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1.
高空西风急流东西向形态变化对梅雨期降水空间分布的影响   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
杜银  张耀存  谢志清 《气象学报》2008,66(4):566-576
利用40年的NCEP/NCAR再分析候平均资料和同期长江中下游地区逐日降水资料,使用合成方法分析了梅雨期东亚副热带高空西风急流的东西位置和形态变化特征,探讨了高空西风急流对梅雨期降水空间分布的影响.分析结果表明,梅雨期东亚大陆上空西风急流强度减弱且持续维持、西太平洋上空西风急流核分裂减弱直至出梅后消失,这是梅雨期200 hPa东亚高空西风急流东西向位置变化的主要特征.梅雨期,200 hPa副热带西风急流中心呈现东西向位置变化和海陆分布形态差异,西风急流中心东西向位置变化对梅雨起讫有着较好的指示意义.梅雨期东亚副热带高空西风急流东西形态分布差异不仅影响到长江中下游地区降水空间集中区的位置而且还影响到降水中心强度.进一步分析表明,当东亚西风急流主体位于西太平洋上空时,在长江下游地区形成高低空急流耦合的环流形势,强烈的辐合上升运动加上充足的水汽条件供应,有利于在长江下游形成集中的强降水区域.当高空西风急流位于东亚大陆上空时,在长江中下游地区高低空急流无耦合形势存在,长江中下游地区也没有强的集中降水区域.因此,东亚副热带高空西风急流东西向形态变化对长江中下游地区的高低空环流结构、地面集中降水区域的空间分布具有重要的影响.  相似文献   

2.
2005年江淮流域入梅偏晚的成因分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
汪靖  刘宣飞  韩桂荣  何金海 《气象》2006,32(12):76-81
2005年是江淮流域入梅偏晚年。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、OLR资料和江苏省气象台提供的2005年逐日降水资料,对2005年江淮流域入梅前的异常环流形势进行分析,探讨了西太平洋副热带高压和低层中高纬冷空气的活动异常与东亚大槽、中西太平洋ITCZ以及东亚副热带高空西风急流等活动异常的关系。结果表明,入梅前,东亚大槽发展强盛,ITCZ偏弱以及东亚副热带高空西风急流强劲少动导致西太平洋副热带高压北抬偏晚。同时,东亚副热带高空西风急流的强劲少动也使南下冷空气势力强劲,中低层副热带锋区偏南,抑制了暖湿的东亚夏季风向江淮流域推进。东亚副热带高空西风急流和西太平洋副热带高压向北突跳偏晚是江淮流域2005年入梅偏晚的主要原因。  相似文献   

3.
东亚副热带西风急流位置异常对长江中下游夏季降水的影响   总被引:47,自引:9,他引:47  
况雪源  张耀存 《高原气象》2006,25(3):382-389
利用NCEP/NCAR 200 hPa月平均风场再分析资料,定义东亚大陆对流层上层不同经度上最大西风所在位置的平均纬度为东亚副热带西风急流轴线指数,该指数能准确反映东亚副热带西风急流位置的南北变化及其对长江中下游降水的影响,并能较好地体现东亚夏季风盛行期间对流层低层与高层的纬向风场变化特征。分析表明,该指数的时间变化具有与长江中下游夏季降水较一致的年代际变化及年际振荡特征。对东亚副热带西风急流位置异常年的大气环流差异分析表明,急流异常偏北时,南亚高压偏弱,位置偏北偏西,呈伊朗高压型;西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)偏弱、位置偏东偏北;气流的辐合上升区北移至华北一带,而长江流域低层风场为辐散异常,上升气流较常年偏弱,降水偏少。急流异常偏南时,南亚高压偏强,位置偏南偏东,呈青藏高压型;西太副高偏强、位置偏西偏南;长江流域地区上空低层有较强辐合上升气流,高层有较强的气流辐散,对流旺盛,雨带在此维持,容易引发洪涝。  相似文献   

