共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
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陈磊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):39-44
为加强新疆戈壁地区云的自动观测,利用辐射传输模式SBDART和新疆博湖地区历史气候资料,分析了当地大气向下红外辐射对大气影响因子的敏感性和利用全天空红外辐射进行云识别分类的可行性,并提出了一种基于典型云族红外阈值的云分类方法。结果表明：（1）水汽、云、天顶角、能见度等对中红外波段向下红外辐射值都有较大影响;（2）当能见度较差时,气溶胶对向下红外辐射的贡献不可忽略,并由于局地气溶胶辐射特性难以确定,因此是利用天空向下红外辐射进行云识别时的一个不确定因素;（3）根据8～14μm波段不同云族的辐射特性差异分析,阈值法是进行云识别和云族区分的有效方法。但该方法应用效果的好坏依赖于实测探空数据和历史气候数据的有效性及准确性。 相似文献
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在全天空红外-可见光云像观测反演方法基础上,针对已往阈值法判断高云的局限性,提出改进的算法。对可见光图像可利用以太阳-天顶为连线的主平面两边相元特性的对称性来判断云的存在,对红外成像仪可利用同一仰角扫描时所得不同方位角亮温分布的非均匀性来判断云的存在。以北京2011年1 3月观测资料为基础,选择原阈值法未能判别出来的案例进行再处理,全天空可见光成像观测仪高云判别能力最高可达73.9%,全天空扫描式红外成像仪可达70.1%。该工作为天空的高云识别提供新的复合算法。 相似文献
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红外测温传感器在旋转平台控制下定时对全天空进行扫描,拼接全天空红外辐射亮温图像。利用天空中的云点与非云点在红外波段中表现出的不同特性,考虑不同仰角方向天空中云点与非云点的温度差异,结合地面环境参数,实时拟合天顶到水平区间内晴空时刻的温度阈值函数,利用阈值分割方式得出全天空云分布及云量信息。该方法可以有效减少地面环境参数及太阳光照对云图的影响,能够全天实时运行。将利用该方法获取的数据分别与人工观测数据及典型天气条件下可见光测云结果进行对比,结果表明该系统在云量观测方面具有一定的先进性和准确性。 相似文献
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为提高新疆戈壁地区云的自动化观测水平,基于全天空红外成像仪(WSIRCMS)获取的红外辐射图像,利用辐射传输模式SBDART分析了仪器测量波段对有云无云状况的敏感性并构建了拟合方程,同时利用典型季节的晴空辐射样本拟合了晴空曲线并统计形成了晴空阈值,最后利用统计晴空阈值对全天空红外辐射图像进行云像素识别和总云量计算。将不同季节总云量计算结果同人工观测结果对比验证表明：观测时段算法计算总云量和人工观测总云量差值在±2成以下的概率均在80%以上,说明该方法具有较高的准确度和较强的实用性,在观测业务中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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目前 ,我国一级辐射站测量、记录的直接辐射为垂直于太阳入射光的直接辐射 ;散射辐射是太阳辐射经过大气散射或云的反射 ,从天空 2π立体角以短波形式向下到达地面的辐射 ;总辐射是太阳直接辐射和天空散射辐射到达水平面的总量。因此 ,一般情况下 ,总辐射≤散射辐射 +直接辐射 ,这是由于垂直于太阳入射光的直接辐射比水平面上的直接辐射大的缘故 ,太阳高度角小时更明显。但有时也会出现总辐射 >散射辐射 +直接辐射的情况。这一情况一是由仪器故障引起 ,如直表跟踪不良等 ;二是由下列云天气变化引起 :天空有积状云或波状云时 ,如淡积云、碎积… 相似文献
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三维辐射传输模式分析非均匀云对天空辐射场影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解非均匀分立云体分布状况下的天空辐射场与无云晴空辐射场的差异, 本文借助一个三维辐射传输数值模式SHDOM模拟了离散云块分布条件下的天空辐射场分布, 重点分析不同云况分布情况下“非云”大气的辐射分布特征, 并将该区域与无云晴空大气辐射场的相同区域进行了比对。工作主要从辐亮度以及450 nm/650 nm的辐射比两参数入手进行讨论。研究发现, 相对无云晴空大气, 云的存在会对周围“非云”大气散射辐射产生影响, 影响程度与云量、云及气溶胶光学厚度等参数相关。数值模拟结果表明, 在云量不太大的条件下, 无云视场空间的大部分辐射值与无云晴空相比变化很小, 集中在±2％之间。这一结果表明, 已有的一维均匀大气辐射传输模式运算结果所得云与非云相元的判据基本适用于非均匀分布的有云大气。另一方面, 模拟结果表明我们也完全可以利用非均匀有云大气中的无云视场观测结果进行大气气溶胶等晴空大气光学特征的探测研究。 相似文献
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L波段探空判别云区方法的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用2008年1月到2009年12月的L波段探空资料,和与之时空匹配的Cloudsat云观测资料,首先分析了云内和云外相对湿度的累积频率分布,发现以75%作为相对湿度阈值判断云准确率可达81%。随后利用BS（Bias Score）和TS（Threat Score）评分方法,对不同相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现以81%作为相对湿度阈值TS评分可达0.66,为最高。接着利用BS和TS评分方法分不同高度对相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现随高度的增加该高度上具有最好TS评分的相对湿度阈值在减小。利用这些阈值对云判断时,总的TS评分高于0.6,且其准确率达到84%以上,比利用单一相对湿度阈值判断云准确率要高。最后对这些阈值进行优化,得到一套适合于我国L波段探空秒数据的云垂直结构的判别方法。 相似文献
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云是一种常见和重要的天气现象,在大气辐射传输中扮演着重要角色。云的形态、分布、数量及其变化标志着大气运动的状况。云的观测对军事活动、国民经济和社会服务等方面具有重要意义。目前在业务上尚未实现云的自动观测,单点测量云高的仪器已经较为成熟,然而云量和云状的自动观测仪器目前还处于研究阶段。文中总结了目前地基全天空测云仪器现状,分析了全天空云图获取、镜头保护、云点识别、云量计算、云高计算和云状识别等几个测云技术问题,最后从相关测量技术和产品应用角度做一定的思考和展望,认为需要从提高仪器性能、加强云高测量技术攻关、建立器测云分类标准等方面推进全天空测云仪器业务化应用。 相似文献
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The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provides all-sky visible images in the red, green, and blue channels. This paper presents three major calibration experiments of the all-sky imager, geometric angular calibration, optical calibration, and radiometric calibration, and then infers an algorithm to retrieve relative radiance from the all-sky images. Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radiance and measured radiance is about 0.91. It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images. The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the image, which is useful for using the all-sky image in numerical-simulations that predict more meteorological parameters. 相似文献
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Abstract Ground‐based sunphotometry measurements acquired under clear sky conditions can be used to investigate atmospheric aerosol optical properties. Such measurements are not only important in their own right as a technique for monitoring generic aerosol dynamics, but also represent a direct means of evaluating the contribution of aerosol induced radiative forcing in the modelling of climate change. In this paper we analyze derived aerosol optical properties using datasets from the Canadian AEROCAN (AERosol CANada) sunphotometer network. The AEROCAN network currently includes eight sunphotometers distributed across Canada at sites chosen in order to obtain a diverse sampling of continental, maritime and arctic aerosols. Some of