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1.
中高纬大气30—60天低频振荡的一种动力学机制   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
杨大升  曹文忠 《大气科学》1995,19(2):209-218
本文着重考虑非均匀基本流的正压局地不稳定性,研究中高纬低频振荡产生的动力机制。基本流是取1980年冬、夏300 hPa的位势场。结果表明正压局地不稳定性能较好地解释中高纬大气30—60 d天振荡。这似乎表明,低频振荡是大尺度大气运动和扰动相互作用的一种固有特征,而不是外源强迫的结果。本文还讨论了适于激发季节内低频振荡的基本流场。初值问题的研究发现中高纬大气30—60 d振荡呈纬向三波模态发展,与初始扰动和基本气流的冬、夏差别无关。  相似文献   

2.
大气对热带热源低频响应的数值研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
杨修群 《气象科学》1990,10(4):384-393
本文设计—关于基本气流线性化的二层球面模式研究大气对不同类型赤道热源的低频响应,分析了全球大气40—50天低频振荡的结构和传播特点。结果表明:全球大气对热带热源响应特征是在热带地区表现为东西向非对称的热源东侧的Kelvin响应和西侧的Rossby响应,高低层反位相;在中高纬响应是具有低频振荡的二维Rossby波列,且具有相当正压结构。低频振荡的传播特征表明热带大气对移动性热源的响应更有利于振荡的向东传播,且该振荡可以沿波列路径向中高纬度传播,然后再折向低纬。二维Rossby波列是联系着热带和中高纬度地区低频振荡的基本动力学途径。该波列的形成取决于基本气流的分布,冬半球波列振幅较大。因此本文认为40—50天低频振荡是全球尺度的现象,它是一涉及到热带对流加热、赤道Kelvin波、亦道Rossby波、二维Rossby波列以及基本气流等动力学相互作用的过程。  相似文献   

3.
李贤琅 《气象学报》1985,43(4):450-457
本文应用多重尺度法研究了在旋转球面上正压大气中有限振幅扰动波包与纬向基本气流的非线性共振相互作用。首先,导出了同时包含色散效应和耗散效应的三波共振非线性耦合方程。然后,在零耗散极限和无规相位近似下,求得了不同模态波包的非线性共振耦合方程。并着重讨论了有限振幅扰动波包与纬向基本气流之间的能量输运过程。结果表明,在旋转球面上正压大气中的有限振幅扰动波包通过非线性共振相互作用能够激发出纬向基本气流,而且其能量最终都要输运给纬向基本气流,直至大气运动成为完全的带状环流为止。从而阐明了非线性共振相互作用是大气旋转适应过程的重要物理机制。  相似文献   

4.
用数值试验的方法,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,在方程中考虑了偶(单)极子的热力强迫作用,并在三个行星波准共振的条件下,模式共积分90d,得到:在偶、单极强迫热源和基本气流强度的共同作用下,三个行星波之间存在很强的波.波相互作用,且波动振荡呈现准双周和季节内振荡。同时偶、单极强迫源及基本气流的强度变化对中高纬大气的低频振荡调制作用不同。在准共振三波流函数场随时间变化的试验结果中,进一步证实了中高纬大气存在较好的低频振荡。  相似文献   

5.
大气低频振荡研究回顾与概述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
徐国强  朱乾根 《气象科技》2003,31(4):193-200
文章对大气低频振荡的研究状况进行了概述,回顾了热带和中高纬大气低频振荡研究的发展情况,低频振荡与季风的关系,并叙述了大气低频振荡的起源和维持机制研究概况。  相似文献   

