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1.
辽宁省植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2021,(2)
基于MODIS-NDVI遥感数据集计算辽宁省2001—2019年植被覆盖度,并结合MODIS土地覆盖产品和辽宁省61个气象观测站气温、降水资料,重点探讨辽宁省5种主要植被类型的植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)辽宁省多年平均植被覆盖度为0.48,且呈现"东高西低"的空间分布特征。近19 a来,辽宁省绝大部分地区植被覆盖度呈上升趋势,整体上每10 a增加0.036;主要植被类型作物、草原、落叶阔叶林、多树草原和稀树草原的植被覆盖度均呈显著上升趋势,其中草原增加速率最大,作物增加速率最小。(2)作物的植被覆盖度在暖温带半干旱区与降水存在正相关,与气温存在负相关,而在暖温带半湿润区则与降水和气温均呈现正相关;草原的植被覆盖度对降水响应比气温强烈,而落叶阔叶林、多树草原和稀树草原对气温较为敏感。(3)主要植被类型的植被覆盖度对气温、降水的时滞响应不同。作物和草原在生长季内对上一月降水有时滞响应,而落叶阔叶林、多树草原和稀树草原在生长季末期对上一月气温、降水有时滞响应。 相似文献
2.
利用1982-2000年逐月NOAA/AVHRR NDVI的时间序列数据,分析了天山巴音布鲁克草原植被覆盖的动态变化及其与降水、气温、浅层地温等气候因子的关系。结果表明：近20 a来巴音布鲁克草原植被覆盖面积总体上呈现增加趋势,生态环境有所改善。同时,生长季（4-9月）NDVI与降水、气温和浅层地温的相关分析表明, 气温和浅层地温是影响巴音布鲁克草原植被生长的两个重要因子。 相似文献
3.
基于GIMMS（global inventory modeling and mapping studies）NDVI 3g数据,在提取北半球荒漠草原过渡带每年植被物候期的基础上,研究了1982-2012年物候期的时间演化趋势及空间分异特征,并结合全球气候再分析资料,探讨了物候变化的气候驱动因素。结果表明：在1998年之前,荒漠草原过渡带植被物候期变化地区间差异较大,而在1998年之后,北半球荒漠草原过渡带生长季结束期整体提前,平均提前0.41 d/a;同时,除萨赫勒以外的各地区植被生长季长度普遍缩短,平均缩短0.88 d/a。植被物候期与气候因子的相关分析发现,荒漠草原过渡带植被物候变化受气候变化影响显著,且空间差异明显。在中高纬度地区,气温是限制植被活动的关键因子,温度升高可以促进生长季开始期的提前,而降水增加则会妨碍植被生长;在较低纬度地区,水分是影响植被活动的关键因素,高温造成的水分亏缺会导致植被生长季缩短。从植被物候期对各气候因子响应的时滞性来看,荒漠草原过渡带植被的物候期对气温变化的响应最迅速,对蒸散的响应存在一定的滞后性,而对降水的响应不存在时滞差异。 相似文献
4.
选取西藏藏北高原西部高寒草原植被、中部高寒草甸植被及东南部高寒灌丛草甸植被 3 种藏北地区最典型的植被类型, 结合临近 3 个气象观测站的资料, 分析这 3 种典型植被类型地区 1999—2001 年旬平均气温、旬总降水量和 SPOT VEGETATION 卫星 10 d 最大值合成归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 变化特征以及 3 种典型植被基于 SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 的生长变化对旬平均气温和旬总降水量两个主要气候要素变化的响应关系。 结果表明: 藏北地区降水资源的空间分布特点是东南部向西北部逐渐减少, 气温则由南向北逐渐递减, 与降水资源分布相反, 蒸发量西部高, 东部低; SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 能够较为准确地反映 3 种典型植被生长变化特征, 所反映的植被返青期和枯黄期等重要植被生长阶段与由积温计算的植被生长特征基本一致; 藏北地区基于 SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 的植被生长变化与气温的相关系数明显高于与降水的相关系数 , 其中以那曲为代表的高寒草甸植被的 NDVI 与旬气温和旬降水总量的相关系数最大, 分别为 0.81 和 0.68 , 表明藏北地区由于海拔高, 气候寒冷, 气温对该地区植被生长的影响明显高于降水的影响, 即该地区植被生长变化对气温的响应程度明显高于对降水的响应程度 , 是植被生长的限制性因素; 不同植被类型对气温和降水两个要素的响应程度大小依次是高寒草甸、高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草原。 相似文献
5.
