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《气象研究与应用》2016,(2)
利用常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和地面加密观测数据,对2014年6月8~9日发生在南宁的两次阵风锋天气进行分析。得到以下结论:阵风锋回波强度为10-20dBZ,水平尺度20km,呈弧状,成熟时高度大概1.5km,阵风锋只是对流层低层的浅薄系统。阵风锋移动速度与母体雷暴移动速度的关系对雷暴的发展与减弱有很好的指示作用。阵风锋前沿有明显的风速辐合,可以触发新的对流单体的生成。两条阵风锋的相遇合并会使得阵风锋加强,更易触发新的对流单体产生。阵风锋愈强,其过境时所引起的风速增大的现象就愈明显。单体质心的快速下降和反射率因子核心的快速下降对地面雷暴大风有很好的指示作用,约可提前半小时预警。 相似文献
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利用多普勒天气雷达资料和自动站资料对2012年5月16日江苏、6月9日京津冀地区以及7月10日河北的三次阵风锋过程进行综合分析。结果表明：持续下沉的冷空气形成雷暴高压是阵风锋产生的直接原因。雷暴高压形成过程中,一方面,下沉气流在较小区域内迅速堆积形成雷暴高压,另一方面,新旧单体不断更替,风暴内稳定的下沉气流使雷暴高压发展。雷暴高压内强辐散气流与环境空气形成阵风锋。随着雷暴高压的移动和增强,阵风锋向前移动和增强,当雷暴高压减弱,阵风锋也逐渐消亡。温度梯度与气压梯度越大,瞬时大风越强,阵风锋也越强。阵风锋产生的瞬时大风与窄带回波的强度值不一定成正比。中层径向辐合对阵风锋产生有提前预示作用,提前量为半小时左右,辐合持续时间越长,阵风锋生命史越长。 相似文献
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基于2016—2021年湖北多普勒雷达及加密自动气象站资料，对湖北雷暴阵风锋特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)湖北阵风锋主要出现在6—8月，占总数的96%，其中8月最多；一天中主要发生时段为15:00—18:00(北京时，下同)，峰值在17:00；大多数阵风锋持续时间为1.5～3.0 h；产生阵风锋的母雷暴中35%为多单体雷暴，40%为多单体雷暴群，25%为飑线。(2)阵风锋主要有5个生成区域，分别为省外、鄂东北、江汉平原、鄂西北的襄阳和鄂西南的宜昌，相同区域生成的阵风锋移动方向有较好的规律性。鄂东北生成的阵风锋最多，占总数的33%。(3)不是所有母雷暴及其阵风锋都能引发地面大风，69%的母雷暴和9%的阵风锋产生的地面极大风速大于等于17.0 m·s-1。在多单体和多单体雷暴群中，母雷暴的回波强度越强，母雷暴及其阵风锋产生的地面大风概率越大，阵风锋产生的地面风速强度与其回波强度、空间尺度关系不大。(4)阵风锋有较强对流触发能力，91%的阵风锋在其后部、附近和前侧触发对流单体。母雷暴与其阵风锋反馈作用不同，对流触发与阵风锋的相对位置有差别，正反馈型大多在阵风锋后部触发对... 相似文献
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利用高空、地面天气图,宝鸡多普勒雷达资料统计分析了关中地区7例阵风锋天气成因及雷达回波特征。分析表明:西北气流携带的中空干冷平流是强对流发生的有利条件,地面干线是强对流的触发系统,地面气温35℃以上高温且湿度20%～35%是阵风锋发生的有利环境。雷达回波上,阵风锋从初生、发展、加强到减弱的生命史为1～3 h,与雷暴回波由强(≥55 dBz)减弱(≤30 dBz)的过程一致。阵风锋移动速度与雷暴径向速度有直接关系,雷暴出流快速达到最大(17 m/s)时,阵风锋发展达到强盛时段,其强度、长度达到最大;阵风锋移动方向与雷暴移动方向大体一致,呈西北—东南向;少数与主体风暴移向垂直,为东北—西南向。阵风锋在1.5°仰角出现最早,关注识别1.5°仰角阵风锋窄带回波前兆可为发布大风预警提供依据。 相似文献