4.
夏季东亚西风急流扰动异常与副热带高压关系研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
利用1979—2003年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料, 探讨夏季 (6—8月) 200 hPa东亚西风急流扰动异常与南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压的关系。研究指出:夏季200 hPa东亚西风急流扰动动能加强 (减弱), 东亚西风急流位置偏南 (偏北)、强度偏强 (偏弱); 东亚西风急流扰动动能强弱不仅与北半球西风急流强弱和沿急流的定常扰动有关, 而且还与东亚地区高、中、低纬南北向的扰动波列有关, 亚洲地区是北半球中纬度环球带状波列异常最大的区域。夏季200 hPa东亚西风急流扰动动能加强 (减弱), 南亚高压的特征为位置偏东 (偏西)、强度加强 (减弱); 西太平洋副热带高压的特征为位置偏南 (偏北)。东亚环流特别是500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压对东亚西风带扰动异常的响应由高空东亚西风急流南侧的散度场及其对流层中下层热带和副热带地区的垂直速度距平场变化完成。  相似文献   

5.
夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动异常与中国降水   总被引:11,自引:9,他引:11  
杨莲梅  张庆云 《大气科学》2007,31(4):586-595
利用1958~2003年NCAR/NCEP再分析和中国160 站月降水资料,探讨沿东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能异常对东亚夏季风环流和中国夏季(6~8月)降水的影响及其响应机理。研究发现:(1)夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能加强(减弱), 东亚西风急流位置偏南(北)、强度偏强(弱)。(2)该扰动动能具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征, 1958~1978年处于年代际偏弱阶段,1979~1998年处于年代际偏强阶段。(3)该扰动动能加强(减弱), 200 hPa 辐合区位于30?N以南(以北)西太平洋地区,此时,500 hPa 西太平洋副热带高压位于30?N以南(以北), 850 hPa 反气旋性距平环流出现在东亚30?N以南(以北)地区,而30?N以北(以南)为气旋性距平环流,东亚热带季风环流加强(减弱), 梅雨锋加强(减弱), 夏季中国东部降水中间多、南北少(中间少、南北多)。(4)东亚高、中、低层大气环流对高层东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能强弱响应由对流层上层散度场及垂直速度场变化完成。  相似文献   

6.
马音  陈文  王林 《气象学报》2011,69(2):334-343
基于中国160站57年(1951-2007年)的月降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和哈得来中心的海表温度(SST)资料,将江淮梅雨分成淮河梅雨和江南梅雨,分别对这两部分的夏季梅雨期(6-7月)降水量进行了分析,并加以比较.结果表明:淮河和江南梅雨期的降水量存在明显的年际变化,但都没有显著的长期线性趋势;然而,从20世纪90年代末开始,淮河梅雨有显著增加的趋势,而江南梅雨则显著减少.在年际变化的时间尺度上,对应于淮河梅雨的多雨年,大气环流的异常表现为中高纬度的乌拉尔山东部和鄂霍次克海东部地区明显的双阻塞高压型(双阻型)分布,而西太平洋副热带高压(副高)的变化并不显著;副热带东亚地区高空的西风急流轴略有南移,在淮河流域上空形成了显著的西风异常,这使得急流入口区次级环流的异常上升支恰好位于淮河附近,同时北方的冷空气南下与副高西侧的西南气流交汇于淮河流域,这些都有利于降水集中在淮河区域.对应江南梅雨的多雨年,大气环流异常也表现出中高纬度的双阻型分布,但该双阻型的位置较淮河梅雨双阻型的位置明显偏西,特别是鄂霍次克海附近的阻塞高压;同时,西太平洋副高显著加强西伸,加之副热带东亚西风急流轴显著加强南移,从而在黄海到长江以南的大范围地区形成了显著的西风异常,由此引发的急流入口区次级环流的异常上升支主要位于长江以南地区,并且菲律宾附近的反气旋异常增强,使得北方的冷空气与副高西侧的西南气流交汇于江南流域,因此有利于降水集中在江南地区.进一步针对海温的分析表明,北太平洋白令海附近的海温是影响淮河梅雨的关键区,从前冬开始这一区域的正海温异常往往导致中国夏季淮河梅雨的增加;而对应江南梅雨的正异常,菲律宾附近的海温在同期夏季有显著的正异常,研究还发现该海温异常可能与前冬到前春赤道东印度洋附近的正海温异常有关.  相似文献   