《气象研究与应用》2018,(4)
以河池市10个县(区)植被为研究对象,对2000～2016年MOD13Q1遥感数据进行预处理得到NDVI数据集,采用线性趋势分析、反距离加权插值等方法分析植被NDVI值年际变化规律、空间分布特征,探讨石漠化演变过程中多种气候因子与植被指数的相关性及作用机制,采用逐步回归分析法建立基于气候因子的植被NDVI拟合模型。结果表明:(1)2000～2016年河池市的NDVI值呈现逐年上升的趋势,倾向率约为48.15·a-1;在空间上,NDVI值呈现较为显著的经向分布特征,沿市中部地区向两边地区逐渐递增。(2)对植被NDVI起直接作用的主要是温度类气候因子,水分类气候因子对植被NDVI的直接作用不明显,且植被NDVI对降水、水汽压和相对湿度的响应存在一定的滞后,但对日照时数、平均气温、月极端最高气温和极端最低气温的响应滞后不明显。(3)选入植被NDVI拟合模型的气候因子为同期的平均气温和日照时数,模型的拟合R2为0.81,拟合精度较高。 相似文献
6.
对植被的动态监测可以从一定程度上反映气候变化趋势。该文利用2000—2005年MODIS NDVI数据对锡林郭勒盟典型草原植被变化进行动态监测,在此基础上,以降水量、水汽压、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日照时数作为气候指标,分析锡林郭勒盟典型草原和荒漠草原MODIS NDVI与同期及前期气候因子的相关性,探讨草原植被变化的气候驱动因子。结果表明:2000—2005年锡林郭勒盟植被改善面积大于退化面积,植被退化面积最大的区域为荒漠草原,占全盟面积的12.84%,植被改善面积最大的区域为典型草原,占全盟面积29.09%。4类草原改善趋势由强到弱的顺序为草甸草原、典型草原、沙地草原、荒漠草原。对于典型草原,其NDVI与最高气温关系最密切,其次为水汽压;对于荒漠草原,其NDVI与最高气温关系最为密切,其次为最低气温。此外,NDVI对气候因子的响应表现出明显的时滞效应。 相似文献
7.
基于2006—2012年主要生长季(5—9月)MODIS旬最大值合成NDVI数据,结合同期气温、降水插值栅格资料,采用均值法、线性回归法、相关系数法分析了伊犁河谷地区七大不同草地类型NDVI的时空变化规律及其对气象因子响应的敏感性及滞后性。结果表明:(1)伊犁河谷草地植被NDVI整体呈微弱增加趋势,其中,温性荒漠类草地的增加趋势略高于其他几种类型。(2)温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原、高寒草原、低平地草甸的NDVI主要受降水影响,即NDVI与生长季平均降水量呈极显著正相关,且平均降水量每增加1 mm,其NDVI分别增加0.005、0.006、0.007、0.004、0.003。(3)不同草地类型与气温、降水存在不同的滞后响应,多数草地类型5月气温、降水与7月NDVI表现出显著相关性。其中,温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原NDVI受气温和降水共同影响,气温每升高1℃,NDVI分别减少0.020、0.028、0.027,降水每增加1 mm,NDVI分别增加0.002、0.003、0.003;高寒草原主要受降水影响,降水每增加1 mm,NDVI增加0.003;低平地草甸主要受气温影响,气温每升高1℃,NDVI减少0.016;温性荒漠、沼泽与气温、降水没有明显相关性。不同草地类型对水热因子的需求不同,是产生这种结果的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
基于1982 -2003年GIMMSNDVI遥感数据和气象资料, 综合运用趋势分析、相关分析、奇异值分解等方法, 分析我国黄淮海地区植被活动对气候变化响应的时空特征。结果表明:黄淮海地区整体气候变暖趋势比较明显, 干旱化尚不显著, 年平均植被NDVI表现为略微增加的趋势。在年尺度上, 温度是敏感性最强的气候因子, 全年温度、降水、相对湿度对植被NDVI动态变化具有正效应, 而蒸发量具有负效应; 在季尺度上, 温度、降水的敏感性最强。自然植被对降水的敏感性最强, 其次是温度; 农业植被对温度的敏感性最强, 其次是降水。植被对气候变化响应的空间特征表现为, 植被主要生长季平均NDVI与温度距平场空间结构一致, 与蒸发量距平场反位相对应, 与降水量距平场呈北、南部正负相反分布, 与相对湿度距平场呈南、北向正负相反的空间分布。 相似文献
9.
