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1.
用气象卫星资料估算吉林省主要农作物产量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
净第一性生产力(Npp)分析是全球变化研究中广为利用的方法,利用气象卫星资料获得年际植被指数(Iv)估算Npp建立不同作物的Npp与其产量的关系模型,即可实现对粮食总产和不同作物产量的估算。文中介绍了应用净第一性生产力遥感(NPP—RS)模型对吉林省粮食总产和主要作物产量进行估算的方法。采用NPP—RS模型,对1995~2000年吉林省的粮食总产及主要农作物玉米、水稻产量进行了动态估算。对粮食总产估产的平均相对误差为13.6%,玉米的平均相对误差为17.6%,水稻的平均相对误差为6.7%。要提高用此方法进行遥感估产的精度,还需要对当年的种植制度、种植结构的变化有所了解,注意当年的灾情,增加灾害影响系数。  相似文献   

2.
湖北省粮食总产预测预报初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
冯明 《湖北气象》1997,(4):26-28
1 前言 湖北省政府及其有关职能部门除需要提前了解当年全省各主要作物产量之外,更关心全年粮食总产的丰歉。因此气象部门开展全年粮食总产预测预报业务与服务具有一定的现实意义,也是气象科技人员多年开展单项作物产量预报业务的一个升华。湖北省地理位置特殊,气候复杂多变,影响粮食作物总产的气象要素多样,再加上境内粮食作物品种较多、分布较广,一旦气候波动或异常,就会引起粮食总产不稳。因此,开展全省全年粮食作物总产预测预报业务与服务有利于政府部门合理制定农业经济计划和进行宏观经济决策。  相似文献   

3.
近45年驻马店地区大豆产量变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
驻马店地区大豆产量变化特征为总产减少,单产提高缓慢,生产形势严峻,单产变化对总产变化的平均相对作用为88%,单产的变化决定了总产的变化;在影响单产变化的因素中,气象因素的作用为91%,决定了单产的变化,提高大豆生产水平要解决的关键问题是增加生产中的科技含量和从根本上扭转气象条件的左右。  相似文献   

4.
为了探索基于多源卫星产品组建长时间序列NDVI并开展生态监测与灾害评估的可能性,利用相关系数、均方根误差、标准差和平均偏差等方法,结合泰勒图,对呼伦贝尔地区2012—2021年基于Terra和NPP卫星逐16 d的NDVI产品进行比较。结果表明:NPP/NDVI的多年均值略高于Terra/NDVI,两者在草原植被类型下的一致性最优,其次为耕地,森林植被的一致性较差。在呼伦贝尔非植被生长季,Terra/NDVI与NPP/NDVI的偏差主要集中在森林,且以Terra/NDVI偏高为主。在植被生长季初期2种NDVI产品的偏差呈现零散、随机分布,中期的偏差相对较小,生长季后期则以Terra/NDVI小于NPP/NDVI的负偏差为主。虽然2种卫星产品的总体偏差不大,但在开展NDVI的距平分析或计算VCI等指数时,较小的偏差会被放大。呼伦贝尔草地在考虑两种NDVI产品偏差纠正的前提下基本可替代使用,而耕地、林地植被的协同应用仍需谨慎。  相似文献   

5.
利用2000—2015年MOD17A3数据和气象站点资料,分析呼伦贝尔市NPP的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应情况。研究表明,呼伦贝尔市平均植被NPP为261.02 gC/(m~2·a),总体呈自西向东依次递增的分布格局。NPP的年际变化呈波动增长趋势,平均变化率为5.51gC/(m~2·a),线性增长达到显著的区域主要位于呼伦贝尔草原、大兴安岭南部林地和大兴安岭与松嫩平原过渡的耕地。16个气象站周边的NPP与各站年降水量均呈正相关,且除莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗(简称莫旗)外均通过了0.01水平的显著性检验,NPP与年平均气温均呈负相关,但除海拉尔区外均未通过显著性检验,NPP与日照时数正、负相关的台站同时存在。由此可知,降水是影响呼伦贝尔市NPP变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