6.
徐祥德  冉令坤 《大气科学》2007,31(6):1237-1250
波和流是大气中两种最基本的运动形式,两者之间的相互作用可以导致千变万化的天气现象。波流相互作用理论是大气动力学的基本理论之一,该理论的研究具有重要的理论价值和科学意义。波流相互作用的研究主要包括两方面:一方面是可以描述基本气流对波强迫作用的“波作用”(守恒)方程的研究,另一方面是可以描述波对基本气流反馈作用的E-P通量以及波形变、传播等理论的研究。波流相互作用的研究不仅在理论上已取得重要进展,例如, E-P通量的提出,剩余环流的引进,广义E-P通量的出现,三维E-P通量的建立,波作用守恒方程、波动突变、波流稳定性结构、波形变及其大圆路径、低频波遥相关等理论的发展,而且在实际应用上也取得丰硕成果,如科学地解释了赤道平流层东西风准两年振荡、极地平流层爆发性增温、瞬变波对阻高的维持和高空急流加速以及大气低频波遥相关等,特别是为预测行星波的传播,研究风暴轴和诊断分析实际大气中波能集中区和发散区提供了理论基础和科学方法。作者从小振幅和有限振幅扰动两方面回顾了国内外波流相互作用和低频波传播理论的研究进展,重点介绍了大尺度环流系统波流相互作用和波动传播模态的最新研究成果,提出了不同动力、热力背景下多尺度波流相互作用机理及其理论模型,建立了非线性大气动力学突变及其稳定性结构等理论。相对来说,热源强迫和地形强迫引起的波流相互作用中稳定性问题的研究一直比较薄弱,特别是关于大气水分循环过程和青藏高原等复杂大地形影响下不同尺度系统波流相互作用的研究,这也是未来波流相互作用研究的一个重要内容。  相似文献   

7.
2008年初瞬变涡在中高纬阻高异常中的作用分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
2008年1月中旬到2月上旬,我国南方地区发生了历史罕见的、大范围的严重冰冻雨雪天气,中高纬大气环流异常尤其是乌拉尔阻塞高压(下称乌阻)异常发展、维持是非常重要的原因之一。为了探究中高纬阻塞高压(阻高)稳定维持的内在物理机制,以2008年初中高纬的一次阻塞过程为例,利用NCEP逐日再分析资料,从瞬变涡对平均经向、纬向气流的强迫作用、瞬变涡的动量输送以及瞬变涡的热量输送等方面分析和讨论了瞬变涡在中高纬阻高发展维持过程中所起的作用。结果表明,瞬变涡通过对平均流的强迫作用来加强阻高周围的反气旋气流。阻高区域内纬向气流的平均动能不断地转化成瞬变涡动能,而阻高北侧西风气流区域内瞬变涡动能则不断地向纬向气流的平均动能转化,这使得西风急流得以维持,有利于阻高的维持和发展。阻高区域内具有较强的瞬变涡热量输送,使得该区域内的温度梯度强度减弱,这在一定程度上又导致了平均西风气流的减弱,有利于阻高的发展和维持。  相似文献   

8.
球面斜压大气中上传行星波与纬向平均气流的相互作用   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8  
黄荣辉  邹捍 《大气科学》1989,13(4):383-392
本文指出在球面斜压大气中的行星尺度扰动与纬向平均气流相互作用中必须考虑非地转风分量对位涡度南北方向输送的作用,从而证明了球面大气中行星尺度运动的波作用守恒,并求得球面大气中的行星尺度扰动与纬向平均气流相互作用的欧拉平均运动方程组。 本义利用1979年2月的实际天气观测资料分析了北半球一次对流层阻塞形势建立与平流层爆发性增温过程的行星波与纬向平均气流的相互作用。从分析结果可以看到:由于行星波向上传播,使得在高纬度对流层中、上层出现行星波的波作用通量(也称E-P通量)辐合,使得西风气流减速,因而在高纬度对流层中、上层形成阻塞形势。并且,随着行星波的继续向上传播,使得平流层下、中层的基本气流相继减速并出现东风,因而在平流层下、中层出现爆发性增温。然而,由于高纬度对流层低层出现东风,行星波不能往上传播,在上层波的E-P通量矢量变成辐散,气流由东风又变成西风。  相似文献   

9.
近几十年的研究普遍认为,纬向平均气流的偏差所引起的热量和动量输送在大气环流维持中起着决定作用,而且产生这些偏差的涡动,基本上是与瞬变天气波动相联系的。有人认为,Rossby波的基本流型、急流、锋面、切变线、斜压波和切断环流的结构和演变均可由涡旋向量(切变与曲率)的分布加以分析和说明。  相似文献   