7.
李超  张庆云 《气象学报》2013,71(3):452-461
春季长江中下游降水有显着的年际、年代际变化特征,进入21世纪以来长江中下游春季降水偏少现象频繁发生.根据中国国家气候中心160站月平均降水资料和美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)月平均再分析资料,重点探讨春季(3-5月)长江中下游地区降水异常的环流特征、可能成因、机理以及对外强迫的响应.春季长江中下游降水异常偏多(少)的环流主要特征是:高层200hPa风场上东亚副热带西风急流中心位置比气候态偏北(南);中层500hPa亚洲地区的阻塞高压主要发生在乌拉尔山(鄂霍次克海)附近、西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北(南);低层850hPa风场的东亚沿海地区为偏南(北)风距平,有利于(不利于)水汽向长江中下游地区输送.大气环流内部动力过程的分析指出:东亚地区上空Eliassen-Palm(EP)通量散度在40°N为正(负)异常、30°N为负(正)异常,有利于东亚高空西风急流中心位置偏北(南),从而导致春季长江中下游降水偏多(偏少).春季长江中下游降水异常偏多(少)年最显着的前期外强迫信号表现为赤道太平洋海温呈现厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)型.  相似文献   

8.
夏季东亚高空急流月际变化与淮河流域降水异常的关系   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
利用1979~2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料与中国160站降水资料,探讨夏季逐月东亚高空急流异常与淮河流域降水的关系.研究表明,夏季淮河流域降水多寡与东亚高空急流月际变化密切相关.6月淮河流域降水偏多(偏少)的环流特征为东亚高空西风急流位置比气候态偏北(偏南),亚洲中高纬地区呈两脊一槽(两槽一脊)环流型,影响我...  相似文献   

9.
2008年梅雨异常大尺度环流成因分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
牛若芸  金荣花 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1326-1334
利用NCEP再分析资料对2008年江淮梅雨异常特征及其大尺度环流成因进行了分析研究。结果表明: (1)2008年入(出)梅显著偏早、 梅雨期长度略偏短, 梅雨分布呈南涝北旱、 东多西少, 梅雨量偏少、 强度偏弱。(2)该年入梅显著偏早是东亚大气环流由冬季型向夏季型转换提前所致, 副热带高空西风急流北跳、 500 hPa西风带环流调整、 西太平洋副热带高压季节性北跳、 夏季风北涌至江淮流域的时间均早于常年。(3)该年出梅显著偏早的主导因素是冷空气活动。(4)南涝北旱梅雨型是受南亚高压东段脊线位置接近常年、 副热带高压脊线处于适宜梅雨发生纬度带的南段、 低空西南急流和水汽输送带北缘位置以及高空强辐散和中低空强辐合区位置偏南的影响。(5)东多西少梅雨型是冷空气路径偏西所致。(6)梅雨期夏季风北涌至江淮流域活动次数偏少是梅雨量偏少的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
利用夏季川渝地区30个台站降水和NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°的高度场、风场等再分析资料,通过CCA、相关、回归等分析方法,分析了近50年夏季东亚副热带高空西风急流与川渝地区降水的关系。结果表明,东亚副热带西风急流南北位置异常对川渝降水有重要影响。当西风急流轴线偏北(南)时,造成四川盆地西部降水偏多(少),盆地东部和川西高原降水偏少(多),夏季平均急流轴线指数对降水的预报指示意义要好于夏季各月。当西风急流轴线偏北(南)时,对应南亚高压东伸脊点偏西(东)、面积偏小(大),西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏北(南)、西伸脊点偏东(西)、面积偏小(大),这种高低层环流的异常配置造成了川渝地区夏季降水的变化。同时,西风急流轴线南北位置的年代际变化,是导致1965-1982年和1983-2006年四川盆地东部、川西高原降水由少转多、盆地西部由多转少的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

11.
东亚夏季风指数的年际变化与东亚大气环流   总被引:75,自引:9,他引:66  
文中从夏季东亚热带、副热带环流系统特点出发 ,定义了能较好表征东亚夏季风环流年际变化的特征指数 ,并分析了东亚夏季风指数的年际变化与东亚大气环流及夏季中国东部降水的关系。文中定义的东亚夏季风指数既反映了夏季东亚大气环流风场的变化特征 ,也较好地反映了夏季中国东部降水的年际变化特征。此外 ,还探讨了东亚夏季风指数变化的先兆信号  相似文献   