6.
近30年乌鲁木齐地区自然植被净第一性生产力变化分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用周广胜、张新时提出的自然植被净第一性生产力模型,估算分析了乌鲁木齐地区近30年自然植被净第一性生产力(NPP)的时空变化。结果表明,除后峡地区的NPP呈递减趋势外,其它各地的NPP总体上呈递增趋势;中山带的NPP最高,亚高山、高寒、低山和山前荒漠地带依次降低;气候变暖除对高寒地带的自然植被的NPP有一定的正效应外,对其它地区的NPP均产生较明显的负效应;年降水量的增加对提高自然植被净第一性生产力具有积极作用。  相似文献   

7.
针对《巴黎协定》提出的温控目标,利用耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(CMIP5)模式在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下的模拟结果,初步分析了全球升温情景下陆地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP)相对于参考时段(1986—2005年)的变化,重点分析了1.5℃和2℃升温时NPP相对于参考时段的变化量,并探讨了大气CO2浓度、气温、降水和辐射的变化及其对NPP变化的影响。CMIP5基于各典型浓度路径模拟的全球陆地生态系统NPP均呈增加趋势,且NPP增加量与升温幅度成正比。在相同的升温幅度下,基于各典型浓度路径模拟的各环境因子和NPP的变化量较为一致。陆地生态系统NPP总量增加主要由大气CO2浓度上升驱动,其他环境因子的影响相对较弱。中国东南部、非洲中部、美国东南部和亚马孙雨林西部地区NPP增加最明显。NPP变化量的空间格局主要由大气CO2浓度增加和升温控制,降水和辐射的影响相对较小。具体而言,大气CO2浓度上升对中低纬度的NPP变化贡献最大,对北方高纬度地区NPP变化贡献较小。温度上升有利于促进北方高纬度地区和青藏高原地区NPP,但对中低纬度地区的NPP有较强的抑制作用。鉴于既有典型浓度路径和地球系统模型的限制,本文对未来升温情景下陆地生态系统NPP的预估仍存在较大的不确定性,需要在未来的研究中进一步改进。  相似文献   

8.
基于MODIS的森林植被净初级生产力(NPP)数据,辅以气候和土地利用数据,利用GIS和统计分析方法,探讨了2005—2015年广东省森林植被NPP的时空特征。结果表明:1)时间趋势上,2005—2015年广东省森林植被年NPP均值以及年NPP总量总体上均呈现波动上升的趋势。2)空间分布上,2005—2015年广东省森林植被NPP存在空间异质性。年NPP均值最大值为潮州市,最低的地区是中山市和湛江市。3)空间趋势上,广东省森林植被NPP有15.93%为无显著变化区域,显著上升和显著下降区域分别为63.45%和20.62%;2005—2015年广东省森林植被NPP呈显著下降的区域主要分布广东省北部地区的清远市、韶关市、河源市、梅州市以及零星分布在南部的湛江市,NPP呈显著上升的区域主要分布在广东省的中南部地区茂名市、阳江市、云浮市等。4)气温和降水对森林植被NPP均值的影响呈现明显的空间分异特征。  相似文献   

9.
赵玲  周锁铨 《气象》2005,31(3):27-30
利用陆面过程与植被生理生长过程耦合的BATS1E模式,使用大兴安岭林区漠河2001年和2002年常规地面气象观测资料和辐射观测资料,对我国北方寒温带落叶针叶林生长与气候因子之间的关系进行了试验模拟分析。结果表明:在不同的时间尺度上。NPP与气候因子之间的关系不同,NPP的日变化与太阳辐射关系最为密切.逐日NPP与日降水量具有一定的反相关关系,月NPP与月平均气温存在着明显的正相关关系。  相似文献   

10.
利用历年气象资料和作物观测资料,分析了驻马店各季的气象条件和气象灾害对作物生长的影响,提出了现有作物种植的弊端,分析了改进作物种植方法的必要性和紧迫性,并提出了改进措施。  相似文献   

