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1.
地面观测资料在快速更新同化系统中的敏感性试验   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
王平  王晓峰  张蕾  李佳  许晓林 《气象》2017,43(8):901-911
通过对2011年7月31日发生在上海的局地强对流过程,利用快速更新同化系统(SMS-WARR),设计了四个试验,对地面观测资料(常规地面观测资料、加密自动气象站资料)进行敏感性数值试验。结果表明:不同地面观测资料同化对模式初始场的调整作用不同,地面观测资料的疏密影响模式初始场预报,加密自动站气象资料同化对初始温度场、风场的影响最明显;所有试验中,同化所有观测资料的模式能较好地模拟出此次强降水过程,且模拟的地面温度场、风场以及辐合线的演变与实况基本一致;通过分析、比较各试验初始场和预报结果的影响发现,同化所有地面观测资料能改善模式的初值,且观测资料通过循环同化的方式融合进模式,提高了模式对强对流中尺度结构特征的刻画,改善了对局地强对流天气系统的预报效果。  相似文献   

2.
针对发生于2006年8月和2007年6-8月的28次降水过程,在3 h快速更新循环同化预报系统平台上分别进行了有无同化局地GPS可降水量资料的试验.结果表明,局地GPS可降水量的同化可以使模式对大阈值降水的时段、强度和落区的预报性能均获得全面的提高,此现象在模式积分最初的0-6小时表现得更为明显.由于同化所用的GPS可降水量观测资料主要集中在极为局地的京津冀地区,而且GPS-PWV资料的同化仅能对模式中的水汽含量发生影响,因此该资料的同化与否并不能为模式总体预报性能带来明显差异.但从以54511测站为代表的北京地区局地常规要素预报效果来看,快速更新循环的同化方式能使高时空分辨率的GPS可降水量在北京局地的同化效果得以累积,并为气象要素在局地的预报效果带来显著的正面影响.通过对一次强对流个例进行分析可以发现,以快速更新循环的方式可以同化较高时间频率的GPS可降水量观测,从而对模式大气的初始湿度条件起到持续累积的影响.在一定的动力和热力条件下,由GPS可降水量同化带来的累积的模式大气增湿也有望在模式中形成利于局地对流形成和发展的环境,提高模式对局地对流的预报水平.  相似文献   

3.
基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化(RR4DVar)技术和三维数值云模式发展的快速更新雷达四维变分分析系统(VDRAS),通过在系统中加入地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法,对发生在北京地区的10个强对流过程开展了地面资料同化的高分辨率模拟分析和检验评估,并与已经业务使用的地面资料融合方法进行对比。研究结果发现,地面观测资料同化使边界层1 km高度以下的分析场改善最为明显,风速和风向的均方根误差分别平均降低0.1 m/s和7.2°,温度的均方根误差降低0.2℃。模式最低层100 m高度的风速均方根误差降低0.5 m/s,风速的误差随高度上升逐渐增大。模式最低层风向的均方根误差降低15.5°,温度的均方根误差降低0.4℃,且1.5 km高度以下的温度偏差都减小。区域内地面10 m高风速的均方根误差平均降低0.2 m/s,风向的均方根误差降低10.8°,地面2 m气温的偏差也降低。随着预报时效的延长,地面温度和风场的误差不断增大,但地面资料同化方法在一定程度上可以提高1 h内地面气象要素的预报效果。对2019年5月17日北京地区局地强对流新生和增强过程的详细分析表明,地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法相对于融合,可以通过更细致准确地分析低层大气的热动力特征,改善低层气象要素的预报效果。在此基础上,通过探究对流单体的局地触发机理发现,海风锋辐合线与城市的相互作用一定程度上影响了对流的局地新生和发展,该同化方法可以进一步提高北京地区局地突发强对流的临近数值预报能力。   相似文献   

4.
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其3DVAR(3-Dimentional Variational)资料同化系统,采用36 km、12 km 、4 km三层嵌套网格进行逐3 h资料同化和快速更新循环预报,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了资料同化敏感性试验。试验结果表明,地面观测资料同化和快速更新循环对本次降水的预报起到了关键性作用。在快速更新循环预报时不同化地面观测资料,或同化全部观测资料进行冷启动预报,模式均不能预报出山东的降水。同化地面观测资料后,显著改进了模式降水落区预报。地面观测资料同化可以影响到700 hPa高度以上温压湿风要素的变化,从而改变了大气初始场的温湿结构,导致模式预报的700 hPa附近高空大气湿度和热力不稳定增强,700 hPa以下低层风场更强,850 hPa鲁中以南风速较无观测资料同化的偏强2~4 m·s-1,低层风场的动力作用触发高空的不稳定大气,降水出现在山东。  相似文献   

5.
利用SMS-WARR快速更新同化,对三种观测资料(雷达、探空、AMDAR)进行敏感性试验。并且通过对2011年7月31日发生在上海的局地强对流过程的模拟,分析不同类型观测资料的影响。结果表明:雷达资料通过云分析优化了初始场中的水物质含量,使云的分布更合理,调整了中小尺度对流系统的结构和强度,降水落区和强度预报得到改进;探空资料在试验中仅使用了一次,但可持续影响后续时刻的模拟,500 h Pa、700 h Pa和850 h Pa高度场和风场均不同程度受到影响,相应的地面温度也发生了变化;同化AMDAR资料后,形势场得到了修正,分析场更加接近实况,改善了降水预报。  相似文献   