12.
The significant differences of atmospheric circulation between flooding in the Huaihe and Yangtze River valleys during early mei-yu(i.e.,the East Asian rainy season in June) and the related tropical convection were investigated.During the both flooding cases,although the geopotential height anomalies always exhibit equivalent barotropic structures in middle to high latitudes at middle and upper troposphere,the phase of the Rossby wave train is different over Eurasian continent.During flooding in the Huaihe River valley,only one single blocking anticyclone is located over Baikal Lake.In contrast,during flooding in the Yangtze River valley,there are two blocking anticyclones.One is over the Ural Mountains and the other is over Northeast Asia.In the lower troposphere a positive geopotential height anomaly is located at the western ridge of subtropical anticyclone over Western Pacific(SAWP) in both flooding cases,but the location of the height anomaly is much farther north and west during the Huaihe River mei-yu flooding.Furthermore,abnormal rainfall in the Huaihe River valley and the regions north of it in China is closely linked with the latent heating anomaly over the Arabian Sea and Indian peninsula.However,the rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and the regions to its south in China is strongly related to the convection over the western tropical Pacific.Numerical experiments demonstrated that the enhanced latent heating over the Arabian Sea and Indian peninsula causes water vapor convergence in the region south of Tibetan Plateau and in the Huaihe River valley extending to Japan Sea with enhanced precipitation;and vapor divergence over the Yangtze River valley and the regions to its south with deficient precipitation.While the weakened convection in the tropical West Pacific results in moisture converging over the Yangtze River and the region to its south,along with abundant rainfall.  相似文献   

13.
This study investigates the relationship between the soil temperature in May and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation in June and July using station observed soil temperature data over Northwest China from 1971 to 2000.It is found that the memory of the soil temperature at 80-cm depth can persist for at least 2 months,and the soil temperature in May is closely linked to the EASM precipitation in June and July.When the soil temperature is warmer in May over Northwest China,less rainfall occurs over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley but more rainfall occurs over South China in June and July.It is proposed that positive anomalous soil temperature in May over Northwest China corresponds to higher geopotential heights over the most parts of the mainland of East Asia,which tend to weaken the ensuing EASM.Moreover,in June and July,a cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs over Southeast China and Northwest Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly appears in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley at 850 hPa.All the above tend to suppress the precipitation in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley.The results also indicate that the soil temperature in May over Northwest China is closely related to the East Asia/Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern,and it may be employed as a useful predictor for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall.  相似文献   

14.
夏季逐月东亚高空急流异常对我国降水的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
根据1981~2010年NCEP/DOE再分析资料与中国160站降水资料,利用统计学、物理量诊断等方法,探讨夏季东亚季风环流系统重要成员——东亚高空西风急流位置、强度逐月变化与我国降水的关系。分析表明:6~8月东亚高空西风急流比各自气候态位置偏南(北)时,易造成6月华南、江南地区降水、7月江淮流域降水以及8月长江中上游地区降水偏多(少)。本文重点分析2010年6月、2007年7月及2006年8月东亚高空西风急流位置异常时东亚高、低纬度环流特征及其对我国降水影响的物理成因。研究发现:2010年6月东亚高空西风急流稳定在35°N以南。急流轴南侧(北侧)为强辐散(辐合)距平,相应低层辐合(辐散),造成江南、华南地区从低层至高层的强上升运动,配合整层偏西水汽通量距平,为该地区持续性降水提供了有利的动力和水汽条件;2007年7月东亚高空急流位置偏南、强度偏弱,急流月内尺度扰动偏强,使得东亚中高纬度冷空气活动频繁,造成淮河流域出现持续性暴雨;2006年8月东亚高空西风急流位置持续偏北、强度偏强,有利西太平洋副高西伸、北抬,我国四川—重庆地区受副高控制,出现了极端高温干旱天气。  相似文献   

15.
    