11.
Increases in the number of large-scale land transactions (LSLTs), commonly known as ‘land grabbing’ or ‘global land rush,’ have occurred throughout the lower- and middle-income world over the past two decades. Despite substantial and continuing concerns about the negative socio-environmental impacts of LSLTs, trade-off analysis on boosting crop yield and minimizing climate-related effects remains limited. Our study makes use of a global dataset on LSLTs for agricultural production to estimate potential carbon emissions based on different scenarios of land cover change and fertilizer use, as well as potential value of agricultural production on transacted land. We show that, if fully implemented on ∼ 38 M ha of transacted land, 2.51 GtC will be emitted during land conversion, with another 24.2 MtC/year emitted from fertilizer use, assuming farming technology of investors’ origin is adopted on transacted land. Comparison of different combinations of forest protection policies and agricultural intensification levels reveals that enforcing strict deforestation regulation while promoting fertilizer use rate improves the carbon efficiency of agricultural production. Additionally, positive spillovers of investors’ farming technology on existing arable lands of host countries can potentially double their crop yield. Our analyses thus suggest that fostering agricultural intensification and technology spillovers under strict regulation on land allocation to investors to protect forests would allow for boosting agricultural yield while minimizing carbon emissions.  相似文献   

12.
Afforestation of marginal agricultural lands represents a promising option for carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. An ecosystem carbon model was used to generate new national maps of annual net primary production (NPP), one each for continuous land covers of ‘forest’, ‘crop’, and ‘rangeland’ over the entire U. S. continental area. Direct inputs of satellite “greenness” data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor into the NASA-CASA carbon model at 8-km spatial resolution were used to estimate spatial variability in monthly NPP and potential biomass accumulation rates in a uniquely detailed manner. The model predictions of regrowth forest production lead to a conservative national projection of 0.3 Pg C as potential carbon stored each year on relatively low-production crop or rangeland areas. On a regional level, the top five states for total crop afforestation potential were: Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri, whereas the top five states for total rangeland afforestation potential are: Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico, and Colorado. Afforestation at this level of intensity has the capacity to offset at least one-fifth of annual fossil fuel emission of carbon in the United States. These projected afforestation carbon gains also match or exceed recent estimates of the annual sink for atmospheric CO2 in currently forested area of the country.  相似文献   

13.
Climate change impacts food production systems, particularly in locations with large, vulnerable populations. Elevated greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as land cover/land use change (LCLUC), can influence regional climate dynamics. Biophysical factors such as topography, soil type, and seasonal rainfall can strongly affect crop yields. We used a regional climate model derived from the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to compare the effects of projected future GHG and future LCLUC on spatial variability of crop yields in East Africa. Crop yields were estimated with a process-based simulation model. The results suggest that: (1) GHG-influenced and LCLUC-influenced yield changes are highly heterogeneous across this region; (2) LCLUC effects are significant drivers of yield change; and (3) high spatial variability in yield is indicated for several key agricultural sub-regions of East Africa. Food production risk when considered at the household scale is largely dependent on the occurrence of extremes, so mean yield in some cases may be an incomplete predictor of risk. The broad range of projected crop yields reflects enormous variability in key parameters that underlie regional food security; hence, donor institutions’ strategies and investments might benefit from considering the spatial distribution around mean impacts for a given region. Ultimately, global assessments of food security risk would benefit from including regional and local assessments of climate impacts on food production. This may be less of a consideration in other regions. This study supports the concept that LCLUC is a first-order factor in assessing food production risk.  相似文献   

14.
Climate Change Impacts for the Conterminous USA: An Integrated Assessment   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
PNNLs Agriculture and Land Use is used to demonstrate the impact of potential changes in climate on agricultural production and land use in the United States. AgLU simulates production of four crop types in several world regions, in 15-yr time steps from 1990 to 2095. Changes in yield of major field crops in the United States, for 12 climate scenarios, are obtained from simulations of the EPIC crop growth model. Results from the HUMUS model are used to constrain crop irrigation, and BIOME3 model is used to simulate productivity of unmanaged ecosystems. Assumptions about changes in agricultural productivity outside the United States are treated on a scenario basis, either responding in the same way as in the United States, or not responding to climate.  相似文献   

