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基于数值预报及上级指导产品的本地气温MOS预报方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用恩施基准站2008—2011年地面实测资料、数值预报产品、上级台站指导产品,采用M(数值模式预报)、E(天气学经验)、D(诊断分析)相结合的方法(简称MED),从气温变化的影响因素如大气稳定度、温度平流、水汽条件等设计具有物理意义的预报因子。或根据需要进行因子的组合叠加利用,并将指导产品直接作为预报因子。利用常规统计预报方法(逐步回归),将高、低温实况作为预报对象来建立地方气温预报模式。结果表明:将天空状况进行分型后建立地方气温MOS预报模型,并对应高低温一般出现时间段来选取数值预报产品因子进行预报,对本地气温预报质量的提高有积极的意义;模型建立过程中,综合采用了MED相结合的方法,并应用了数值预报再加工因子,考虑了天气系统变化对气温的影响,增强了数值预报的解释应用能力;参考客观数值模式产品、上级业务部门指导产品相结合的综合MOS预报方法,建立地方气温MOS预报是提高本地天气预报准确率的有效尝试。检验结果也表明,本地气温MOS预报效果较好,明显高于指导预报,已较好应用于实际业务中。 相似文献
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基于数值预报模式降水产品的集成应用方法试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008年5~7月四川省152个站点的逐日降水实况和T213、德国数值预报模式、日本数值预报模式、西南区域本地化的MM5集合降水预报模式和各成员的逐日降水预报产品进行Ts评分,然后基于西南区域集合预报8个成员Ts评分权重系数进行集成预报试验和集成方法对比试验,结果表明:基于Ts评分为权重系数的集成预报效果得到明显改进,且该方法优于逐步回归和支持向量(SVM)回归方法;最后根据上述5~7月T213、日本、德国和集合预报8个成员共11个数值模式降水预报的Ts评分按权重系数集成,预报四川2008年8~9月降水并进行效果评价,结果显示:以多个模式Ts评分为权重系数集成的降水预报效果相对于单一模式有明显提高,有较好的预报指导意义。 相似文献
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支持向量机与卡尔曼滤波集合的西太平洋副热带高压数值预报误差修正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于T106数值预报产品资料,提出了支持向量机和卡尔曼滤波相结合的方法来进行夏季西太平洋副热带高压数值预报的误差修正与预报优化。首先采用支持向量机方法建立了西太平洋副热带高压面积指数的误差修正模型。基于支持向量机预报优化模型尽管有比较好的拟合精度和预报效果,但与实际副热带高压指数尚有一定的差异。究其原因,除预报对象(副热带高压)本身比较复杂、模型优化因子不够充分以及数值预报误差自身的随机性以外,优化模型的输入、输出基本上是一个静态映射结构,因此前一时刻的预测误差难以得到有效的反馈、调整和修正。为考虑前一时刻预报误差的反馈信息,动态跟踪副高的变化趋势,随后引入卡尔曼滤波方法建立支持向量机-卡尔曼滤波模型,对支持向量机模型的输出结果作进一步的调整和优化。试验结果表明,该方法模型的预报优化效果优于T106数值预报产品以及单纯的神经网络修正模型和卡尔曼滤波修正模型的优化效果,能够较为客观、有效地修正西太平洋副热带高压指数的数值预报误差,改进和优化西太平洋副热带高压的数值预报效果。该方法为副热带高压等复杂天气系统和要素场预报提供了一种新的思路,表现出较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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该文介绍了基于基本的支持向量机非线性回归方法,该方法具有解决非线性问题的能力,在数值预报解释应用技术中,对某些预报量与预报因子之间相关性不显著的要素,如风、比湿等,采用支持向量机非线性回归技术较多元回归的MOS方法更具优势;利用北京市气象局中尺度业务模式 (MM5V3) 的12:00(世界时) 起始数值预报产品和观测资料,制作北京15个奥运场馆站点6~48 h逐3 h的气象要素释用产品。对比MM5V3模式,从均方根误差的平均减小率来看,2 m温度减小12.1%,10 m风u分量减小43.3%,10 m风v分量减小53.4%,2 m比湿减小38.2%。与同期的MOS方法预报结果相比,整体预报效果SVM略优于MOS。由此可见,支持向量机非线性回归方法解决与预报因子之间非线性相关的气象要素较好,具有较高的预报优势。 相似文献
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降水量定量预报是精细化预报的要求之一,由于降水量的离散性和预报因子的非线性,用常规数理统计的方法做定量预报效果不理想。支持向量机(Support V ectorM ach ine简称SVM)对处理非线性关系的问题有强大能力,且具有在海量信息中巧妙提取所关注预报对象特征的能力。应用2002—2004年夏季T 213预报产品资料,用支持向量机回归原理做铜川降水量预报,从大量历史个例的数值预报产品信息中,提取有代表性的支持向量,建立铜川3个站未来2 d每12 h降水量预报方法。结果表明,该方法的试验数据预报结论与实况相关系数可达0.6,绝对差2.2,并经过检验数据检验,能够投入业务使用。 相似文献
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支持向量机方法在德阳降水分类预报中的应用试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对支持向量机(svm)分类方法的基本原理作了简要的概述，并依据常规观测资料选取预报因子，以经典统计预报方法的方式，利用svm方法，选取不同的核函数对德阳市雨量分类预报进行试验。Ts评分表明采用多项式内积函数作为核函数构造的预报模型具有较好的预报能力。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献