6.
基于集合和奇异值分解的三维变分同化方法(SVD-En3DVar)对2009年6月14日江苏地区的一次飑线过程进行多普勒雷达资料同化预报数值试验,以检验该方法在这类尺度较小的强对流天气过程中的同化应用效果。同时,还讨论了SVD-En3DVar的分块局地化方案中水平半径对此次飑线过程同化效果的敏感性,并应用WRF 3DVar进行了平行对比试验。数值试验结果表明,应用SVD-En3DVar方法同化多普勒雷达资料后能够有效调整风场、比湿和位温等状态变量,同化预报结果对分块局地化方案中水平半径参数较为敏感,水平分块半径为50 km时对组合反射率的预报效果最好。SVD-En3DVar和WRF 3DVar两种同化方法同化雷达资料后都能够提高雷达组合回波的预报水平,但SVD-En3DVar方法的效果明显优于WRF 3DVar同化系统,对回波带位置及其向东南方向发展趋势的预报和观测回波较为一致。  相似文献   

7.
地基GPS天顶总延迟由于其解算误差来源少于目前广泛应用的可降水量资料,其同化应用将会为数值预报初值场更好地提供大气信息。面向同化应用的天顶总延迟观测质量控制方案的研发将会有效推进该资料在中国数值预报中的广泛应用。基于2013-2014年华北地区天顶总延迟观测资料,发展了一套针对数值预报同化应用的天顶总延迟观测质量控制方案。该方案从测站稳定性和解算精度、离群值、系统偏差及标准差等考察点切入,从不同角度检查和标记出致使观测序列统计特性偏离高斯分布特征的样本。质量控制后序列统计特征量更接近三维变分系统对观测资料的性质假设,表明了所建立质量控制方案的合理性。基于北京市气象局数值预报业务系统BJ-RUC开展了连续11 d的快速更新循环预报试验。评估结果表明:同化质控后天顶总延迟试验的降水预报效果明显优于同化未质控天顶总延迟试验,表明所建立质量控制方案的有效性。同化质控后天顶总延迟试验的降水预报效果优于未同化GPS资料试验,表明天顶总延迟资料的同化应用可以有效提升预报系统的降水预报效果,特别是在无探空资料参加同化的预报时次;同化质控后天顶总延迟资料试验的降水预报效果也优于同化可降水量的试验,表明使用天顶总延迟资料代替可降水量资料在数值预报业务中开展同化应用是可行的。在天顶总延迟观测质量控制方案研发和同化应用得到了一些有意义的结果,有助于推进该观测资料在数值预报科研和业务中的应用,为提升预报性能提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

8.
雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展   总被引:81,自引:22,他引:59  
临近预报指0—6h(0—2h为重点)的高时空分辨率的天气预报,预报对象是该时段内出现明显变化的天气现象,主要包括雷暴、强对流、降水、冬季暴风雪、冻雨、沙尘暴、低能见度(雾)、天空云量等,其中,以雷暴和强对流天气的临近预报最具挑战性。综述了针对雷暴和强对流天气的以主观预报为主、结合客观算法的临近预报技术,同时讨论了高分辨率数值预报模式在临近预报中的应用。主观临近预报技术包括基于多普勒天气雷达观测数据并结合其他资料(常规高空和地面观测、气象卫星云图、快速同化循环的数值预报产品等)对雷暴生成、发展和衰减,特别是对强对流天气(包括强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风和对流性暴雨)的临近预报,客观算法包括几种应用最广的雷达回波或云图外推算法和强对流天气识别技术。高分辨率数值预报模式的应用包括与雷达回波外推融合延长临近预报时效,与各种观测资料融合得到快速更新的三维格点资料为雷暴和强对流近风暴环境的判断提供重要参考。  相似文献   

9.
丁杨  谭燕  王智  顾建峰 《热带气象学报》2013,29(6):1019-1028
基于GRAPES模式,使用快速更新循环同化技术,对华东地区五种观测资料(常规的探空资料TEMP、地面报SYNOP、飞机报AIREP、船舶报SHIPS和非常规的雷达VAD风资料)进行同化分析,通过2008年6月、7月和8月三个月的连续试验以及个例分析,初步检验GRAPES_RUC系统在上海的本地化情况。试验结果表明,GRAPES_RUC系统对小雨和中雨的预报较好,对暴雨(大于50 mm)几乎没有预报能力,这与参与评定的样本数有较大关系;GRAPES_RUC系统对形势场有较好的把握能力,总体上与NCEP分析场较为一致。总体而言,基于GRAPES模式建立的快速循环同化系统预报基本稳定可靠,且具有一定的预报能力和指导意义。模式基本能对强对流系统做出预报,但强度偏弱;而对于突发性较强的强对流系统,临近预报能得到较好的预报效果。  相似文献   

10.
快速更新循环同化预报系统的汛期试验与分析   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为了支持短时临近预报,利用新一代数值预报技术,结合高时空分辨的新一代探测所提供的观测信息,开发了基于快速更新循环同化的数值预报系统。基于GRAPES预报模式及其三维变分,开发了逐时循环同化,包括雷达、卫星、飞机、常规地面和探空等观测资料的同化模块,并采用nudging技术,引入雷达回波,订正模式的初始云水、雨水等信息,实现快速更新预报。多种测试和汛期连续试验表明,系统运行稳定可靠。逐时同化场合理,与实况基本一致。通过1个月的滚动预报综合分析和个例预报分析均表明,预报稳定有效,与观测分布基本一致,初步具备开展短时临近预报的能力。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

20.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

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