15.
The interaction between climate and vegetation along four Pole-Equator-Pole (PEP) belts were explored using a global two-way coupled model, AVIM-GOALS, which links the ecophysiological processes at the land surface with the general circulation model (GCM). The PEP belts are important in linking the climate change with the variation of sea and land, including terrestrial ecosystems. Previous PEP belts studies have mainly focused on the paleoclimate variation and its reconstruction. This study analyzes and discusses the interaction between modern climate and vegetation represented by leaf area index (LAI) and net primary production (NPP). The results show that the simulated LAI variation, corresponding to the observed LAI variation, agrees with the peak-valley variation of precipitation in these belts. The annual mean NPP simulated by the coupled model is also consistent with PIK NPP data in its overall variation trend along the four belts, which is a good example to promote global ecological studies by coupling the climate and vegetation models. A large discrepancy between the simulated and estimated LAI emerges to the south of 15°N along PEP 3 and to the south of 18°S in PEP 1S, and the discrepancy for the simulated NPP and PIK data in the two regions is relatively smaller in contrast to the LAI difference. Precipitation is a key factor affecting vegetation variation, and the overall trend of LAI and NPP corresponds more obviously to precipitation variation than temperature change along most parts of these PEP belts.  相似文献   

16.
Greenhouse gas abatement policies will increase the demand for renewable sources of energy, including bioenergy. In combination with a global growing demand for food, this could lead to a food-fuel competition for bio-productive land. Proponents of bioenergy have suggested that energy crop plantations may be established on less productive land as a way of avoiding this potential food-fuel competition. However, many of these suggestions have been made without any underlying economic analysis. In this paper, we develop a long-term economic optimization model (LUCEA) of the U.S. agricultural and energy system to analyze this possible competition for land and to examine the link between carbon prices, the energy system dynamics and the effect of the land competition on food prices. Our results indicate that bioenergy plantations will be competitive on cropland already at carbon taxes about US $20/ton C. As the carbon tax increases, food prices more than double compared to the reference scenario in which there is no climate policy. Further, bioenergy plantations appropriate significant areas of both cropland and grazing land. In model runs where we have limited the amount of grazing land that can be used for bioenergy to what many analysts consider the upper limit, most of the bioenergy plantations are established on cropland. Under the assumption that more grazing land can be used, large areas of bioenergy plantations are established on grazing land, despite the fact that yields are assumed to be much lower (less than half) than on crop land. It should be noted that this allocation on grazing land takes place as a result of a competition between food and bioenergy production and not because of lack of it. The estimated increase in food prices is largely unaffected by how much grazing land can be used for bioenergy production.  相似文献   

17.
Net primary production (NPP) of crop represents the capacity of sequestrating atmospheric CO2 in agro-ecosystem, and it plays an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling. By linking the Crop-C model with climate change scenario projected by a coupled GCM FGOALS via geographical information system (GIS) techniques, crop NPP in China was simulated from 2000 to 2050. The national averaged surface air temperature from FGOALS is projected to increase by 1.0℃ over this period and the corresponding atmospheric CO2 concentration is 535 ppm by 2050 under the IPCC A1B scenario. With a spatial resolution of 10 ×10 km^2, model simulation indicated that an annual average increase of 0.6 Tg C yr^-1 (Tg=10^12 g) would be possible under the A1B scenario. The NPP in the late 2040s would increase by 5% (30 Tg C) within the 98×10^6 hm^2 cropland area in contrast with that in the early 2000s. A further investigation suggested that changes in the NPP would not be evenly distributed in China. A higher increase would occur in a majority of regions located in eastern and northwestern China, while a slight reduction would appear in Hebei and Tianjin in northern China. The spatial characteristics of the crop NPP change are attributed primarily to the uneven distribution of temperature change.  相似文献   