10.
ENSO事件与北半球中高纬低频振荡   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
采用诊断方法研究了E1 Nino和La Nina事件与北半球中高纬大气低频振荡。用1950—2003年北半球中高纬逐日500hPa高度场资料进行功率谱分析得出:(1)ENSO事件对中高纬大气低频振荡有调频作用,即夏季低频振荡较弱,冬季低频振荡较强。(2)E1 Nino(La Nina)事件有使低频振荡周期缩短(延长)的趋势。(3)ENSO事件对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用比中低纬明显。  相似文献   

11.
Since the interaction between atmospheric synoptic eddy(SE)(2–8 days) activity and low-frequency(LF)(monthly)flow(referred to as SELF) plays an essential role in generating and maintaining dominant climate modes,an evaluation of the performance of BCC_CSM1.1(m) in simulating the SE feedback onto the LF flow is given in this paper.The model captures well the major spatial features of climatological eddy vorticity forcing,eddy-induced growth rate,and patterns of SELF feedback for the climate modes with large magnitudes in cold seasons and small magnitudes in warm seasons for both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.As in observations,the eddy-induced growth rate and SELF feedback patterns in the model also show positive SE feedback.Overall,the relationships between SE and LF flow show that BCC_CSM1.1(m)satisfactorily captures the basic features of positive SE feedback,which demonstrates the simulation skill of the model for LF variability.Specifically,such an evaluation can help to find model biases of BCC_CSM1.1(m) in simulating SE feedback,which will provide a reference for the model's application.  相似文献   

12.
This paper explores the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the air-sea interaction in the North Atlantic region, particularly the interaction between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) tripole. A linearized five-layer primitive equation atmospheric model with synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) interaction is coupled with a linearized oceanic mixed-layer model to investigate this issue. In this model, the “climatological” storm track/activity (or synoptic eddy activity) is characterized in terms of spatial structures, variances, decay time scales and propagation speeds through the complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis on the observed data, which provides a unique tool to investigate the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the North Atlantic air–sea coupling. Model experiments show that the NAO-like atmospheric circulation anomalies can produce tripole-like SSTA in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the tripole-like SSTA can excite a NAO-like dipole with an equivalent barotropic structure in the atmospheric circulation, which suggests a positive feedback between the NAO and the SSTA tripole. This positive feedback makes the NAO/SSTA tripole-like mode be the leading mode of the coupled dynamical system. The synoptic eddy feedback plays an essential role in the origin of the NAO/SSTA tripole-like leading mode and the equivalent barotropic structure in the atmosphere. Without synoptic eddy feedback, the atmosphere has a baroclinic structure in the response field to the tripole-like SSTA forcing, and the leading mode of the dynamic system does not resemble NAO/SSTA tripole pattern.  相似文献   

13.
Interaction between synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) has been the subject of many studies. In this study, we further examine the interaction by introducing a transformed eddy-potential-vorticity (TEPV) flux that is obtained from eddy-potential-vorticity flux through a quasi-geostrophic potential-vorticity inversion. The main advantage of using the TEPV flux is that it combines the effects of the eddy-vorticity and heat fluxes into the net acceleration of the low-frequency flow in such a way that the TEPV flux tends to be analogous to the eddy-vorticity fluxes in the barotropic framework. We show that the anomalous TEPV fluxes are preferentially directed to the left-hand side of the low-frequency flow in all vertical levels throughout the troposphere for monthly flow anomalies and for climate modes such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Furthermore, this left-hand preference of the TEPV flux direction is a convenient three-dimensional indicator of the positive reinforcement of the low-frequency flow by net eddy-induced acceleration. By projecting the eddy-induced net accelerations onto the low-frequency flow anomalies, we estimate the eddy-induced growth rates for the low frequency flow anomalies. This positive eddy-induced growth rate is larger (smaller) in the lower (upper) troposphere. The stronger positive eddy feedback in the lower troposphere may play an important role in maintaining an equivalent barotropic structure of the low-frequency atmospheric flow by balancing some of the strong damping effect of surface friction.  相似文献   