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应用自动气象站资料和多普勒雷达观测资料,对盆地南部一次阵风锋引起的局地强对流天气进行分析,结果表明:阵风锋是对流风暴产生的下沉气流到达地面时产生强烈辐散,与低层暖湿空气交汇产生的剧烈天气现象;阵风锋在多普勒雷达上表现为一条狭窄弧线,回波强度弱,速度图上有辐合,阵风锋与强雷暴的发生、发展和维持有促进作用;阵风锋过境会引起气象要素陡变,阵风锋经过的地方,强雷暴的产生地与地面风场辐合线的位置和温度槽线的位置有很好的对应关系,对短临预报预警的提前发布有较强的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用西安多普勒雷达观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和自动气象站资料,对2016年6月4日发生在咸阳机场附近的一次阵风锋天气展开研究。这次过程是由蒙古低涡主导,低涡后部的冷空气南下触发对流引起的,阵风锋过境时咸阳机场产生了2.2mm降水和19.7m·s^(-1)的大风天气,多架次航班受到影响。从雷达回波的分析发现,这次阵风锋的特征表现为,生命史2h左右,回波强度5~25dBz,长度约70km,平均移速达49.7km·h^(-1),伴有明显的窄带回波和辐合线。对雷达基数据进行质量控制后,设计了自动识别软件,在强度场上利用双向梯度算法,以及速度场上使用Shear参量算法,根据窄带回波和辐合线的空间一致性,对该阵风锋的位置和强度进行识别。最后利用临界成功指数对这个软件进行评估,本次阵风锋的识别率达到83.33%,表明该软件能够识别阵风锋,可在业务中使用。 相似文献
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为全面和系统研究北京及周边地区阵风锋各方面特征,使用2006—2015年暖季（5—9月）北京多普勒雷达探测资料及北京、河北、天津自动气象站观测资料对北京及周边地区的阵风锋过程进行综合统计分析。结果表明,346次阵风锋过程有232次触发了对流,占总数的67%,表明阵风锋对雷暴具有较强的抬升触发能力。阵风锋在6—8月出现的日数占5—9月阵风锋总日数的85%;出现的时段主要是午后至傍晚（12—21时,北京时）,维持时间0.5—3 h;阵风锋在北京东南方向生成的数量最多,且触发对流的次数也最多;其次为偏东和东北方向;偏南和西南方向生成阵风锋数量居中,而偏北、偏西和西北地区阵风锋个例相对较少,触发对流的比例也相对较低。产生阵风锋的母风暴中48%为孤立雷暴（包括孤立多单体和超级单体风暴）,31%为雷暴群,21%为飑线;97%的母风暴最强回波在50 dBz以上,阵风锋的回波强度为10—25 dBz。91%的阵风锋移动速度集中在10—60 km/h,84%的阵风锋与母风暴的最大距离为1—60 km;在母风暴回波强度减弱到30 dBz以下时,80%的阵风锋能够继续维持的时间不超过2 h。阵风锋母风暴向东南方向移动的个例最多,从阵风锋和母风暴移动方向的关系来看,阵风锋与母风暴移向一致的情况占比最高,为32%,其次为母风暴无移动及阵风锋弧形扩散情况,各占17%;阵风锋与母风暴移向相反情况所占比例最低,只有3%。最后统计了阵风锋经过地面自动气象站时,自动观测量的变化情况。结果显示,阵风锋在经过地面自动气象站时会造成风速增大、温度降低、相对湿度增大、气压升高。 相似文献
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渤海湾海风锋触发雷暴的观测和模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用天津多普勒天气雷达观测资料和中尺度数值模式,对比分析了2007年8月13日海风锋触发雷暴天气的发生、发展演变特征。结果表明,数值模拟和多普勒天气雷达观测海风锋起始生消时间、形态特征和位置基本吻合。数值模拟能够更清晰地显示海风锋的物理量特征,也能反映出海风锋前端是东南风和东北风交汇的辐合带,在850 hPa以下向内陆推进过程中呈气温降低和湿度增加的特点,并逐渐形成增厚的热内边界层。从水汽和温度的水平分布来看,海风锋前端为温度和湿度等值线的密集区,海风锋背后为冷湿气团。另外,虽然未能模拟出阵风锋的细线回波,但模拟出阵风锋为干冷气流。雷暴四周均存在低层辐散下沉气流,只是雷暴主体前部阵风锋的辐散气流较强,而多普勒天气雷达仅能观测雷暴主体前部的阵风锋。多普勒天气雷达探测海风锋与阵风锋碰撞后,在碰撞交叉处形成雷暴天气,数值模拟揭示了碰撞交叉处形成雷暴天气的物理量特征,即:有明显的垂直运动和散度特征;广义理查逊数的分布特征也较显著,其厚度在1.0 km左右,CAPE值明显增加。 相似文献
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应用多普勒雷达观测资料和自动气象站资料,对2007年7月31目发生在陕西中部一次阵风锋天气过程分析,结果表明：阵风锋的强度为15-25dBz,生命史可达3h以上;阵风锋上有风向和（或）风速的辐合;阵风锋一般都对应边界层的弱辐合线,弱辐合线的演变与对流风暴和阵风锋的发生、发展、消亡密切相关;阵风锋过境时无降水产生,但会引起阵风涌升和产生灾害性大风;阵风锋可以作为未来目标区域大风预警的重要参考指标;阵风锋是触发新对流的因子之一。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献