2000年以来中国区域植被变化及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候是植被变化的主要驱动因子,研究全球增暖背景下中国区域植被变化及其对气候的响应对于国家开展重大生态恢复评估和未来植被保护政策制定具有重要意义。利用2000-2016年MODIS植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据集,运用统计分析方法,从平均态、线性趋势、时间序列、相关性等方面系统分析了2000年以来中国区域植被变化及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:中国区域NDVI在平均态上呈现从东南向西北递减的空间分布,受降水生长季的影响,东部地区植被指数明显较大;我国大部分地区NDVI呈现增加的趋势,其中湿润半湿润地区NDVI增长幅度为0.037·(10a)-1,而在干旱半干旱地区变化较小[0.013·(10a)-1]。NDVI的变化与气候驱动因素的相关性存在一定的区域差异,其中:NDVI与气温变化在东南沿海、东北东部以及青藏高原北部等地区呈现出显著正相关,而在青藏高原南部等地区呈现微弱的负相关;除青藏高原、塔里木盆地和东北北部等地区外,NDVI与降水量在全国大多数地区呈正相关。从全国平均来看,温度和降水变化对NDVI的贡献分别为7.5%和9.1%,其中温度对NDVI变化的贡献主要体现在湿润半湿润地区(9.3%),而降水的贡献则在干旱半干旱地区(12.2%)。植被变化对气候要素驱动的响应也呈现出明显的区域差异性,在我国东南沿海、云贵高原东部、四川盆地等南方地区以及黄河中下游、东北东部等部分地区,NDVI变化对气温的敏感性最强;而在中国北方干旱半干旱大部分地区,NDVI变化则是对降水驱动具有很显著的响应特征。总体而言,气温是驱动南方地区植被变化的主导因子,而降水则调控着北方地区植被生长变化。 相似文献
10.
11.
V. Krishna Prasad K. V. S. Badarinath Anuradha Eaturu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2007,89(1-2):95-107
Summary Leaf phenology describes the seasonal cycle of leaf functioning and is essential for understanding the interactions between
the biosphere, the climate and the atmosphere. In this study, we characterized the spatial patterns in phenological variations
in eight contrasting forest types in an Indian region using coarse resolution NOAA AVHRR satellite data. The onset, offset
and growing season length for different forest types has been estimated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).
Further, the relationship between NDVI and climatic parameters has been assessed to determine which climatic variable (temperature
or precipitation) best explain variation in NDVI. In addition, we also assessed how quickly and over what time periods does
NDVI respond to different precipitation events. Our results suggested strong spatial variability in NDVI metrics for different
forest types. Among the eight forest types, tropical dry deciduous forests showed lowest values for summed NDVI (SNDVI), averaged
NDVI (ANDVI) and integrated NDVI (I-NDVI), while the tropical wet evergreen forests of Arunachal Pradesh had highest values.
Within the different evergreen forest types, SNDVI, ANDVI and INDVI were highest for tropical wet evergreen forests, followed
by tropical evergreen forests, tropical semi-evergreen forests and were least for tropical dry evergreen forests. Differences
in the amplitude of NDVI were quite distinct for evergreen forests compared to deciduous ones and mixed deciduous forests.