14.
With the specified basic flow in the Northern Hemisphere winter, a study is made of the structure characteristics and mechanism of the principal mode of atmospheric low-frequency variability in terms of a linear barotropic model. Statistical and dynamical analyses of the model results indicate that the mode and the related dominant-forcing excitation zone are featured by evident spatial distribution and that the mechanism responsible for the mode bears re-lation to the zonal asymmetry of the basic flow and the associated barotropic energy conversion.  相似文献   

15.
Based on monthly mean sea level pressure grids objectively reconstructed by Luterbacher et al. variations of dynamical modes of the atmospheric circulation for January and July are described by novel indices for running 31-year periods between 1659 and 1999. These indices reflect the continuous evolution of the atmospheric circulation not only with regard to frequency changes of major dynamical modes but also in terms of internal changes within each mode concerning both dynamic (vorticity, intensity) and climatic properties (Central European temperature and precipitation during occurrence of each mode, respectively). Results indicate the great importance of within-mode variations: the zonal circulation mode in January, varying in frequency with long-term cycles, primarily changed its dynamic and climatic properties (towards higher indices) during the transition from the Little Ice Age to modern conditions between 1800 and 1930. Within the Russian High mode of January a change in preference from easterly to westerly patterns above Central Europe occurred around 1850. For July, a striking frequency maximum of the westerly mode at the end of the eighteenth century coincided with a period of marked summer warmth in Central Europe due to negative/positive deviations in vorticity/temperature during occurrence of this mode. The long-term evolution in July indicates a general increase of anticyclonic conditions strengthening during the last 50 years towards a unique phenomenon within the last centuries. The strong increase in the winter-time westerly circulation during the last decades, however, does not appear extraordinary in view of the low-frequency variations of this mode.  相似文献   

16.
Summary ?The fields of sea-level height anomaly (SLHA) and surface zonal wind anomaly (SZWA) have been analyzed to investigate the typical evolution of spatial patterns during El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Sea surface temperature (SST) changes during ENSO events are represented as an irregular interplay of two dominant modes, low-frequency mode and biennial mode. Cyclostationary principal component (PC) time series of the former variables are regressed onto the PC time series of the two dominant SSTA modes to find the spatial patterns of SLHA and SZWA consistent with the two SSTA modes. The two regressed patterns of SLHA explain a large portion of SLHA total variability. The reconstruction of SLHA using only the two components reasonably depicts major ENSO events. Although the low-frequency component of SST variability is much larger than the biennial component, the former does not induce strong Kelvin and Rossby waves. The biennial mode induces much stronger dynamical ocean response than the low-frequency mode. Further decomposition of the SLHA modes into Kelvin and Rossby components shows how these two types of equatorial waves evolve during typical ENSO events. The propagation and reflection of these waves are clearly portrayed in the regressed patterns leading to a better understanding of the wave mechanism in the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO. A close examination suggests that the delayed action oscillator hypothesis is generally consistent with the analysis results reported here. Rossby wave development in the central Pacific in the initiation stage of ENSO and the subsequent reflection of Kelvin waves at the western boundary seems to be an important mechanism for further development of ENSO. The development of Kelvin waves forced by the surface wind in the far-western Pacific cannot be ruled out as a possible mechanism for the growth of ENSO. While Kelvin waves in the far-western Pacific serve as an intiation mechanism of ENSO, they also cause the termination of existing ENSO condition in the central and eastern Pacific, thereby leading to a biennial oscillation over the tropical Pacific. The Kelvin waves from the western Pacific erode the thermocline structure in the central Pacific preventing further devlopment of ENSO and ultimately terminating it. It should be emphasized that this wave mechanism is clear and active only in the biennial mode. Received August 15, 2001; revised March 6, 2002  相似文献   

