程后期,因850 hPa和700 hPa θse急剧下降和大气层结稳定度增大,对流上升受到明显抑制.(3)低层θse锋区和水汽辐合对强降水具有指示意义,暴雨落区位于850 hPa和700 hPa θse锋区前沿,降水中心位于水汽汇合中心附近.  相似文献   

3.
罗玲  何金海  谭言科 《气象科学》2005,25(5):465-473
利用1970~2000年6月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,根据(20~30°N,115~125°E)区域内500 hPa的涡度变化选取了12次西太平洋副热带高压西伸过程,合成了西太平洋副热带高压西伸过程中对流层高层和低层的环流演变特征。结果表明,(20~30°N,115~125°E)区域内500 hPa负涡度的增加对应着西太平洋副热带高压的西伸过程。在副热带高压西伸过程中,对流层高层南亚高压的中心位置虽然稳定少动,但是由于日本东南部反气旋的西移,使得南亚高压东侧的脊明显地加强东伸,这可能对对流层中层副热带高压的西伸具有重要作用。在对流层低层,源于澳大利亚北侧的气流越过赤道向北传播,经由南海季风槽后到达我国江淮流域,从而影响副热带高压西侧的偏南气流。  相似文献   

4.
1981—2000年四川夏季暴雨大尺度环流背景特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用四川盆地及周边地区1981—2000年逐日降雨量资料和ECMWF逐日4次再分析资料,合成分析近20 a发生在四川夏季的22次典型暴雨过程的大尺度环流背景特征。结果表明,四川夏季暴雨的发生具有显著的轴向分布性和区域移动性特征。西伸的西太平洋副热带高压、北上东进的伊朗高压及高原东部的弱高压、活跃的孟加拉低压和影响四川北部的中高纬长波分裂的低压槽共同作用形成了四川暴雨发生阶段的特殊的"鞍"型大尺度环流背景。在"鞍"型大尺度环流背景下,有利于西南支孟加拉湾水汽和南海水汽输送在四川盆地形成低层辐合,同时在高层形成西南—东北的轴向急流辐合带,水汽输送散度负的大值区即为暴雨发生的主要落区。此外,四川北部在两高压相夹下,有利于高纬度大尺度的两高一脊环流调整产生的弱槽携带冷空气影响四川盆地,形成高层弱冷干与低层强暖湿的强垂直对流不稳定。对比40 a四川夏季平均环流可知,导致四川夏季暴雨发生的"鞍"型大尺度环流背景特征极为显著,具体表现为:西太平洋副热带高压西伸到110°E附近,青藏高原西侧伊朗高压偏北、青藏高原高层南压高压偏东,而高原低层有弱高压,四川北部冷槽显著偏南。  相似文献   

5.
本文筛选出四川盆地西部(盆西型)和盆地东部(盆东型)持续性暴雨个例,深入对比两类持续性暴雨的大气环流特征和直接造成持续性暴雨的西南低涡维持的机理.四川盆地的短波槽和西太平洋副热带高压的配置有利于持续性暴雨的维持,盆东型的降水强度较盆西型个例强,高空急流位置偏南,南亚高压的强度更强,高层辐散更强,对流层中层副热带高压偏东偏南.盆西型的水汽输送主要来自南海,而盆东型的水汽输送主要来自南海和孟加拉湾.合成涡度收支的结果表明散度项是两类持续暴雨中西南涡维持的主要原因,但盆西型中,垂直平流的作用更强.  相似文献   

6.
2008年9月四川一次持续暴雨过程触发及维持特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用NCEP1°×1°6h再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2008年9月22—27日四川盆地持续性暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:副热带高压、东北冷涡、低空切变、青藏高原东部高空槽以及台风是影响此次暴雨过程的主要天气系统;来源于南海及孟加拉湾的低层偏南气流提供了稳定的水汽输送;暴雨前期850hPaθse场呈典型的"Ω"形分布;强烈的上升运动触发不稳定能量释放,有利于强降水天气的发生发展。  相似文献   

7.
本文对2004年9月3~5日发生在四川盆地东北部一次区域性暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析,分析认为造成"9.3"暴雨的主要原因有以下几点:(1)西太平洋副热带高压与台风"桑达"共同作用下在四川盆地东北部形成了强阻塞气流;(2)云贵高原到四川盆地的西南低空急流将南方高温、高湿空气源源不断地向输送四川盆地,为四川盆地东北部暴雨提供了充沛的水汽;(3)500hPa四川盆地北侧的高空切变和700hPa西南低涡是"9.3"暴雨的主要影响系统.  相似文献   

8.
1990年8月11—13日甘肃省黄河干流以东(简称河东)地区出现了暴雨天气过程。天气形势分析发现:暴雨出现在500hPa 最大西南风轴线右侧和700hPa 兰州低涡的强辐合区内。这是一次大环流调整后的西太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬以及冷暖空气在其边缘交馁的结果。应用熵平衡方程,并配合水汽通量散度、涡度的计算发现,暴雨区位于熵的负值中心和水汽汇的叠置区域中,且暴雨区的移向与熵的负值中心一致。  相似文献   

9.
利用NECP FNL全球再分析资料和四川省区域自动站降水资料,选取北川羌族自治县2016~2019年8次典型暴雨天气过程,对暴雨过程的环流背景、水汽条件、动力条件、热力条件进行诊断分析,结果表明:(1)北川以地形暴雨为主,多夜雨,短时强降水特征显著。(2)暴雨环流形势以“东高西低”和“两高切变”型为主,低涡、短波槽和副热带高压相互作用,近地面川东及重庆南部常维持热低压,与西北路径经青藏高原入侵的冷空气交汇对峙。(3)对于全域性暴雨,850hPa低空急流多偏南,轴中心位于106°E,若以暖平流为主,则降雨量级大;对于区域性暴雨,850hPa低空急流不明显,700hPa急流位置偏北,强度偏弱,冷暖平流相当。(4)北川常处于水汽通量辐合中心,尤其是大暴雨和特大暴雨发生时北川地区垂直速度和垂直螺旋度均明显增大;同时,105°~110°E低空表现为高温高湿,而高空表现为干冷位势不稳定,雨区位于能量锋区边缘。  相似文献   

10.
2008年宁夏久旱转雨天气过程诊断分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2008年7月中旬宁夏久旱转雨过程的环流演变及各种物理量场特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:干旱期宁夏上空长期维持稳定的"西高东低"环流型;大尺度环流形势的调整,特别是中纬度环流形势向"东高西低"转变,是久旱转雨的必要条件。进一步分析发现,这次过程是典型的西太平洋副热带高压(副高)北抬西伸型,副高584 dagpm外围的"SW"气流增强,也与高空冷槽、低空急流、低涡切变和不稳定层结(能量)的发展等有关;久旱转雨时水汽、热力、动力等物理量场的变化也较明显,降水产生在低层高能舌、水汽辐合带及低层辐合、高层辐散的上升气流区内。在此基础上,提出了宁夏夏季久旱转雨预报概念模型及预报着眼点。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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