18.
Food production in China is a fundamental component of the national economy and driver of agricultural policy. Sustaining and increasing output to meet growing demand faces significant challenges including climate change, increasing population, agricultural land loss and competing demands for water. Recent warming in China is projected to accelerate by climate models with associated changes in precipitation and frequency of extreme events. How changes in cereal production and water availability due to climate change will interact with other socio-economic pressures is poorly understood. By linking crop and water simulation models and two scenarios of climate (derived from the Regional Climate Model PRECIS) and socio-economic change (downscaled from IPCC SRES A2 and B2) we demonstrate that by the 2040s the absolute effects of climate change are relatively modest. The interactive effects of other drivers are negative, leading to decreases in total production of ?18% (A2) and ?9% (B2). Outcomes are highly dependent on climate scenario, socio-economic development pathway and the effects of CO2 fertilization on crop yields which may almost totally offset the decreases in production. We find that water availability plays a significant limiting role on future cereal production, due to the combined effects of higher crop water requirements (due to climate change) and increasing demand for non-agricultural use of water (due to socio-economic development). Without adaptation, per capita cereal production falls in all cases, by up to 40% of the current baseline.By simulating the effects of three adaptation scenarios we show that for these future scenarios China is able to maintain per capita cereal production, given reasonable assumptions about policies on land and water management and progress in agricultural technology. Our results are optimistic because PRECIS simulates much wetter conditions than a multi-model average, the CO2 crop yield response function is highly uncertain and the effects of extreme events on crop growth and water availability are likely to be underestimated.  相似文献   

19.
中国农业气象业务系统(CAgMSS)设计与实现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
中国农业气象业务系统(CAgMSS)是基于C/S架构,研发的面向国家级和省级农业气象服务的业务工作平台,主要包括农业气象监测评价、作物产量预报、灾害监测评估、农用天气预报等子系统,是农业气象业务的基础性软件。系统融合现代信息技术和农业气象业务技术,实现了全部子系统数据管理、模型运算、产品制作等业务流程的一体化。系统采用大型关系型数据库规范了农业气象各类业务数据,基于插件技术集成各项业务功能,实现多元数据、多指标、多模型在农业气象监测、评价、预报等领域的综合应用,提高了农业气象产品的定量化、精细化、客观化水平。系统于2012年投入业务应用,基于该系统制作的农业气象情报、作物产量气象预报、农业气象灾害影响评估、关键农时农事气象保障等服务产品,在指导全国农业生产和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,明显提高了农业气象业务能力和业务工作效率。  相似文献   

20.
Industrial phosphorus (P) fertilizer has substantially improved global food production, but has also led to environmental impacts. Intensive global agricultural trade has increased and the impacts of trade on aggravating or alleviating future P scarcity must be examined, especially for the most vulnerable countries. We combined data to estimate the global P trade among countries and its impacts on global P flows, based on global agricultural trade, cropland soil P budgets and crop P fertilizer footprints (the amount of industrial P fertilizer applied for producing one unit of P in the harvested crop). The global agricultural P trade represented a fraction of 16% of P in harvested crops in 2014, half of which was exported from the United States of America, Brazil and the European Union and one fifth imported by China. Virtual P fertilizer flows (about 2.60 Tg P y-1) referred to industrial P fertilizers applied to traded crops by exporting countries; thus, 1/3 of global virtual P fertilizer flows were associated with the international soybean trade. P use efficiency (PUE), the ratio of the harvested crop-P to the total external P inputs, is a larger problem for tropical than temperate countries. Global crop trade had brought in a net 0.2 Tg P y-1 savings of industrial P fertilizers globally, compared to crop production in export and import countries. >0.50 Tg y-1 of the gross global accumulation of soil P and P in freshwater were associated with global agricultural trade. Global PUE, however, could be improved considerably, and thus global cooperation and improving PUE could help to solve the problem of future P scarcity. Vulnerable countries should also propose urgent national plans to address their own situations of P scarcity or low PUE.  相似文献   

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