Although, all the evergreen forests studied had a similar growing season length of 270 days, the onset and offset dates were
quite different. Response of vegetative greenness to climatic variability appeared to vary with vegetation characteristics
and forest types. Linear correlations between mean monthly NDVI and temperature were found to yield negative relationships
in contrast to precipitation, which showed a significant positive response to vegetation greenness. The correlations improved
much for different forest types when the log of cumulative rainfall was correlated against mean monthly NDVI. Of the eight
forest types, the NDVI for six forest types was positively correlated with the logarithm of cumulative rainfall that was summed
for 3–4 months. Overall, this study identifies precipitation as a major control for vegetation greenness in tropical forests,
more so than temperature. 相似文献
12.
Response of the mean global vegetation distribution to interannual climate variability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Michael Notaro 《Climate Dynamics》2008,30(7-8):845-854
The impact of interannual variability in temperature and precipitation on global terrestrial ecosystems is investigated using
a dynamic global vegetation model driven by gridded climate observations for the twentieth century. Contrasting simulations
are driven either by repeated mean climatology or raw climate data with interannual variability included. Interannual climate
variability reduces net global vegetation cover, particularly over semi-arid regions, and favors the expansion of grass cover
at the expense of tree cover, due to differences in growth rates, fire impacts, and interception. The area burnt by global
fires is substantially enhanced by interannual precipitation variability. The current position of the central United States’
ecotone, with forests to the east and grasslands to the west, is largely attributed to climate variability. Among woody vegetation,
climate variability supports expanded deciduous forest growth and diminished evergreen forest growth, due to difference in
bioclimatic limits, leaf longevity, interception rates, and rooting depth. These results offer insight into future ecosystem
distributions since climate models generally predict an increase in climate variability and extremes.
CCR Contribution # 941 相似文献
13.
Effects of Land Use on the Climate of the United States 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Gordon B. Bonan 《Climatic change》1997,37(3):449-486
Land use practices have replaced much of the natural needleleaf evergreen, broadleaf deciduous, and mixed forests of the Eastern United States with crops. To a lesser extent, the natural grasslands in the Central United States have also been replaced with crops. Simulations with a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model show that the climate of the United States with modern vegetation is significantly different from that with natural vegetation. Three important climate signals caused by modern vegetation are: (1) 1 °C cooling over the Eastern United States and 1 °C warming over the Western United States in spring; (2) summer cooling of up to 2 °C over a wide region of the Central United States; and (3) moistening of the near-surface atmosphere by 0.5 to 1.5 g kg-1over much of the United States in spring and summer. Although individual months show large, statistically significant differences in precipitation due to land-use practices, these differences average out over the course of the 3-month seasons. These changes in surface temperature and moisture extend well into the atmosphere, up to 500 mb, and affect the boundary layer and atmospheric circulation. The altered climate is due to reduced surface roughness, reduced leaf and stem area index, reduced stomatal resistance, and increased surface albedo with modern vegetation compared to natural vegetation. The climate change caused by land use practices is comparable to other well known anthropogenic climate forcings. For example, it would take 100 to 175 years at the current, observed rate of summer warming over the United States to offset the cooling from deforestation. The summer sulfate aerosol forcing completely offsets the greenhouse forcing over the Eastern United States. Similarly, the climatic effect of North American deforestation, with extensive summer cooling, further offsets the greenhouse forcing. 相似文献
14.