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with 5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation system is testified once more in the summer 1998. This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment” and the fruit of it.  相似文献   

16.
Connections between the spring Antarctic Oscillation(AAO)and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM)in two reanalysis datasets—NCEP-1(NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1)and ERA-40(ECMWF 40- year Reanalysis)—are investigated in this study.Both show significant correlation between AAO and EASM rainfall over the Yangtze River valley,especially after about 1985.Though ERA-40 shows weaker anomalous signals connecting AAO and EASM over southern high latitudes than NCEP-1,both datasets reveal similar connecting patterns between ...  相似文献   

17.
The sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to soil moisture anomalies over China was investigated based on ensembles of seasonal simulations(March–September) using the NCEP GCM coupled with the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model(NCEP GCM/SSi B). After a control experiment with free-running soil moisture, two ensembles were performed in which the soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China(YRNC) was double and half that in the control, with the maximum less than the field capacity. The simulation results showed significant sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to wet soil in YRNC. The wetter soil was associated with increased surface latent heat flux and reduced surface sensible heat flux. In turn, these changes resulted in a wetter and colder local land surface and reduced land–sea temperature gradients, corresponding to a weakened East Asian monsoon circulation in an anomalous anticyclone over southeastern China, and a strengthened East Asian trough southward over Northeast China. Consequently, less precipitation appeared over southeastern China and North China and more rainfall over Northeast China. The weakened monsoon circulation and strengthened East Asian trough was accompanied by the convergence of abnormal northerly and southerly flow over the Yangtze River valley, resulting in more rainfall in this region.In the drier soil experiments, less precipitation appeared over YRNC. The East Asian monsoon circulation seems to show little sensitivity to dry soil anomalies in NCEP GCM/SSi B.  相似文献   

18.
南素兰  李建平 《气象学报》2005,63(6):837-846
利用统计方法对春季(4~5月)南半球环状模(SAM)与夏季(6~8月)中国降水的关系作了分析,发现春季南半球环状模指数(SAMI)与夏季长江中下游降水之间存在显著的正相关关系。春季SAM偏强的同期对流层下层在欧亚大陆存在一以蒙古高原和天山山脉为中心的异常反气旋对,从中国东北到华南中纬度地区均为异常的偏北气流控制。这种环流异常形式可以持续到夏季并加强,致使东亚夏季风减弱;春季SAM偏强,夏季西太平洋副热带高压西部脊强度加强,位置偏西,这些异常环流都有利于长江中下游地区降水偏多。另外,春季SAM偏强,夏季长江中下游地区水汽含量增大,向上的垂直运动得到加强,为该地区降水偏多提供了基本的水汽条件。春季SAM偏弱时,夏季东亚大气环流和水汽条件相反。因此,春季SAM为夏季长江中下游汛期降水提供了一有用的前期信号。  相似文献   

19.
In this study, the interannual and interdecadal relationship between midsummer Yangtze River-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) rainfall and the position of the East Asia westerly jet (EAWJ) were investigated. The midsummer YHRV rainfall was found to significantly increase after the 1980s. Moreover, the location of the EAWJ was found abnormally south of the climatic mean during 1980–2008 (ID2) compared to 1951–1979 (ID1). During ID2, associated with the southward movement of the EAWJ, an anomalous upper-level conver-gence occurred over middle-high latitudes (35°–55° N) and divergence occurred over lower latitudes (~30°N) of East Asia. Correspondingly, anomalous descending and ascending motion was observed in middle-high and lower latitudes along 90°–130° E, respectively, favoring more precipitation over YHRV. On an interan-nual time scale, the EAWJ and YHRV rainfall exhibited similar relationships during the two periods. When the EAWJ was centered abnormally southward, rainfall over YHRV tended to increase. However, EAWJ-related circulations were significantly different during the two periods. During ID1, the circulation of the southward-moving EAWJ exhibited alternating positive–negative–positive distributions from low to middle– high latitudes along the East Asian coast; the most significant anomaly appeared west of the Okhotsk Sea. However, during ID2 the EAWJ was more closely correlated with the tropical and subtropical circulations. Significant differences between ID1 and ID2 were also recorded sea surface temperatures (SSTs). During ID1, the EAWJ was influenced by the extratropical SST over the northern Pacific; however, the EAWJ was more significantly affected by the SST of the tropical western Pacific during ID2.  相似文献   

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