17.
与北极涛动或北半球环状模相关的纬向对称的正规模态   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
作为一个全球气候变率的重要模态,北极涛动或北半球环状模态(AO/NAM)一般由北半球海平面气压变率的EOF1来表示。但是通常认为EOF1仅有统计学意义而并不能够表明它是否是一种实际的物理模态。另一方面,现有的波-流相互作用理论也仅能给出纬向风的纬向平均状况,而不能够保证沿着某一纬圈的变化,所以它并不意味着一个具有半球尺度的纬向对称的相干结构能够组织起来。因此AO/NAM的形成机制仍然是一个具有争议的问题。文章提出纬向对称的或环状的正规模态与基本气候态附近的线性(进而非线性)动力学之间有着最直接的联系,因而可能在AO/NAM动力学的理解中扮演重要角色。为了深入探讨AO/NAM的动力学本质,使用p-坐标球面原始方程计算了冬季北半球及全球气候基本态附近的线性动力系统纬向对称的正规模态,发现在半球尺度上的纬向对称正规模态具有AO/NAM的经向偶极子及垂直方向近似正压的空间结构特征。而这些纬向对称正规模的时间变化尺度取决于与其他非纬向对称正规模间的相互作用。从而说明了AO/NAM可能是半球尺度上纬向对称正规模态的动力学行为的反映。  相似文献   

18.
A set of 12 state-of-the-art coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (OAGCMs) is explored to assess their ability to simulate the main teleconnections between the West African monsoon (WAM) and the tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at the interannual to multi-decadal time scales. Such teleconnections are indeed responsible for the main modes of precipitation variability observed over West Africa and represent an interesting benchmark for the models that have contributed to the fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC4). The evaluation is based on a maximum covariance analysis (MCA) applied on tropical SSTs and WAM rainfall. To distinguish between interannual and multi-decadal variability, all datasets are partitioned into low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components prior to analysis. First applied to HF observations, the MCA reveals two major teleconnections. The first mode highlights the strong influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The second mode reveals a relationship between the SST in the Gulf of Guinea and the northward migration of the monsoon rainbelt over the West African continent. When applied to HF outputs of the twentieth century IPCC4 simulations, the MCA provides heterogeneous results. Most simulations show a single dominant Pacific teleconnection, which is, however, of the wrong sign for half of the models. Only one model shows a significant second mode, emphasizing the OAGCMs’ difficulty in simulating the response of the African rainbelt to Atlantic SST anomalies that are not synchronous with Pacific anomalies. The LF modulation of these HF teleconnections is then explored through running correlations between expansion coefficients (ECs) for SSTs and precipitation. The observed time series indicate that both Pacific and Atlantic teleconnections get stronger during the twentieth century. The IPCC4 simulations of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries do not show any significant change in the pattern of the teleconnections, but the dominant ENSO teleconnection also exhibits a significant strengthening, thereby suggesting that the observed trend could be partly a response to the anthropogenic forcing. Finally, the MCA is also applied to the LF data. The first observed mode reveals a well-known inter-hemispheric SST pattern that is strongly related to the multi-decadal variability of the WAM rainfall dominated by the severe drying trend from the 1950s to the 1980s. Whereas recent studies suggest that this drying could be partly caused by anthropogenic forcings, only 5 among the 12 IPCC4 models capture some features of this LF coupled mode. This result suggests the need for a more detailed validation of the WAM variability, including a dynamical interpretation of the SST–rainfall relationships.  相似文献   

19.
东亚和西北太平洋地区气候的准10年尺度振荡及其可能机制   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
本文基于对气候、大气环流和海表水温的资料分析以及简单的理想化海气耦合模式的分析,研究了东亚和西北太平洋地区气候的准10年振荡及其可能机制。研究表明,东亚和西北太平洋地区的气候(降水和地面气温等)和大气环流(环流指数和副高活动等)的演变都有明显的准10年振荡;同赤道太平洋SSTA主要为ENSO循环不同,西北太平洋SSTA主要表现为准10年尺度的振荡,且同气候和大气环流的准10年变化密切相关;中纬度海-气相互作用可产生一种甚低频耦合波(10年左右周期),它可能是海气系统准10年振荡的重要机制之一  相似文献   

20.
最近的一系列研究工作指出,大气环流基本气流纬向非对称结构是产生大气低频变化的重要因子之一。在低频时间尺度上,大气运动必然要受到外强迫因子的影响。但外因必须通过大气环流运动中的内因才能产生低频环流变化。我们认为这个内因与时间平均基本气流  相似文献   

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