西北地区MODIS-NDVI指数饱和问题分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了了解西北地区MODIS-NDVI和MODIS-EVI两种植被指数的特点,本文利用美国NASA LP DAAC(Land Process Distributed Active Archive Center)2004年1~12月的250 m分辨率16天植被指数合成的MOD13 Q1数据集,对西北地区不同类型植被NDVI和EVI的特征进行分析,并对西北地区MODIS-NDVI饱和问题进行了初步研究。结果表明:NDVI和EVI对干旱—半干旱气候区植被覆盖度不高的植被类型描述能力相似,月际变化趋势一致。西北地区各种植被类型NDVI比EVI高,NDVI与EVI的差异总体上呈现从半荒漠、草原、农区到林区,随NDVI值的增加而增大的规律。对植被度覆盖度高的阔叶林和针叶林,在植被生长旺盛期,NDVI总在0.8附近波动,NDVI随植被的生长增加的很小,一直维持在一个高且平的范围内,不再能看出植被生长变化的现象,即饱和现象严重;而EVI表现良好,随着植被的生长而增加,能明显地反映出植被生长的季节变化。西北高寒草甸和陕西关中农业区NDVI也出现有不同程度的饱和,饱和时间因植被的不同从1~2月不等。0.8可作为NDVI饱和的阈值。NDVI饱和问题对卫星监测植被的研究和应用会产生误差,EVI能较好地解决NDVI的饱和问题。 相似文献
15.
Assessment of vegetation dynamics and their response to variations in precipitation and temperature in the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
The Tibetan Plateau is a region sensitive to climate change, due to its high altitude and large terrain. This sensitivity can be measured through the response of vegetation patterns to climate variability in this region. Time series analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery and correlation analyses are effective tools to study land cover changes and their response to climatic variations. This is especially important for regions like the Tibetan Plateau, which has a complex ecosystem but lacks a lot of detailed in-situ observation data due to its remoteness, vastness and the severity of its climatic conditions. In this research a time series of 315 SPOT VEGETATION scenes, covering the period between 1998 and 2006, has been processed with the Harmonic ANalysis of Time Series (HANTS) algorithm in order to reveal the governing spatiotemporal pattern of variability. Results show that the spatial distribution of NDVI values is in agreement with the general climate pattern in the Tibetan Plateau. The seasonal variation is greatly influenced by the Asian monsoon. Interannual analysis shows that vegetation density (recorded here by the NDVI values) in the entire Tibetan Plateau has generally increased. Using a 1 km resolution land cover map from GLC2000, seven meteorological stations, presenting monthly data on near surface air temperature and precipitation, were selected for correlation analysis between NDVI and climate conditions in this research. A time lag response has also been found between NDVI and climate variables. Except in desert grassland (Shiquanhe station), the NDVI of all selected sites showed strong correlation with air temperature and precipitation, with variations in correlation according to the different land cover types at different locations. The strongest relationship was found in alpine and subalpine plain grass, the weakest in desert grassland. 相似文献
16.
Fluctuation of farming-pastoral ecotone in association with changing East Asia monsoon climate 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
As a monsoon climate dominated region, East Asia has a high rate of climate variation. Previous studies demonstrated that the East Asian monsoon had weakened since the end of 1970’s; however, contrary to the climatic trend, a common scenario of advancing farming-pastoral ecotone (FPE) has been proposed. The objective of this study is to analyze land surface changes in association with monsoon climate variability over past 25 years in East Asia. A combination of intensive ground survey of vegetation and land use, meteorological data, and remote sensing are used to quantify the relationship between vegetation and climate and to analyze the FPE fluctuations associated with changing climate. Field precipitation data from 1981 to 2005, are used to represent climate variations and to delineate the FPE boundary. NDVI data are used to evaluate greenness-precipitation linkages by vegetation type and to create land cover maps depicting spatial pattern fluctuations of the FPE. This study demonstrates that: (1) There was no persistent northwest shifting trend of either the FPE boundary or vegetation cover during last 25 years. (2) Time integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) varies with precipitation, and the maximum or minimum NDVI may be only sensitive to precipitation for areas with mean annual precipitation lower than approximately 200 mm. (3) A significant relationship exists between NDVI and precipitation variations for areas with mean annual precipitation greater than approximately 300 mm, especially the ecotone with a ΔNDVI of 0.122?±?0.032. (4) The “advances” of FPE closely mimic fluctuations of precipitation in East Asia. 相似文献
17.