these sites have been operational since 1993 as part of the Boreal Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). These instruments permit standard and automatic multi‐wavelength measurements of solar extinction radiance centred on the solar disk as well as sky radiance scans off the solar disk. These data yields aerosol optical depth, the Ångström exponent, aerosol particle volume size distribution, refractive index, column‐averaged single scattering albedo, and precipitable water vapour content. Spatial and temporal trends of these parameters as well as observed inter‐correlations are discussed. The results demonstrate the utility and significance of these types of measurements and illustrate the potential applications of networked sunphotometry data. 相似文献
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Abstract A three‐component (isotropic, circumsolar and horizon‐brightening) model of the angular distribution of sky (short‐wave) radiance has been tested and validated against a data base of measured sky radiance. The data base encompasses cloud cover 0.0 to 1.0 and solar zenith angles 30 to 80°. Empirical constants have been derived for the model enabling the prediction of sky radiances for any sky condition. 相似文献
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Although radar observations capture storm structures with high spatiotemporal resolutions, they are limited within the storm region after the precipitation formed. Geostationary satellites data cover the gaps in the radar network prior to the formation of the precipitation for the storms and their environment. The study explores the effects of assimilating the water vapor channel radiances from Himawari-8 data with Weather Research and Forecasting model data assimilation system(WRFDA) for a severe storm case over north China. A fast cloud detection scheme for Advanced Himawari imager(AHI)radiance is enhanced in the framework of the WRFDA system initially in this study. The bias corrections, the cloud detection for the clear-sky AHI radiance, and the observation error modeling for cloudy radiance are conducted before the data assimilation. All AHI radiance observations are fully applied without any quality control for all-sky AHI radiance data assimilation. Results show that the simulated all-sky AHI radiance fits the observations better by using the cloud dependent observation error model, further improving the cloud heights. The all-sky AHI radiance assimilation adjusts all types of hydrometeor variables, especially cloud water and precipitation snow. It is proven that assimilating all-sky AHI data improves hydrometeor specifications when verified against the radar reflectivity. Consequently, the assimilation of AHI observations under the all-sky condition has an overall improved impact on both the precipitation locations and intensity compared to the experiment with only conventional and AHI clear-sky radiance data. 相似文献
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Qiu Jinhuan 《大气科学进展》1988,5(3):311-323
Based on the radiative transfer calculation results, three approximate expressions of the sky radiance in almucantar and its
increment caused by surface albedo are presented. They are simple, but accurate enough. The dependence of the fitted aerosol
scattering phase functions on refractive index is also studied, and its reasonable form is given. For Junge size distribution,
the approximate equations of the phase functions with some special scattering angles are obtained. These approximate equations
significantly simplify the retrieval algorithm of simultaneous determination of aerosol size distribution and its refractive
index and surface albedo. This method can be realized with a microcomputer, and has been used to process and analyse the experimental
data measured in Hefei of Anhui Province. 相似文献
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Qiu Jinhuan 《大气科学进展》1988,5(3):311-324
Based on the radiative transfer calculation results, three approximate expressions of the sky radiance in almucantar and its increment caused by surface albedo are presented. They are simple, but accurate enough. The dependence of the fitted aerosol scattering phase functions on refractive index is also studied, and its reasonable form is given. For Junge size distribution, the approximate equations of the phase functions with some special scattering angles are obtained. These approximate equations significantly simplify the retrieval algorithm of simultaneous determination of aerosol size distribution and its refractive index and surface albedo. This method can be realized with a microcomputer, and has been used to process and analyse the experimental data measured in Hefei of Anhui Province. 相似文献