基于耶鲁互动生物圈模式（YIBs）,结合FLUXNET网络观测时间超过8 a的站点的观测数据,研究对不同气象因子影响下总初级生产力（Gross Primary Productivity,GPP）的年际变化进行分析,探讨各植被类型GPP年际变化的主要驱动因子。结果表明,光合有效辐射的变化是落叶阔叶林和常绿针叶林站点GPP年际变化的主要驱动因子,贡献了这些森林类型年际变率的80%。相对湿度变化是作物站点GPP年际变化的主要驱动因子,贡献了作物GPP年际变率的65%。温度是灌木丛站点GPP年际变率的重要因子,其贡献率达到58%。草原站点GPP年际变化的不确定性较大,没有统一的主导因子。研究结果表明,气象要素是全球陆地GPP年际变化的主导因素。在未来气候变化背景下,极端气候事件频发可能会进一步增加GPP的年际变率。 相似文献
18.
Liu Weiguang Wang Guiling Yu Miao Chen Haishan Jiang Yelin Yang Meijian Shi Ying 《Climate Dynamics》2020,55(9-10):2725-2742
The future vegetation–climate system over East Asia, as well as its dependence on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), is investigated using a regional climate–vegetation model driven with boundary conditions from Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model: Grid-point Version 2. Over most of the region, due to the rising CO2 concentration and climate changes, the model projects greater vegetation density (leaf area index) and gradual shifts of vegetation type from bare ground to grass or from grass to trees; the projected spatial extent of the vegetation shift increases from RCP2.6 to RCP8.5. Abrupt shifts are projected under RCP8.5 over northeast China (with grass replacing boreal needleleaf evergreen trees due to heat stress) and India (with tropical deciduous trees replacing grass due to increased water availability). The impact of vegetation feedback on future precipitation is relatively weak, while its impact on temperature is more evident, especially during DJF over northeast China and India with differing mechanisms. In northeast China, the projected forest loss induces a cooling through increased albedo, and daytime high temperature (Tmax) is influenced more than nighttime low temperature (Tmin); in India, increased vegetation cover induces an evaporative cooling that outweighs the warming effect of an albedo decrease in DJF, leading to a weaker impact on Tmax than on Tmin. Based on a single model, the qualitative aspects of these results may hold while quantitative assessment will benefit from a follow-up regional model ensemble study driven by multiple general circulation models.
相似文献19.
运用基于Penman-Monteith公式改进得到的模型PML-V2,结合12个FLUXNET站点及其对应的叶面积指数数据,进行蒸散发分离,进而计算并分析内禀水利用率(intrinsic water use efficiency, iWUE)和冠层水利用率(canopy water use efficiency, tWUE)的趋势差异。结果表明,在站点尺度上,两种植被水利用率的变化均存在不一致性。对于落叶阔叶林(deciduous broadleaf forests, DBF),i WUE的增幅比tWUE的增幅大,而在常绿针叶林(evergreen needleleaf forests, ENF)中则相反。在DBF中,冠层导度和蒸腾作用趋势的差异可在一定程度上解释两种植被水利用率的趋势差异。通过回归分析发现森林(包括DBF和ENF)的气温和大气CO2浓度的趋势对tWUE趋势的影响更大。研究结果表明,两种植被水利用率及其趋势存在差异。基于iWUE的研究结果并不能完全反映植被的实际水利用率变化程度,因此也不能全面反映植被与大气的相互作用。本文在站点尺度明确了全球气候变... 相似文献
20.
回顾了以往植被对气候响应的有关研究,从此类研究常使用的数据、方法及获取的结论3个方面进行了分析,重点阐述了归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）对降水、温度和辐射等气候因子的响应特征,并探讨了未来的发展趋势。结果表明,植被NDVI对降水的显著响应往往出现在干旱半干旱地区和干湿季气候差异明显地区,且具有一定的滞后特征,滞后的时间尺度与局地条件关系密切;温度成为植被NDVI 控制因子的情况常出现在温带或寒温带地区,与对降水的滞后响应相比,植被对于温度的滞后响应并不是特别明显;辐射对于植被的主导影响主要出现在低纬度的部分区域、高云量区域和高纬度地区的特定时间段内。认为量化人类在植被对气候变化响应过程中的作用,全球变暖情形下植被对气候响应特征的深入分析,以及植被受气候影响的多尺度特征可能是以后此类研究的发展方向。 相似文献